Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology -- Table of Contents (28 [5])

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Volume 28, Issue 5; May 1, 2008

Editorials
Brief Reviews
Integrative Physiology/Experimental Medicine
Integrated Physiology/Experimental Medicine
Cell Biology and Signaling
Clinical and Population Studies
Corrections

Key: VB = Vascular Biology AL = Atherosclerosis/Lipoproteins TH = Thrombosis

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	Editorials
	Recipients of the 2008 New Investigator Awards Connie Melsha Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:799-800, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.166447 Extract \| Full Text \| PDF
	Nanomedicine Captures Cardiovascular Disease Willem J.M. Mulder and Zahi A. Fayad Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:801-802, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.165332 Extract \| Full Text \| PDF
	The Adult Epicardium: Realizing the Potential for Neovascular Therapy Paul R. Riley Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:803-804, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.165191 Extract \| Full Text \| PDF
	Cysteinyl-Leukotrienes in Cerebrovascular Disease: Angels and Demons? Magnus Bäck Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:805-806, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.164459 Extract \| Full Text \| PDF
	Expanding the Concept of Telomere Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease Pim van der Harst, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, and Nilesh J. Samani Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:807-808, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.164434 Extract \| Full Text \| PDF
	HDL, PTX3, and Vascular Protection Ziad Mallat and Alain Tedgui Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:809-811, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.163204 Extract \| Full Text \| PDF
	Brief Reviews
	Role of Smooth Muscle Cells in the Initiation and Early Progression of Atherosclerosis Amanda C. Doran, Nahum Meller, and Coleen A. McNamara Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:812-819; published online before print February 14 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.159327 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play a key role in fibrous cap formation and plaque stability in advanced atherosclerosis; however, less is known about the role of SMCs in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. This review summarizes the present data implicating SMCs in the development of early atherogenesis.
	Integrative Physiology/Experimental Medicine
	Angiopoietin-Related Growth Factor Enhances Blood Flow Via Activation of the ERK1/2-eNOS-NO Pathway in a Mouse Hind-Limb Ischemia Model Takashi Urano, Yasuhiro Ito, Masaki Akao, Tomohiro Sawa, Keishi Miyata, Mitsuhisa Tabata, Tohru Morisada, Tai Hato, Masato Yano, Tsuyoshi Kadomatsu, Kunio Yasunaga, Rei Shibata, Toyoaki Murohara, Takaaki Akaike, Hidenobu Tanihara, Toshio Suda, and Yuichi Oike Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:827-834; published online before print February 7 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.149674 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials We sought to determine whether AGF enhances blood flow in a mouse hind-limb ischemia model and to define its molecular mechanisms. Activation of an ERK1/2-eNOS-NO pathway is crucial for AGF-induced angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. AGF signaling pathway may contribute to develop a new clinical strategy for ischemic vascular diseases.
	Sequential Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Transforming Growth Factor β in Arterial Elastocalcinosis Céline Bouvet, Simon Moreau, Joannie Blanchette, Denis de Blois, and Pierre Moreau Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:856-862; published online before print February 21 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.153056 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials The objective was to determine the importance and timing of matrix degradation in relation to elastocalcinosis associated with enhanced vascular stiffness. Matrix degradation and its cellular signaling are essential to elastocalcinosis and precede elastin fragmentation, overt calcification, and enhanced vascular stiffness. These early events could represent means to limit stiffening of large arteries.
	Integrated Physiology/Experimental Medicine
	Intramural Delivery of Rapamycin With ${alpha}$ _vβ₃-Targeted Paramagnetic Nanoparticles Inhibits Stenosis After Balloon Injury Tillmann Cyrus, Huiying Zhang, John S. Allen, Todd A. Williams, Grace Hu, Shelton D. Caruthers, Samuel A. Wickline, and Gregory M. Lanza Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:820-826; published online before print February 21 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.156281 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Femoral arteries of 48 atherosclerotic rabbits underwent balloon stretch injury and were treated locally with either: (1) {alpha}vβ3-targeted rapamycin nanoparticles, (2) {alpha}vβ3-targeted nanoparticles without rapamycin, (3) nontargeted rapamycin nanoparticles, or (4) saline. Intramural delivery of {alpha}vβ3-targeted rapamycin nanoparticles inhibited stenosis at 2 weeks without delaying endothelial healing following balloon injury over 4 weeks.
	Suppression of the Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling Cascade and Inhibition of Angiogenesis by the Carboxyl Terminus of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 Ying-Hua Yang, Yu Wang, Karen S.L. Lam, Ming-Hon Yau, Kenneth K.Y. Cheng, Jialiang Zhang, Weidong Zhu, Donghai Wu, and Aimin Xu Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:835-840; published online before print March 13 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.157776 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials This study comprehensively investigated the structural and cellular basis underlying the antiangiogenic activities of angiopoietin-like protein-4 (Angptl4). We found that the carboxyl terminus of Angptl4 alone is sufficient to suppress neovascularization in an N-glycosylation-dependent manner. Furthermore, our results showed that Angplt4 inhibits the Raf-1/ERK1/2 MAPK pathway in endothelial cells.
	Prokineticin Receptor-1 Induces Neovascularization and Epicardial-Derived Progenitor Cell Differentiation Kyoji Urayama, Célia Guilini, Gulen Turkeri, Selcuk Takir, Hitoshi Kurose, Nadia Messaddeq, Andrée Dierich, and Canan G. Nebigil Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:841-849, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162404 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Prokineticins are secreted bioactive proteins that bind to 2 GPCRs, PKR1 and PKR2. Using transgenic mice, coculture cell models, EPDC, and PKR1-null mutants, we showed that cardiomyocyte-PKR1 signaling upregulates its own ligand prokineticin-2 as a paracrine factor, trigerring pluripotency of EPDCs, to promote neovascularization.
	Site-Specific Atherogenic Gene Expression Correlates With Subsequent Variable Lesion Development in Coronary and Peripheral Vasculature Emile R. Mohler, III, Lea Sarov-Blat, Yi Shi, Damir Hamamdzic, Andrew Zalewski, Colin MacPhee, Raul Llano, Dan Pelchovitz, Sumeet K. Mainigi, Hashim Osman, Troy Hallman, Klaudia Steplewski, Zachary Gertz, Min Min Lu, and Robert L Wilensky Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:850-855; published online before print February 14 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.154534 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Differential development of advanced atherosclerosis in 3 arterial beds of diabetic and hypercholesterolemic pigs was associated with differential gene expression in cholesterol metabolism, insulin, and inflammation signaling related pathways. The results provide insight into the arterial-specific and time-dependent variability of vascular gene expression.
	Adiponectin Protects Against Angiotensin II–Induced Cardiac Fibrosis Through Activation of PPAR- ${alpha}$ Koichi Fujita, Norikazu Maeda, Mina Sonoda, Koji Ohashi, Toshiyuki Hibuse, Hitoshi Nishizawa, Makoto Nishida, Aki Hiuge, Akifumi Kurata, Shinji Kihara, Iichiro Shimomura, and Tohru Funahashi Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:863-870; published online before print February 28 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.156687 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Adiponectin-deficient mice revealed severe angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis and its phenotype were reversed by adiponectin supplementation. However, adiponectin treatment failed to ameliorate cardiac fibrosis in angiotensin II-infused PPAR-{alpha}-deficient mice. In vivo and in vitro experiments suggested that adiponectin protects against angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis possibly through AMPK-dependent PPAR-{alpha} activation.
	Effects of Statins on Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Their Inhibitory Effect on MyD88-Independent IRF3/IFN-β Pathway in Macrophages Manabu Abe, Morihiro Matsuda, Hironori Kobayashi, Yugo Miyata, Yuki Nakayama, Ryutaro Komuro, Atsunori Fukuhara, and Iichiro Shimomura Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:871-877; published online before print March 6 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.160663 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials We investigated the effects of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) on adipose tissue inflammation and macrophages. We found that treatment of obese mice with statins partially attenuated the development of adipose tissue inflammation, and that statins had an inhibitory effect on MyD88-independent IRF3/IFN-β pathway in macrophages.
	Cell Biology and Signaling
	AP-1–Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of NADPH Oxidase in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells: Role of p22^phox Subunit Adrian Manea, Simona A. Manea, Anca V. Gafencu, Monica Raicu, and Maya Simionescu Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:878-885; published online before print February 28 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.163592 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials
	Gas6–Axl Receptor Signaling Is Regulated by Glucose in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Megan E. Cavet, Elaine M. Smolock, Oktay H. Ozturk, Cameron World, Jinjiang Pang, Atsushi Konishi, and Bradford C. Berk Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:886-891; published online before print February 21 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162693 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials This study demonstrates a role for glucose in altering Axl signaling through coupling to binding partners. Specifically, binding of Axl to the p85 subunit of PI3-kinase was increased in low glucose, whereas binding to SHP-2 was increased in high glucose. The data suggest that Axl contributes to VSMC dysfunction in diabetes.
	GIT1 Mediates HDAC5 Activation by Angiotensin II in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Jinjiang Pang, Chen Yan, Kanchana Natarajan, Megan E. Cavet, Michael P. Massett, Guoyong Yin, and Bradford C. Berk Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:892-898; published online before print February 21 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.161349 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials
	Adiponectin Protects Against Angiotensin II or Tumor Necrosis Factor ${alpha}$ –Induced Endothelial Cell Monolayer Hyperpermeability: Role of cAMP/PKA Signaling Shi-Qiong Xu, Kalyankar Mahadev, Xiangdong Wu, Lauren Fuchsel, Sylvia Donnelly, Rosario G. Scalia, and Barry J. Goldstein Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:899-905; published online before print February 21 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.163634 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Full-length and globular adiponectin abrogated the hyperpermeability of an endothelial monolayer elicited by TNF-{alpha} or Ang II, measured by electric resistance or albumin diffusion. Hyperpermeability correlated with actin stress fiber development, intercellular gap formation, and β-tubulin disassembly, which were all suppressed by adiponectin. Adiponectin increased cellular cAMP, and its effects were blocked by inhibition of cAMP/PKA signaling.
	Human Stanniocalcin-1 Blocks TNF- ${alpha}$ –Induced Monolayer Permeability in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells Changyi Chen, Md Saha Jamaluddin, Shaoyu Yan, David Sheikh-Hamad, and Qizhi Yao Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:906-912; published online before print February 28 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.163667 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials
	CNGA2 Channels Mediate Adenosine-Induced Ca²⁺ Influx in Vascular Endothelial Cells Kwong-Tai Cheng, Yuk-Ki Leung, Bing Shen, Yuk-Chi Kwok, Ching-On Wong, Hiu-Yee Kwan, Yu-Bun Man, Xin Ma, Yu Huang, and Xiaoqiang Yao Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:913-918; published online before print February 21 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.148338 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials
	Differential Regulation of VEGF Signaling by PKC- ${alpha}$ and PKC- ${epsilon}$ in Endothelial Cells Christian Rask-Madsen and George L. King Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:919-924; published online before print March 6 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162842 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Downregulation of PKC{epsilon} with siRNA decreased Akt, eNOS, and Erk1/2 phosphorylation, NO synthase activity, and DNA synthesis stimulated by VEGF, likely through a dramatic decrease in VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) tyrosine phosphorylation, and VEGFR2 protein and mRNA expression. In contrast, PKC-{alpha} knockdown increased VEGFR2 phosphorylation, VEGFR2 expression, and downstream signaling.
	Long Pentraxin 3, a Key Component of Innate Immunity, Is Modulated by High-Density Lipoproteins in Endothelial Cells Giuseppe Danilo Norata, Patrizia Marchesi, Angela Pirillo, Patrizia Uboldi, Giulia Chiesa, Virginia Maina, Cecilia Garlanda, Alberto Mantovani, and Alberico Luigi Catapano Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:925-931; published online before print January 24 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.160606 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Here we report that HDL modulate the expression of PTX3, a member of the acute phase proteins superfamily, in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that part of the atheroprotective effects of HDL could result from the modulation of molecules that act as sensors of the immuno-inflammatory balance in the vascular wall.
	Induction of CXCR2 Receptor by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor ${gamma}$ in Human Macrophages Elena Rigamonti, Coralie Fontaine, Bruno Lefebvre, Christian Duhem, Philippe Lefebvre, Nikolaus Marx, Bart Staels, and Giulia Chinetti-Gbaguidi Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:932-939; published online before print February 21 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.161679 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials IL-8 recruits and activates phagocytes acting through CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors. Regulation of these genes by PPAR-{gamma} was studied in macrophages. PPAR-{gamma} induces CXCR2 expression, leading to an acquired induction of ROS production in response to IL-8 and Groβ. These results provide a novel role for PPAR-{gamma} in macrophage immune response.
	Clinical and Population Studies
	Dilation-Dependent Activation of Platelets and Prothrombin in Human Thoracic Ascending Aortic Aneurysm Ziad Touat, Laurent Lepage, Véronique Ollivier, Patrick Nataf, Ulrich Hvass, Julien Labreuche, Martine Jandrot-Perrus, Jean-Baptiste Michel, and Guillaume Jondeau Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:940-946; published online before print February 21 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.158576 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Platelet activation and thrombin formation were evidenced in Marfan patients with ascending aortic dilatation above 45 mm (but not below 45 mm), and in patients with large aneurysm of other aetiologies. Thrombin (susceptible to activate MMPs) present within the aortic wall suggests that it could participate in aortic dilatation.
	Tissue Factor in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: Expression in Platelets, Leukocytes, and Platelet-Leukocyte Aggregates Marta Brambilla, Marina Camera, Deborah Colnago, Giancarlo Marenzi, Monica De Metrio, Peter L. Giesen, Alessandra Balduini, Fabrizio Veglia, Karl Gertow, Paolo Biglioli, and Elena Tremoli Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:947-953; published online before print February 21 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.161471 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Addtional Materials In ACS patients the number of TF-positive platelets and platelet-monocyte aggregates as well as the platelet-associated TF mRNA levels are significantly greater than in SA or Controls, strengthening the link between platelet activation, blood coagulation, and thrombus formation, and may further contribute to the hypercoagulability associated with the disease.
	Impact of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine on Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction Marianne Zeller, Claudia Korandji, Jean-Claude Guilland, Pierre Sicard, Catherine Vergely, Luc Lorgis, Jean-Claude Beer, Laurence Duvillard, Anne-Cécile Lagrost, Daniel Moreau, Philippe Gambert, Yves Cottin, and Luc Rochette Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:954-960; published online before print February 14 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162768 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials From patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), we analyzed the levels of circulating asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA). High ADMA was a predictor for mortality, even when adjusted for potential confounders. Our study suggests that ADMA has a prognostic value for mortality after MI, beyond traditional risk factors and biomarkers.
	Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Independently Predicts Fatal and Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Women: 24-Year Follow-Up of the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg Tora Leong, Dimitri Zylberstein, Ian Graham, Lauren Lissner, Deirdre Ward, Jane Fogarty, Calle Bengtsson, Cecilia Björkelund, Dag Thelle for The Swedish-Irish-Norwegian (SIN) Collaboration Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:961-967; published online before print February 21 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.156596 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Baseline ADMA in the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg was associated with approximately 30% increase (adjusted) in incident cardiovascular events per 0.15 {micro}mol/L (1 SD) increase in ADMA after 24 years of follow-up. ADMA >=0.71 {micro}mol/L can enhance both the SCORE and Framingham systems of cardiovascular risk assessment.
	Telomere Gap Between Granulocytes and Lymphocytes Is a Determinant for Hematopoetic Progenitor Cell Impairment in Patients With Previous Myocardial Infarction Ioakim Spyridopoulos, Young Erben, Tim H. Brummendorf, Judith Haendeler, Klaus Dietz, Florian Seeger, Christine K. Kissel, Hans Martin, Jedrzej Hoffmann, Birgit Assmus, Andreas M. Zeiher, and Stefanie Dimmeler Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:968-974; published online before print February 14 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.160846 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials In patients with CAD, telomere shortening is already present in mononuclear bone marrow cells. Telomere length depends on both age and the extent of CAD and correlates with bone marrow cell functionality. The telomere length difference between granulocytes and lymphocytes is the most sensitive determinant for telomere-associated bone marrow impairment.
	Variants of the Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 Gene Regulate Expression of IRF5 mRNA in Atherosclerotic Tissue But Are Not Associated With Myocardial Infarction Anders Mälarstig, Snaevar Sigurdsson, Per Eriksson, Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne, Ulf Hedin, Lars Wallentin, Agneta Siegbahn, Anders Hamsten, and Ann-Christine Syvänen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:975-982; published online before print March 6 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.163733 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials
	Association Analysis of Allelic Variants of USF1 in Coronary Atherosclerosis Kati Kristiansson, Erkki Ilveskoski, Terho Lehtimäki, Leena Peltonen, Markus Perola, and Pekka J. Karhunen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:983-989; published online before print February 14 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.156463 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement USF1 is well established as a gene associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia. Our findings in a unique autopsy series of middle-aged men provide evidence that USF1 contributes to coronary atherosclerosis, the pathological arterial wall phenotype resulting in CHD and in its most dramatic consequence--sudden cardiac death.
	Promotor Polymorphisms in Leukotriene C₄ Synthase and Risk of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease Jacob J. Freiberg, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Henrik Sillesen, Gorm B. Jensen, and Børge G. Nordestgaard Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:990-996; published online before print February 14 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.158873 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Leukotrienes are involved in innate immunity and inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that the -1072 G/A and -444 A/C polymorphisms of the leukotriene C4 synthase associate with risk of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. These leukotriene C4 synthase genotypes predicted 3-fold increased and 40% reduced risk of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
	Gender Differences in Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Cardiovascular Risk Profile: The Role of Female Estrogens Gian Paolo Fadini, Saula de Kreutzenberg, Mattia Albiero, Anna Coracina, Elisa Pagnin, Ilenia Baesso, Andrea Cignarella, Chiara Bolego, Mario Plebani, Giovanni B. Nardelli, Saverio Sartore, Carlo Agostini, and Angelo Avogaro Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:997-1004; published online before print February 14 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.159558 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials We provide evidence that fertile women have a larger pool of circulating endothelial progenitors than men. This may be attributed to the cyclic bone marrow mobilization during menstrual cycle. Thanks to estrogens, female EPCs also display better function and higher vasculogenic properties than male EPCs.
	A Potential Role of the CXC Chemokine GRO ${alpha}$ in Atherosclerosis and Plaque Destabilization: Downregulatory Effects of Statins Unni M. Breland, Bente Halvorsen, Johanna Hol, Erik Øie, Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne, Arne Yndestad, Camilla Smith, Kari Otterdal, Ulf Hedin, Torgun Wæhre, Wiggo J. Sandberg, Stig S. Frøland, Guttorm Haraldsen, Lars Gullestad, Jan K. Damås, Gøran K. Hansson, and Pål Aukrust Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1005-1011; published online before print February 14 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162305 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials The involvement of CXCR2 in atherogenesis is well recognized, thought to reflect interaction with interleukin-8. In the present study we found another CXCR2 ligand (ie, GRO{alpha}) to be significantly upregulated in human atherosclerosis both in circulating leukocytes and within the atherosclerotic lesion, potentially promoting matrix degradation, lipid accumulation, and inflammation.
	Associations of Dyslipidemias From Childhood to Adulthood With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Elasticity, and Brachial Flow-Mediated Dilatation in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study Markus Juonala, Jorma S.A. Viikari, Tapani Rönnemaa, Jukka Marniemi, Antti Jula, Britt-Marie Loo, and Olli T. Raitakari Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1012-1017; published online before print February 28 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.163329 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Dyslipidemias are the major cause for atherosclerosis. In the present study, we examined the effects of dyslipidemias from childhood to adulthood and their interaction with nonlipid risk factors on markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. Our findings suggest that type IIb dyslipidemia has deleterious effects on vasculature already since childhood.
	Coffee Consumption and Coronary Calcification: The Rotterdam Coronary Calcification Study Geertruida J. van Woudenbergh, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Frank J.A. van Rooij, Albert Hofman, Matthijs Oudkerk, Jacqueline C.M. Witteman, and Johanna M. Geleijnse Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1018-1023; published online before print March 6 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.160457 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The relation of coffee intake with coronary calcification was examined in 1570 older Dutch subjects. In smoking and nonsmoking women, coffee intake was strongly inversely related to severe coronary calcification. In smoking men, however, a direct relationship was observed. The effect of coffee on coronary calcification, and the interaction with gender and smoking, warrant further study.
	Accumulation of Zinc in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions Correlates With Calcium Levels But Does Not Protect Against Protein Oxidation Nadina Stadler, Naomi Stanley, Sylvia Heeneman, Vladimir Vacata, Mat J.A.P. Daemen, Paul G. Bannon, Johannes Waltenberger, and Michael J. Davies Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1024-1030; published online before print February 28 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162735 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Oxidation of lipids and proteins has been linked to the development of atherosclerosis; zinc has been proposed as a protective agent. Zinc levels are elevated in advanced lesions but correlate positively with iron concentrations and do not correlate with protein oxidation markers, indicating that zinc does not prevent protein oxidation.
	Corrections
	Correction Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:e31, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.123456 Extract \| Full Text \| PDF

Spotlight

TOC Spotlight File

Volume 28, Issue 5; May 1, 2008

Key: VB = Vascular Biology AL = Atherosclerosis/Lipoproteins TH = Thrombosis

Editorials

Recipients of the 2008 New Investigator Awards

Nanomedicine Captures Cardiovascular Disease

The Adult Epicardium: Realizing the Potential for Neovascular Therapy

Cysteinyl-Leukotrienes in Cerebrovascular Disease: Angels and Demons?

Expanding the Concept of Telomere Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease

HDL, PTX3, and Vascular Protection

Brief Reviews

Role of Smooth Muscle Cells in the Initiation and Early Progression of Atherosclerosis

Integrative Physiology/Experimental Medicine

Angiopoietin-Related Growth Factor Enhances Blood Flow Via Activation of the ERK1/2-eNOS-NO Pathway in a Mouse Hind-Limb Ischemia Model

Sequential Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Transforming Growth Factor β in Arterial Elastocalcinosis

Integrated Physiology/Experimental Medicine

Intramural Delivery of Rapamycin With vβ3-Targeted Paramagnetic Nanoparticles Inhibits Stenosis After Balloon Injury

Suppression of the Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling Cascade and Inhibition of Angiogenesis by the Carboxyl Terminus of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4

Prokineticin Receptor-1 Induces Neovascularization and Epicardial-Derived Progenitor Cell Differentiation

Site-Specific Atherogenic Gene Expression Correlates With Subsequent Variable Lesion Development in Coronary and Peripheral Vasculature

Adiponectin Protects Against Angiotensin II–Induced Cardiac Fibrosis Through Activation of PPAR-

Effects of Statins on Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Their Inhibitory Effect on MyD88-Independent IRF3/IFN-β Pathway in Macrophages

Cell Biology and Signaling

AP-1–Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of NADPH Oxidase in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells: Role of p22phox Subunit

Gas6–Axl Receptor Signaling Is Regulated by Glucose in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

GIT1 Mediates HDAC5 Activation by Angiotensin II in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Adiponectin Protects Against Angiotensin II or Tumor Necrosis Factor –Induced Endothelial Cell Monolayer Hyperpermeability: Role of cAMP/PKA Signaling

Human Stanniocalcin-1 Blocks TNF-–Induced Monolayer Permeability in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells

CNGA2 Channels Mediate Adenosine-Induced Ca2+ Influx in Vascular Endothelial Cells

Differential Regulation of VEGF Signaling by PKC- and PKC- in Endothelial Cells

Long Pentraxin 3, a Key Component of Innate Immunity, Is Modulated by High-Density Lipoproteins in Endothelial Cells

Induction of CXCR2 Receptor by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor in Human Macrophages

Clinical and Population Studies

Dilation-Dependent Activation of Platelets and Prothrombin in Human Thoracic Ascending Aortic Aneurysm

Tissue Factor in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: Expression in Platelets, Leukocytes, and Platelet-Leukocyte Aggregates

Impact of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine on Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Independently Predicts Fatal and Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Women: 24-Year Follow-Up of the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg

Telomere Gap Between Granulocytes and Lymphocytes Is a Determinant for Hematopoetic Progenitor Cell Impairment in Patients With Previous Myocardial Infarction

Variants of the Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 Gene Regulate Expression of IRF5 mRNA in Atherosclerotic Tissue But Are Not Associated With Myocardial Infarction

Association Analysis of Allelic Variants of USF1 in Coronary Atherosclerosis

Promotor Polymorphisms in Leukotriene C4 Synthase and Risk of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease

Gender Differences in Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Cardiovascular Risk Profile: The Role of Female Estrogens

A Potential Role of the CXC Chemokine GRO in Atherosclerosis and Plaque Destabilization: Downregulatory Effects of Statins

Associations of Dyslipidemias From Childhood to Adulthood With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Elasticity, and Brachial Flow-Mediated Dilatation in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

Coffee Consumption and Coronary Calcification: The Rotterdam Coronary Calcification Study

Accumulation of Zinc in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions Correlates With Calcium Levels But Does Not Protect Against Protein Oxidation

Corrections

Correction

Spotlight

Intramural Delivery of Rapamycin With ${alpha}$ _vβ₃-Targeted Paramagnetic Nanoparticles Inhibits Stenosis After Balloon Injury

Adiponectin Protects Against Angiotensin II–Induced Cardiac Fibrosis Through Activation of PPAR- ${alpha}$

AP-1–Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of NADPH Oxidase in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells: Role of p22^phox Subunit

Adiponectin Protects Against Angiotensin II or Tumor Necrosis Factor ${alpha}$ –Induced Endothelial Cell Monolayer Hyperpermeability: Role of cAMP/PKA Signaling

Human Stanniocalcin-1 Blocks TNF- ${alpha}$ –Induced Monolayer Permeability in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells

CNGA2 Channels Mediate Adenosine-Induced Ca²⁺ Influx in Vascular Endothelial Cells

Differential Regulation of VEGF Signaling by PKC- ${alpha}$ and PKC- ${epsilon}$ in Endothelial Cells

Induction of CXCR2 Receptor by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor ${gamma}$ in Human Macrophages

Promotor Polymorphisms in Leukotriene C₄ Synthase and Risk of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease

A Potential Role of the CXC Chemokine GRO ${alpha}$ in Atherosclerosis and Plaque Destabilization: Downregulatory Effects of Statins