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Volume 28, Issue 7; July 1, 2008
Editorials
Brief Reviews
Integrative Physiology/Experimental Medicine
Cell Biology and Signaling
Clinical and Population Studies
Corrections
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Key:  
VB = Vascular Biology
  
AL = Atherosclerosis/Lipoproteins
  
TH = Thrombosis
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Editorials
Are the Mechanisms for NO-Dependent Vascular Remodeling Different From Vasorelaxation In Vivo?
Michael Schleicher and William C. Sessa
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1207-1208, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.167403
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CD36 Goes Native
Maria Febbraio
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1209-1210, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.169342
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Adipose Tissue Lymphocytes and Macrophages in Obesity and Insulin Resistance: Makers or Markers, and Which Comes First?
A. Bouloumié, L. Casteilla, and M. Lafontan
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1211-1213, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.168229
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A Central Resource for Platelet Proteomics
Gerard Cagney and James McRedmond
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1214-1215, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.167452
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Double Tribble: Two TRIB3 Variants, Insulin, Akt, and eNOS
Ingrid Fleming
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1216-1218, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.169250
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A Novel Role for Adiponectin in the Regulation of Inflammation
Noriyuki Ouchi and Kenneth Walsh
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1219-1221, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.165068
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The Time for Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trials Has Arrived: How Low to Go for hsCRP?
Paul M Ridker
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1222-1224, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.168989
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Brief Reviews
Overproduction of Very Low–Density Lipoproteins Is the Hallmark of the Dyslipidemia in the Metabolic Syndrome
Martin Adiels, Sven-Olof Olofsson, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, and Jan Borén
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1225-1236, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.160192
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Diabetic dyslipidemia is a cluster of potentially atherogenic lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities that are metabolically interrelated. Recent evidence suggests that a fundamental defect is an overproduction of large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles. Here, we review the pathophysiology of VLDL biosynthesis and metabolism in the metabolic syndrome.
Integrative Physiology/Experimental Medicine
Temporally Expressed PDGF and FGF-2 Regulate Embryonic Coronary Artery Formation and Growth
Robert J. Tomanek, Heidi K. Hansen, and Lance P. Christensen
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1237-1243; published online before print April 17 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.166454
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Role of Smooth Muscle cGMP/cGKI Signaling in Murine Vascular Restenosis
Robert Lukowski, Pascal Weinmeister, Dominik Bernhard, Susanne Feil, Michael Gotthardt, Joachim Herz, Steffen Massberg, Alma Zernecke, Christian Weber, Franz Hofmann, and Robert Feil
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1244-1250; published online before print April 17 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.166405
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Androgen Increases AT1a Receptor Expression in Abdominal Aortas to Promote Angiotensin II–Induced AAAs in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
Tracy Henriques, Xuan Zhang, Frederique B. Yiannikouris, Alan Daugherty, and Lisa A. Cassis
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1251-1256; published online before print May 1 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.160382
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Castration decreases AT1aR mRNA abundance in abdominal aortas from male and female apoE-/- mice, whereas DHT administration increased AT1aR mRNA abundance. DHT administration increased AAA incidence in castrated males and promoted AAAs in female mice. These results demonstrate that androgen increases AT1aR abundance in abdominal aortas to promote AAA formation.
Alpha2-Antiplasmin Is a Critical Regulator of Angiotensin II–Mediated Vascular Remodeling
YongZhong Hou, Kiyotaka Okada, Chikako Okamoto, Shigeru Ueshima, and Osamu Matsuo
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1257-1262; published online before print April 24 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.165688
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{alpha}2-AP is the major circulating inhibitor of plasmin. Here we reported that {alpha}2-AP-/- suppressed Ang II and L-NAME-induced perivascular fibrosis by decreased collagen I expression. {alpha}2-AP-/- decreased Ang II-induced vascular remodeling by inhibiting p53/p21 pathway, suggesting that {alpha}2-AP is proposed to be a potential therapeutic target for vascular remodeling.
SIRT1, a Longevity Gene, Downregulates Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Ryohei Miyazaki, Toshihiro Ichiki, Toru Hashimoto, Keita Inanaga, Ikuyo Imayama, Junichi Sadoshima, and Kenji Sunagawa
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1263-1269; published online before print April 17 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.166991
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Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) belongs to class III histone/protein deacetylases and are associated with longevity. Resveratrol significantly suppressed AT1R expression at the transcriptional level through SIRT1 activation both in vivo and in vitro. The downregulation of renin-angiotensin system may contribute to the longevity and antiatherogenic effect of resveratrol.
Overexpression of ACE2 Enhances Plaque Stability in a Rabbit Model of Atherosclerosis
Bo Dong, Cheng Zhang, Jing Bo Feng, Yu Xia Zhao, Shu Ying Li, Ya Pei Yang, Qiu Li Dong, Bi Ping Deng, Li Zhu, Qing Tao Yu, Chun Xi Liu, Bin Liu, Chun Ming Pan, Huai Dong Song, Ming Xiang Zhang, and Yun Zhang
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1270-1276; published online before print April 10 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.164715
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To investigate whether ACE2 overexpression may enhance plaque stability, plaques were induced in 114 rabbits treated with local infusion of AdACE2, AdEGFP, or Ad.ACE2+A779. Local ACE2 overexpression resulted in stable plaque compositions, higher plaque stability scores, decreased angiotensin II levels, and increased angiotensin 1 to 7 levels in plaque tissues.
Acute Elevation of Plasma PLTP Activity Strongly Increases Pre-existing Atherosclerosis
Matthijs Moerland, Hannelore Samyn, Teus van Gent, Rien van Haperen, Geesje Dallinga-Thie, Frank Grosveld, Arie van Tol, and Rini de Crom
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1277-1282; published online before print April 17 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.165084
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In LDL receptor knockout mice with conditional expression of human PLTP plasma VLDL levels are strongly increased, whereas VLDL secretion is not affected. This is explained by a PLTP-dependent inhibition of VLDL catabolism. After PLTP induction, preexisting atherosclerotic lesions grow larger, even on a chow diet. In addition, the lesions show a less stable phenotype.
CD44 Expressed on Both Bone Marrow–Derived and Non–Bone Marrow–Derived Cells Promotes Atherogenesis in ApoE-Deficient Mice
Liang Zhao, Eric Lee, Alicia M. Zukas, Melissa K. Middleton, Michelle Kinder, Pinak S. Acharya, Jason A. Hall, Daniel J. Rader, and Ellen Puré
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1283-1289; published online before print April 17 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.165753
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Mouse CD36 Has Opposite Effects on LDL and Oxidized LDL Metabolism In Vivo
Vilayphone Luangrath, Mathieu R. Brodeur, David Rhainds, and Louise Brissette
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1290-1295; published online before print April 24 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.161653
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Cholesterol Absorption From the Intestine Is a Major Determinant of Reverse Cholesterol Transport From Peripheral Tissue Macrophages
Ephraim Sehayek and Stanley L. Hazen
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1296-1297; published online before print April 17 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.165803
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Coexpression of CLA-1 and Human PDZK1 in Murine Liver Modulates HDL Cholesterol Metabolism
Hidenori Komori, Hidenori Arai, Terumi Kashima, Thierry Huby, Toru Kita, and Yukihiko Ueda
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1298-1303; published online before print April 10 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.165845
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Transgenic expression of human PDZK1 increased hepatic CLA-1 expression in murine liver. Enhanced hepatic CLA-1 expression increased the clearance of HDL particles containing human apoA-I. Thus CLA-1 and human PDZK1 have a potential to modulate HDL cholesterol metabolism in human.
T-lymphocyte Infiltration in Visceral Adipose Tissue: A Primary Event in Adipose Tissue Inflammation and the Development of Obesity-Mediated Insulin Resistance
Ulrich Kintscher, Martin Hartge, Katharina Hess, Anna Foryst-Ludwig, Markus Clemenz, Martin Wabitsch, Pamela Fischer-Posovszky, Thomas F.E. Barth, Duska Dragun, Thomas Skurk, Hans Hauner, Matthias Blüher, Thomas Unger, Anna-Maria Wolf, Uwe Knippschild, Vinzenz Hombach, and Nikolaus Marx
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1304-1310; published online before print April 17 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.165100
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In a mouse model of insulin resistance (IR), high-fat diet induced IR after 5 weeks, which was associated with a marked proinflammatory T-lymphocyte infiltration in visceral adipose tissue, whereas macrophage recruitment was delayed after 10 weeks of diet, suggesting a dissociation of macrophage invasion into adipose tissue and IR initiation.
Detection of Neovessels in Atherosclerotic Plaques of Rabbits Using Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI and 18F-FDG PET
Claudia Calcagno, Jean-Christophe Cornily, Fabien Hyafil, James H.F. Rudd, Karen C. Briley-Saebo, Venkatesh Mani, Gregg Goldschlager, Josef Machac, Valentin Fuster, and Zahi A. Fayad
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1311-1317; published online before print May 8 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.166173
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Neovessels are hallmarks of high-risk inflamed atherosclerotic plaques. In this study we used DCE-MRI and 18F-FDG PET to detect inflammation in atherosclerosis expressed as plaque neovessels count evaluated by histology. We found a positive correlation between neovessels count, DCE-MRI parameters, and 18F-FDG uptake. We propose that these noninvasive modalities could be used in the future to evaluate plaque-associated risk in the clinics.
Recombinant Activated Protein C Attenuates Endothelial Injury and Inhibits Procoagulant Microparticles Release in Baboon Heatstroke
Abderrezak Bouchama, Corinne Kunzelmann, Mohammed Dehbi, Aaron Kwaasi, Abdelmoneim Eldali, Fatiha Zobairi, Jean-Marie Freyssinet, and Dominique de Prost
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1318-1325; published online before print May 1 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.161737
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Cell Biology and Signaling
Platelet Protein Interactions: Map, Signaling Components, and Phosphorylation Groundstate
Marcus Dittrich, Ingvild Birschmann, Silke Mietner, Albert Sickmann, Ulrich Walter, and Thomas Dandekar
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1326-1331; published online before print May 1 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.161000
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Intracellular Localization of Cthrc1 Characterizes Differentiated Smooth Muscle
Renée J. LeClair, Qiaozeng Wang, Meredith A. Benson, Igor Prudovsky, and Volkhard Lindner
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1332-1338; published online before print May 8 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.166579
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KLF2 Primes the Antioxidant Transcription Factor Nrf2 for Activation in Endothelial Cells
Joost O. Fledderus, Reinier A. Boon, Oscar L. Volger, Hanna Hurttila, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala, Hans Pannekoek, Anna-Liisa Levonen, and Anton J.G. Horrevoets
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1339-1346; published online before print May 8 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.165811
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The role of KLF2 in shear-induced Nrf2-dependent gene expression in HUVECs was studied. Nrf2-mediated antioxidant transcription was increased by KLF2 through enhanced Nrf2 nuclear localization and activation which resulted in an enhanced protection against oxidative stress. We report that KLF2 and Nrf2 give a major contribution to the antioxidant and antiinflammatory endothelial response to flow.
Nox4 and Nox2 NADPH Oxidases Mediate Distinct Cellular Redox Signaling Responses to Agonist Stimulation
Narayana Anilkumar, Roberta Weber, Min Zhang, Alison Brewer, and Ajay M. Shah
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1347-1354; published online before print May 8 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.164277
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We compared the effects of Nox2 versus Nox4 overexpression in HEK293 cells. These isoforms had distinctive intracellular localization and exhibited isoform-specific ROS production and signaling responses to angiotensin II, TNF{alpha}, or insulin. Nox2 and Nox4 may modulate distinct agonist-stimulated signaling pathways.
TRIB3 R84 Variant Is Associated With Impaired Insulin-Mediated Nitric Oxide Production in Human Endothelial Cells
Francesco Andreozzi, Gloria Formoso, Sabrina Prudente, Marta Letizia Hribal, Assunta Pandolfi, Emanuele Bellacchio, Sara Di Silvestre, Vincenzo Trischitta, Agostino Consoli, and Giorgio Sesti
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1355-1360; published online before print April 24 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162883
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The TRIB3 R84 variant has been associated with early age at myocardial infarction. We here report that insulin-mediated Akt activation and NO synthesis are markedly impaired in human endothelial cells carrying the variant. This finding provides a plausible biological background for the deleterious role of TRIB3 R84 on genetic susceptibility to coronary artery disease.
Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Upregulates Paraoxonase 2 Expression in Macrophages Via an NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Mechanism
Bianca Fuhrman, Jasmin Khateeb, Maayan Shiner, Orna Nitzan, Rachel Karry, Nina Volkova, and Michael Aviram
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1361-1367; published online before print April 24 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.166041
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Our results demonstrate that uPA upregulates macrophage PON2 expression, secondary to NADPH oxidase activation. Macrophage PON2 upregulation may provide a compensatory protective mechanism against uPA-induced NADPH oxidase-dependent stimulation of macrophage oxidative stress during atherogenesis.
Adiponectin Decreases C-Reactive Protein Synthesis and Secretion From Endothelial Cells: Evidence for an Adipose Tissue-Vascular Loop
Sridevi Devaraj, Natalie Torok, Mohan R. Dasu, David Samols, and Ishwarlal Jialal
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1368-1374; published online before print May 1 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.163303
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We tested whether adiponectin reduces CRP synthesis and secretion in HAECs under normoglycemic (5.5 mmol/L glucose) and hyperglycemic conditions (15 mmol/L glucose). Adiponectin reduced CRP mRNA and protein under hyperglycemic conditions via upregulation of AMP kinase and downregulation of NFeB. Similar findings were observed in rat primary hepatocytes.
Complete Downmodulation of P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand in Monocytes Undergoing Apoptosis
Jan-Julius Stampfuss, Petra Censarek, Jens W. Fischer, Gernot Kaber, Bernhard H. Rauch, Kerstin Freidel, Ute Fischer, Klaus Schulze-Osthoff, Tilo Grosser, Maria Grandoch, Karsten Schrör, and Artur-Aron Weber
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1375-1378; published online before print May 1 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.166629
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We have studied P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL-1) expression and function in apoptotic monocytic cells. PSGL-1 expression was virtually abolished by proteolytic ectodomain shedding resulting in a complete loss of platelet-leukocyte and leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. Downmodulation of PGSL-1 may prevent ectopic cell clearance and may act as a molecular switch to reduce thrombogenicity.
Clinical and Population Studies
Prognostic Value of Leukocyte Telomere Length in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Data From the Heart and Soul Study
Ramin Farzaneh-Far, Richard M. Cawthon, Beeya Na, Warren S. Browner, Nelson B. Schiller, and Mary A. Whooley
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1379-1384; published online before print May 8 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.167049
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High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Coronary Heart Disease in a General Population of Japanese: The Hisayama Study
Hisatomi Arima, Michiaki Kubo, Koji Yonemoto, Yasufumi Doi, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Yumihiro Tanizaki, Jun Hata, Kiyoshi Matsumura, Mitsuo Iida, and Yutaka Kiyohara
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1385-1391; published online before print April 10 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.157164
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hs-CRP levels were clearly associated with future coronary events in a general population of Japanese. In Japanese populations, the hs-CRP cut-off point for high-risk of future development of CHD is likely to be >1.0 mg/L, which is much lower than that for Western populations.
Distension of the Carotid Artery and Risk of Coronary Events: The Three-City Study
Nathalie Leone, Pierre Ducimetière, Jerôme Gariépy, Dominique Courbon, Christophe Tzourio, Jean-François Dartigues, Karen Ritchie, Annick Alpérovitch, Philippe Amouyel, Michel E. Safar, and Mahmoud Zureik
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1392-1397; published online before print April 17 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.164582
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Relationship between B-mode ultrasound measurements of carotid wall mechanics and coronary events was investigated in a large scale population-based cohort study in the elderly. We showed that carotid distension, the stroke change in lumen diameter, was positively and independently predictive of coronary heart disease.
Do Psychological Factors Affect Inflammation and Incident Coronary Heart Disease: The Whitehall II Study
Hermann Nabi, Archana Singh-Manoux, Martin Shipley, David Gimeno, Michael G. Marmot, and Mika Kivimaki
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1398-1406; published online before print April 24 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.167239
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Polymorphisms of the IL1-Receptor Antagonist Gene (
IL1RN
) Are Associated With Multiple Markers of Systemic Inflammation
Alexander P. Reiner, Mark M. Wurfel, Leslie A. Lange, Christopher S. Carlson, Alex S. Nord, Cara L. Carty, Mark J. Rieder, Cindy Desmarais, Nancy S. Jenny, Carlos Iribarren, Jeremy D. Walston, O. Dale Williams, Deborah A. Nickerson, and Gail P. Jarvik
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1407-1412; published online before print May 1 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.167437
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Using data from 3 large studies comprising younger and older adults, we demonstrate that common variants of the IL-1RA gene (IL1RN) are associated with circulating levels of multiple markers of systemic inflammation. The IL1RN polymorphisms were also associated with cellular IL-1RA production ex vivo in response to an inflammatory stimulus.
Corrections
Correction
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:e151, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.133333
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