/**
 * Typography & Text styles
 */
* {
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
/* html is set to 62.5% so that all the REM measurements are based on 10px sizing. So basically 1.5rem = 15px */
html {
  font-size: 62.5%;
}
body {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueExtended", "HelveticaNeue-Extended", "Helvetica Neue Extended", "HelveticaNeueRomanExtended", "HelveticaNeue-Roman-Extended", "Helvetica Neue Roman Extended", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "HelveticaNeueRoman", "HelveticaNeue-Roman", "Helvetica Neue Roman", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-stretch: normal;
  font-size: 1.4em;
  /* currently ems cause chrome bug misinterpreting rems on body element */
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.ui-widget,
.highwire-article-citation-variant-list {
  font-size: 1em;
}
address {
  font-style: normal;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.row--advert,
.text-center,
.menu--cta-menu,
.row--cta,
.panels-ajax-tab li a,
.highwire-index-by-author-links,
.highwire-advanced-search-form .form-item-txtsimple > .description {
  text-align: center;
}
.text-right,
.region-header {
  text-align: right;
}
.aha-icon-doi,
.highwire-advanced-search-form .button--search > .title,
.highwire-advanced-search-form .button--search > i,
fieldset.collapsible .fieldset-title:before,
.pane-aha-social-media .aha-conversation-overlay a:after,
.pane-aha-social-media .aha-conversation-overlay [class^="aha-icon"] {
  vertical-align: middle;
}
a,
.row--cta,
.issue-list-month,
.panels-ajax-tab li.active a,
.node--content-feature__overline,
.citation--list .highwire-cite-authors,
.citation--full .highwire-cite-authors,
.citation--title .highwire-cite-authors,
.citation--title .highwire-cite-overline,
.highwire-cite-metadata .label,
.tabs--article .item-list .panels-ajax-tab a,
.highwire_facet_count,
.active-facet-name,
.active-facet-label,
.collection .article-count,
ul.menu .active-trail,
.item-list .title,
.clipboard-copy .label-url,
.highwire-citation-highwire-comment-tab-list .highwire-cite-extras .label,
.citation--full .highwire-cite-extras .label,
.ui-widget button {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueBold", "HelveticaNeue-Bold", "Helvetica Neue Bold", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-stretch: normal;
}
.highwire_facet_count:before {
  content: "\0020(";
}
.highwire_facet_count:after {
  content: ")";
}
.ref-list a,
.fn-group a,
.highwire-article-nav a,
.highwire-toc-sections-nav a {
  word-wrap: break-word;
}
/* override inline font styles from markup server */
.pane-highwire-article-data-supp .highwire-journal-article-marker-start + .auto-clean > span:first-child {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueExtended", "HelveticaNeue-Extended", "Helvetica Neue Extended", "HelveticaNeueRomanExtended", "HelveticaNeue-Roman-Extended", "Helvetica Neue Roman Extended", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "HelveticaNeueRoman", "HelveticaNeue-Roman", "Helvetica Neue Roman", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif !important;
  font-size: 100% !important;
}
/**
 * Links
 */
a {
  text-decoration: none;
}
a:focus {
  outline: thin dotted;
}
.ad-disclaimer,
.panels-ajax-tab li a,
.panel-region-sidebar-right .block--cta > .content > a,
.panel-region-sidebar-right .block--cta > .pane-content > a,
.citation--list-featured .highwire-cite-authors,
.pane-aha-social-media .view .highwire-article-citation-list a,
.row--footer .menu--footer-info a,
.highwire-corrections h3,
.ui-widget,
.ui-widget input,
.ui-widget select,
.ui-widget textarea {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueExtended", "HelveticaNeue-Extended", "Helvetica Neue Extended", "HelveticaNeueRomanExtended", "HelveticaNeue-Roman-Extended", "Helvetica Neue Roman Extended", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "HelveticaNeueRoman", "HelveticaNeue-Roman", "Helvetica Neue Roman", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-stretch: normal;
}
small {
  font-size: 75%;
}
.ad-disclaimer {
  font-size: 1.0rem;
}
.tips,
.filter-help,
.filter-wrapper .form-item,
.filter-wrapper .form-item select,
.ctools-collapsible-container .ctools-collapsible-i,
fieldset.collapsible .fieldset-title:before,
.highwire-responsive-toggle-group ul.menu li.expanded > a > .title:before,
.node--content-feature__date,
.aha-admin-link,
.pane-aha-social-media .aha-conversation-overlay a:after,
.citation--list .highwire-cite-overline,
.citation--title .highwire-cite-authors,
.hw-show-hide-more-link > i {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}
.citation--title .highwire-cite-authors {
  line-height: 1.8;
}
.messages:before,
ul.nice-menu-down .menuparent > a:after,
.form-type-date-popup > .form-item > .input-wrapper:after,
.form-type-date-popup > .date-padding > .form-item > .input-wrapper:after,
.container-inline-date + .container-inline-date > .form-type-date-popup > .form-item > .input-wrapper:before,
.container-inline-date + .container-inline-date > .form-type-date-popup > .date-padding > .form-item > .input-wrapper:before,
.highwire-responsive-toggle-group ul.menu li.expanded > a > .title:before,
.bx-controls-direction > a:before,
.highwire-article-nav ul > li > a:before,
.highwire-toc-sections-nav ul > li > a:before,
.pane-aha-social-media .aha-conversation-overlay a:after,
.highwire-figure a.fragment-images:before,
fieldset.collapsible .fieldset-title:before,
.ui-dialog .ui-dialog-titlebar-close:before {
  /* use !important to prevent issues with browser extensions that change fonts */
  font-family: 'ahaicons' !important;
  speak: none;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  line-height: 1;
  /* Better Font Rendering =========== */
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}
.js fieldset.collapsible .fieldset-title:before {
  content: "\e90e";
}
.js fieldset.collapsed .fieldset-title:before {
  content: "\e912";
}
.highwire-figure a.fragment-images:before {
  content: "\e924";
}
.messages.status:before {
  content: "\f058";
}
.messages.warning:before {
  content: "\f06a";
}
.messages.error:before,
.ui-dialog .ui-dialog-titlebar-close:before {
  content: "\f057";
}
.highwire-article-nav ul > li > a:before,
.highwire-toc-sections-nav ul > li > a:before {
  content: "\f10c";
}
.highwire-article-nav ul > li > a:hover:before,
.highwire-toc-sections-nav ul > li > a:hover:before {
  content: "\f111";
}
.pane-aha-social-media .aha-conversation-overlay a:after {
  content: "\e916";
}
.highwire-responsive-toggle-group ul.menu li.expanded > a > .title:before {
  content: "\e915";
  float: right;
}
button,
.button,
.ad-disclaimer,
.highwire-responsive-toggle-group .panel-pane ul.menu a,
.node--content-feature__overline,
.menu--cta-menu a,
.aha-admin-link,
.citation--title .highwire-cite-overline,
.text-uppercase {
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.text-capitalized {
  text-transform: capitalize;
}
.text-lowercase {
  text-transform: lowercase;
}
.menu--cta-menu a {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueMedium", "HelveticaNeue-Medium", "Helvetica Neue Medium", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-stretch: normal;
}
.menu--cta-menu a em,
.menu--cta-menu a i {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueMediumItalic", "HelveticaNeue-MediumItalic", "Helvetica Neue Medium Italic", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;
}
.highwire-responsive-toggle-group .panel-pane ul.menu ul a {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueExtended", "HelveticaNeue-Extended", "Helvetica Neue Extended", "HelveticaNeueRomanExtended", "HelveticaNeue-Roman-Extended", "Helvetica Neue Roman Extended", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "HelveticaNeueRoman", "HelveticaNeue-Roman", "Helvetica Neue Roman", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-stretch: normal;
}
.button--search,
.highwire-responsive-toggle-group .panel-pane ul.menu ul a {
  text-transform: none;
}
/**
 * Headings
 */
h1,
.heading--alpha,
h2,
.heading--beta,
h3,
.heading--gamma,
h4,
.heading--delta,
h5,
.heading--epsilon,
h6 {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueBold", "HelveticaNeue-Bold", "Helvetica Neue Bold", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-stretch: normal;
  line-height: 1;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  /*  voodoo to enable ligatures and kerning | https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/text-rendering */
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}
h1,
.heading--alpha,
#page-title {
  font-size: 2rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
}
.row--alt #page-title,
.highwire-citation-type-highwire-article h1,
.highwire-citation-type-highwire-article #page-title {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueCondensed", "HelveticaNeue-Condensed", "Helvetica Neue Condensed", "HelveticaNeueCondensedLight", "HelveticaNeue-CondensedLight", "HelveticaNeue-Condensed-Light", "Helvetica Neue Condensed Light", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "HelveticaNeueRoman", "HelveticaNeue-Roman", "Helvetica Neue Roman", "Helvetica", "Arial Narrow", "Arial", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 2.6rem;
}
#page-subtitle,
.subtitle,
.citation--title .highwire-cite-subtitle {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueMedium", "HelveticaNeue-Medium", "Helvetica Neue Medium", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-stretch: normal;
  font-size: 1.6rem;
}
#page-subtitle em,
.subtitle em,
.citation--title .highwire-cite-subtitle em,
#page-subtitle i,
.subtitle i,
.citation--title .highwire-cite-subtitle i {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueMediumItalic", "HelveticaNeue-MediumItalic", "Helvetica Neue Medium Italic", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;
}
h2,
.heading--beta,
.block-title,
.pane-title,
.archive-title,
.highwire-list-title,
.fieldset-legend,
.fig-data-group-title,
.highwire-markup .sub-article > h1,
.opportunity-challenge-login h3,
.highwire-advanced-search-form .form-item-txtsimple > label,
.citation--cta .highwire-cite-title {
  font-size: 2rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
h3,
.heading--gamma,
.pane-aha-social-media .aha-conversation-overlay [class^="aha-icon"] {
  font-size: 2.4rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}
h4,
.heading--delta,
.citation--list .highwire-cite-title,
.citation--list .highwire-cite-linked-title,
.toc-meeting-citation .title,
.highwire-article-nav,
.highwire-toc-sections-nav,
.node--content-feature__title,
.pane-aha-social-media .aha-conversation-overlay {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
h5,
.heading--epsilon,
h6 {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.node-type-advanced-page .region-content .panel-region-content h3,
.highwire-markup .article .section h3,
.issue-list-month,
.issue-toc-section .issue-toc-section .toc-heading,
.node--featured .node--content-feature__title {
  font-size: 1.8rem;
}
.node--content-feature__title,
.node--content-feature__title a,
.node--content-hero__title,
.node--content-hero__title a {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueCondensedBold", "HelveticaNeue-CondensedBold", "HelveticaNeue-Condensed-Bold", "Helvetica Neue Condensed Bold", "HelveticaNeueBoldCondensed", "HelveticaNeue-BoldCondensed", "HelveticaNeue-Bold-Condensed", "Helvetica Neue Bold Condensed", "HelveticaNeueBold", "HelveticaNeue-Bold", "Helvetica Neue Bold", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", "Arial Narrow", "Arial", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-stretch: condensed;
}
.node--content-hero__title {
  font-size: 2rem;
}
.hw-show-hide-more-link,
.remove-all-facet-link,
.node--content-feature__date,
.tabs--article .panels-ajax-tab,
.form-item .description,
.form-wrapper .description,
.row--prefooter .pane-menu .pane-title,
.highwire-list-expand .expand-children,
.highwire-corrections h3,
.highwire-markup .disp-formula-label,
.highwire-markup .MathJax_Display {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
}
.ad-disclaimer,
.node--content-feature__overline,
.pane-title,
.block-title,
.issue-list-month,
.highwire-pager a,
.panels-ajax-tab li a,
.opportunity-challenge-login h3,
.page-aha-admin h3,
#highwire_folders_list_description h3,
.article-save-folder,
.highwire-corrections h3,
ul.highwire-responsive-toggle-triggers li,
.highwire-responsive-toggle-group .panel-pane .panel-pane,
.highwire-responsive-toggle-group .panel-pane ul.menu li a .title,
.pane-aha-social-media .aha-conversation-overlay,
.pane-aha-social-media .aha-conversation-overlay [class^="aha-icon"] {
  line-height: 1;
}
.site-name {
  font-size: 3.8rem;
  margin-bottom: -5px;
  letter-spacing: -1px;
}
.aha-site-name-long .site-name {
  font-size: 3rem;
  margin-bottom: -4px;
}
.aha-site-name-serif .site-name {
  margin-bottom: -6px;
}
.aha-site-name-descenders .site-name {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.hw-default-jcode-strokeaha .site-name {
  font-size: 6rem;
  margin-top: -5px;
  margin-bottom: -10px;
}
.hw-default-jcode-ahaoa .site-name .big-title-center {
  display: block;
  font-size: 7rem;
  margin: -1rem 0 -0.75rem 0;
}
.site-name,
.site-name a {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueExtended", "HelveticaNeue-Extended", "Helvetica Neue Extended", "HelveticaNeueRomanExtended", "HelveticaNeue-Roman-Extended", "Helvetica Neue Roman Extended", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "HelveticaNeueRoman", "HelveticaNeue-Roman", "Helvetica Neue Roman", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-stretch: normal;
  line-height: 1;
}
.aha-site-name-serif .site-name,
.aha-site-name-serif .site-name a {
  font-family: TimesNewRoman, "Times New Roman", Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-stretch: normal;
}
/**
 * Paragraphs
 */
p,
table {
  margin: 0 auto 1.5rem auto;
  /* bottom margin for paragraphs */
}
/**
 * Quotes & Blockquotes
 */
q {
  quotes: '\00201C' '\00201D';
}
q:before {
  content: open-quote;
}
q:after {
  content: close-quote;
}
blockquote {
  border-left-style: solid;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  margin: 15px 30px;
  padding: 7.5px 15px;
}
#page-title,
blockquote p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
/**
 * Horizontal lines
 */
/* https://css-tricks.com/examples/hrs/ */
hr {
  border: 0;
  height: 2px;
  margin: 30px 0;
}
hr.clear {
  background-color: transparent;
  height: 1px;
}
hr.blank {
  height: 1px;
}
hr.thin {
  margin: 7.5px auto;
}
hr.collapse-margin {
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.row--prefooter,
.row--prefooter a {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueCondensed", "HelveticaNeue-Condensed", "Helvetica Neue Condensed", "HelveticaNeueCondensedLight", "HelveticaNeue-CondensedLight", "HelveticaNeue-Condensed-Light", "Helvetica Neue Condensed Light", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "HelveticaNeueRoman", "HelveticaNeue-Roman", "Helvetica Neue Roman", "Helvetica", "Arial Narrow", "Arial", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1;
}
.row--prefooter .block-title,
.row--prefooter .pane-title,
.row--prefooter .menu a {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueCondensedBold", "HelveticaNeue-CondensedBold", "HelveticaNeue-Condensed-Bold", "Helvetica Neue Condensed Bold", "HelveticaNeueBoldCondensed", "HelveticaNeue-BoldCondensed", "HelveticaNeue-Bold-Condensed", "Helvetica Neue Bold Condensed", "HelveticaNeueBold", "HelveticaNeue-Bold", "Helvetica Neue Bold", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", "Arial Narrow", "Arial", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-stretch: condensed;
}
.row--footer {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.row--footer,
.row--footer a {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueMedium", "HelveticaNeue-Medium", "Helvetica Neue Medium", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-stretch: normal;
}
.row--footer em,
.row--footer a em,
.row--footer i,
.row--footer a i {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueMediumItalic", "HelveticaNeue-MediumItalic", "Helvetica Neue Medium Italic", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;
}
.row--footer .snippet-content a {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.row--footer .pane-title,
.row--footer .block-title {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  line-height: 1;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.row--footer .five-layout .panel-region-second a {
  font-family: "HelveticaNeueBold", "HelveticaNeue-Bold", "Helvetica Neue Bold", "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-stretch: normal;
}
.zone-footer-second .block-title {
  text-transform: none;
}