Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology -- Table of Contents (28 [4])

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Volume 28, Issue 4; April 1, 2008

Editorials
Brief Reviews
Integrative Physiology/Experimental Medicine
Cell Biology/Signaling
Letters to the Editor
Corrections
Clinical and Population Studies

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	Editorials
	Does Tissue Factor Expression by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Provide a Link Between C-Reactive Protein and Cardiovascular Disease? Nigel Mackman and Mark B. Taubman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:601-603, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.165050 Full Text \| PDF
	VEGFR1 for Lymphangiogenesis: An Alternative Signaling Pathway? Yasufumi Sato Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:604-605, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162032 Full Text \| PDF
	Vascular Calcification in Homozygote Familial Hypercholesterolemia Joel D. Morrisett and Kasey C. Vickers Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:606-607, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.163378 Full Text \| PDF
	More Sugar, Less Blood Vessels: Another Piece in the Puzzle of Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Christian Rask-Madsen and George L. King Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:608-610, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162057 Full Text \| PDF
	Serum or Plasma Samples?: The "Cinderella" Role of Blood Collection Procedures Preanalytical Methodological Issues Influence the Release and Activity of Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors, Hampering Diagnostic Trueness and Leading to Misinterpretation Ferdinando Mannello Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:611-614, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.159608 Full Text \| PDF
	Brief Reviews
	CD47: A New Target in Cardiovascular Therapy Jeff S. Isenberg, David D. Roberts, and William A. Frazier Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:615-621; published online before print January 10 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.158154 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF
	Final Common Molecular Pathways of Aging and Cardiovascular Disease: Role of the p66^Shc Protein Francesco Cosentino, Pietro Francia, Giovanni G. Camici, Pier Giuseppe Pelicci, Massimo Volpe, and Thomas F. Lüscher Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:622-628; published online before print December 27 2007, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.156059 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Mice carrying a targeted mutation of the p66Shc gene display reduced production of intracellular oxidants, increased resistance to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, prolonged lifespan, and are protected against vascular, cardiac, and renal impairment attributable to hypercholesterolemia, aging, diabetes, and ischemia/reperfusion. The present review focuses on the biochemical function of the p66Shc adaptor protein as well as on the mechanisms linking p66Shc to the pathophysiology of aging and cardiovascular disease.
	Metabolic Syndrome Pandemic Scott M. Grundy Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:629-636; published online before print January 3 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.151092 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials The metabolic syndrome represents a clustering of metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The available evidence indicates that in most countries between 20% and 30% of the adult population has the metabolic syndrome. Because of this relatively high prevalence, the metabolic syndrome accounts for an increasing proportion of cardiovascular risk worldwide.
	Integrative Physiology/Experimental Medicine
	Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Tissue Engineered Human Smooth Muscle Cell Sheets Kyoko Hobo, Tatsuya Shimizu, Hidekazu Sekine, Toshiharu Shin’oka, Teruo Okano, and Hiromi Kurosawa Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:637-643; published online before print January 17 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.151829 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials We developed tissue engineered cell sheets which can be transplanted en bloc to provide a stable and localizable biological effect in ischemic tissue. Smooth muscle cell sheets transplantation result in significantly enhanced angiogenesis and blood perfusion through the secretion of angiogenic factors and integration with newly formed vessels.
	Ex Vivo Priming of Endothelial Progenitor Cells With SDF-1 Before Transplantation Could Increase Their Proangiogenic Potential Faouzia Zemani, Jean-Sébastien Silvestre, Françoise Fauvel-Lafeve, Arlette Bruel, José Vilar, Ivan Bieche, Ingrid Laurendeau, Isabelle Galy-Fauroux, Anne Marie Fischer, and Catherine Boisson-Vidal Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:644-650; published online before print January 31 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.160044 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials EPC exposure to SDF-1 for 30 min induced a proangiogenic phenotype, enhancing not only the ability of these cells to adhere to activated endothelium but also promoting tube formation, via integrin-, CXCR4-, and HSPGs-dependent mechanisms. Subsequently, SDF-1-treated EPCs displayed a marked therapeutic potential in a model of mice hindlimb ischemia.
	Protein Modification by O-Linked GlcNAc Reduces Angiogenesis by Inhibiting Akt Activity in Endothelial Cells Bai Luo, Yudi Soesanto, and Donald A. McClain Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:651-657; published online before print January 3 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.159533 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Angiogenesis is impaired in diabetes. Here, we demonstrate that elevated O-GlcNAc levels inhibit vascular sprouting from mouse aortic rings and migration and capillary-like structure formation of endothelial cells. Akt signaling plays a key role in this O-GlcNAc-mediated angiogenesis regulation.
	VEGFR1 Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Promotes Lymphangiogenesis as Well as Angiogenesis Indirectly via Macrophage Recruitment Masato Murakami, Yujuan Zheng, Masanori Hirashima, Toshio Suda, Yohei Morita, Jun Ooehara, Hideo Ema, Guo-Hua Fong, and Masabumi Shibuya Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:658-664; published online before print January 3 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.150433 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Vegf-A transgenic (Tg) mice show not only angiogenesis but also lymphangiogenesis. To examine how important the tyrosine kinase (TK) of VEGFR1 in lymphangiogenesis, we crossed them with VEGFR1-TK-deficient mice. Double mutant mice demonstrated a remarkable decrease in lymphangiogenesis. We found that VEGFR1-signaling promotes lymphangiogenesis indirectly via macrophage recruitment.
	SM16, an Orally Active TGF-β Type I Receptor Inhibitor Prevents Myofibroblast Induction and Vascular Fibrosis in the Rat Carotid Injury Model Kai Fu, Michael J. Corbley, Lihong Sun, Jessica E. Friedman, Feng Shan, James L. Papadatos, Donald Costa, Frank Lutterodt, Harry Sweigard, Scott Bowes, Michael Choi, P. Ann Boriack-Sjodin, Robert M. Arduini, Dongyu Sun, Miki N. Newman, Xiamei Zhang, Jonathan N. Mead, Claudio E. Chuaqui, H. -Kam Cheung, Xin Zhang, Mark Cornebise, Mary Beth Carter, Serene Josiah, Juswinder Singh, Wen-Cherng Lee, Alan Gill, and Leona E. Ling Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:665-671; published online before print January 17 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.158030 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials
	Inhibition of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1: Its Mechanism and Effectiveness on Coagulation and Fibrosis Yuko Izuhara, Satoru Takahashi, Masaomi Nangaku, Shunya Takizawa, Hideyuki Ishida, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Charles van Ypersele de Strihou, Noriaki Hirayama, and Toshio Miyata Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:672-677; published online before print January 31 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.157479 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials We identify novel orally active molecules able to enter, as a mock compound, into the strand 4 position (s4A) of the A β-sheet in plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1. In vitro they specifically inhibit the PAI-1 activity. In vivo, the most efficient molecule (TM5007) inhibits coagulation and prevents the fibrotic process.
	Role for Staphylococci in Misguided Thrombus Resolution of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Diana Bonderman, Johannes Jakowitsch, Bassam Redwan, Helga Bergmeister, Maria-Klara Renner, Heidi Panzenböck, Christopher Adlbrecht, Apostolos Georgopoulos, Walter Klepetko, Meinhard Kneussl, and Irene M. Lang Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:678-684; published online before print January 31 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.156000 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Mechanisms underlying thrombus persistence in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are unknown. In the present work, we analyzed human surgical CTEPH specimens and experimental murine venous thrombi. Our findings suggest a pivotal role for bacterial infection in the fibrotic organization process and persistence of thrombotic material in CTEPH.
	Dietary Cholesterol Worsens Adipose Tissue Macrophage Accumulation and Atherosclerosis in Obese LDL Receptor–Deficient Mice Savitha Subramanian, Chang Yeop Han, Tsuyoshi Chiba, Timothy S. McMillen, Shari A. Wang, Antonio Haw, III, Elizabeth A. Kirk, Kevin D. O’Brien, and Alan Chait Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:685-691; published online before print January 31 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.157685 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials The role of dietary cholesterol has been controversial. Here we show that cholesterol added to a diet rich in saturated fat and carbohydrates increases macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue, worsens insulin resistance, induces a heightened state of chronic inflammation, and increases atherosclerosis in LDLR-/- mice.
	Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Overexpression Enhances Insulin Sensitivity Karsten Sydow, Carl E. Mondon, Joerg Schrader, Hakuoh Konishi, and John P. Cooke Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:692-697; published online before print January 31 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162073 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We hypothesized that a reduction in the endogenous NOS inhibitor ADMA by overexpression of the DDAH enzyme would increase NO synthesis and thereby enhance insulin sensitivity. In response to a glucose load, the DDAH transgenic mouse manifested greater insulin sensitivity, mediated in part by enhanced hepatic or skeletal muscle response to insulin. ADMA may be a new target for treatment of insulin resistance.
	Cell Biology/Signaling
	C-Reactive Protein Enhances Tissue Factor Expression by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Mechanisms and In Vivo Significance Jianbo Wu, Meredith J. Stevenson, Jordan M. Brown, Elizabeth A. Grunz, Tammy L. Strawn, and William P. Fay Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:698-704; published online before print February 14 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.160903 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials We show that upregulation of C-reactive protein (CRP) expression increases tissue factor (TF) expression while decreasing TF pathway inhibitor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Induction of TF expression by CRP is mediated by Fc{gamma} receptor IIIa, p44/42 MAP kinase, and reactive oxygen species generation.
	Prothrombotic Gene Expression Profile in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Human Saphenous Vein, but Not Internal Mammary Artery S.K. Payeli, R. Latini, C. Gebhard, A. Patrignani, U. Wagner, T.F. Lüscher, and F.C. Tanner Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:705-710; published online before print February 7 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.155333 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Expression profiles of coagulation genes were analyzed by Affymetrix microarrays in vascular smooth muscle cells from internal mammary artery (IMA) versus saphenous vein (SV). TF expression was lower in IMA than SV, whereas tPA was higher. This pattern is consistent with protection of IMA from thrombus formation and vascular remodeling.
	PARP-1 Inhibition Prevents Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress–Induced Endothelial Cell Death via Transactivation of the VEGF Receptor 2 Marlene T. Mathews and Bradford C. Berk Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:711-717; published online before print January 31 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.156406 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials PARP-1, a DNA repair enzyme activated by oxidative and nitrosative stress, consumes cellular energy and precipitates endothelial cell death. Here we show that PARP-1 inhibition prevents ROS- and RNS-induced HUVEC death not only by maintaining cellular energy, but also through a novel mechanism via VEGFR2, Akt, and Bad phosphorylation.
	A New Mechanism Involving ERK Contributes to Rosiglitazone Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor- ${alpha}$ and Interferon- ${gamma}$ Inflammatory Effects in Human Endothelial Cells Adriana Lombardi, Giulia Cantini, Elisabetta Piscitelli, Stefania Gelmini, Michela Francalanci, Tommaso Mello, Elisabetta Ceni, Gabriele Varano, Gianni Forti, Mario Rotondi, Andrea Galli, Mario Serio, and Michaela Luconi Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:718-724; published online before print January 31 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.160713 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials We demonstrate that TNF{alpha} and IFN{gamma} proinflammatory effects, such as upregulation of IP10 secretion, fractalkine, and adhesion molecule expression, are partially prevented by RGZ in human microvascular endothelial cells through a novel rapid nongenomic mechanism involving the ability of this molecule to inhibit ERK activation/phosphorylation.
	Cross Talk Among Smad, MAPK, and Integrin Signaling Pathways Enhances Adventitial Fibroblast Functions Activated by Transforming Growth Factor–β1 and Inhibited by Gax Ping Liu, Cheng Zhang, Jin Bo Feng, Yu Xia Zhao, Xu Ping Wang, Jian Min Yang, Ming Xiang Zhang, Xing Li Wang, and Yun Zhang Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:725-731; published online before print January 10 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.159889 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials We investigated whether Smad, MAPK, and integrin signaling pathways cross-talk to enhance adventitial fibroblast (AF) bioactivity activated by TGF-β1. We found Gax counteracted TGF-β1 effects, blocked the cross-talk of these pathways, and inhibited AF functions. Thus, Gax is a promising therapeutic gene for dissecting the signaling pathways controlling AF bioactivities.
	Suppressing PTEN Activity by Tobacco Smoke Plus Interleukin-1β Modulates Dissociation of VE-Cadherin/β-Catenin Complexes in Endothelium Silvia S. Barbieri, Luca Ruggiero, Elena Tremoli, and Babette B. Weksler Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:732-738; published online before print January 17 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.159434 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Tobacco smoke (TS) cooperates with interleukin-1β to accelerate and enhance endothelial dysfunction. Our study shows that PTEN deactivation induced by TS plus IL-1β modulates tyrosine phosphorylation and destabilizes VE-cadherin/β-catenin complexes. Therefore, pharmacological inhibitors of PTEN-deactivation may represent potential therapeutic tools to prevent endothelial-related vascular disorders.
	Far Infrared Therapy Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Inflammation via the Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 Chih-Ching Lin, Xiao-Ming Liu, Kelly Peyton, Hong Wang, Wu-Chang Yang, Shing-Jong Lin, and William Durante Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:739-745; published online before print January 17 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.160085 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Far infrared (FIR) therapy improves survival of arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We now report that FIR radiation stimulates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in endothelial cell and that the induction of HO-1 confers antiinflammatory actions that may underlie the beneficial effects of FIR therapy.
	High Glucose Enhances Transient Receptor Potential Channel Canonical Type 6–Dependent Calcium Influx in Human Platelets via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase–Dependent Pathway Daoyan Liu, Alexandra Maier, Alexandra Scholze, Ursula Rauch, Ulrike Boltzen, Zhigang Zhao, Zhiming Zhu, and Martin Tepel Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:746-751; published online before print February 7 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162222 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We tested the hypothesis that hyperglycemia increases transient receptor potential canonical type 6 (TRPC6) channel expression and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG)-induced calcium entry in human platelets. Glucose significantly enhanced the OAG-induced calcium influx and TRPC6 expression, which was attenuated by inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, wortmannin or LY294002.
	Letters to the Editor
	Reactive Hyperemia Revisited Daniela Calderaro, Maristela C. Monachini, Carolina L.Z. Vieira, Pai Ching Yu, Danielle M. Gualandro, Andre C. Marques, and Bruno Caramelli Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:e23-e24, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.158931 Full Text \| PDF
	Reactive Hyperemia Revisited Alex L. Huang and Joseph A. Vita Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:e25, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.159525 Full Text \| PDF
	Is Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase a Biomarker of Xenobiotics, Which Are Conjugated by Glutathione? Duk-Hee Lee, Myron D. Gross, Michael W. Steffes, and David R. Jacobs, Jr Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:e26-e28, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.159376 Full Text \| PDF
	Is Serum-Glutamylatransferase a Biomarker of Xenobiotics Which Are Conjugated by Glutathione? A. Fraser, N. Sattar, S. Ebrahim, and D.A. Lawlor Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:e29, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.161299 Full Text \| PDF
	Corrections
	Correction Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:e30, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.154864 Full Text \| PDF
	Clinical and Population Studies
	C242T Polymorphism of NADPH Oxidase p22phox and Recurrence of Cardiovascular Events in Coronary Artery Disease Marcello Arca, Beatrice Conti, Anna Montali, Pasquale Pignatelli, Filomena Campagna, Francesco Barillà, Gaetano Tanzilli, Roberto Verna, Annarita Vestri, Carlo Gaudio, and Francesco Violi Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:752-757; published online before print January 31 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.154823 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials The C242T SNP in the p22phox gene was evaluated in 213 coronary patients during a median 7.8-year follow-up; the occurrence of cardiovascular events was lower in CT/TT than in CC carriers. These data suggest a role for oxidative stress in the recurrence of cardiovascular events in coronary patients.
	Fibrinogen Genes and Myocardial Infarction: A Haplotype Analysis Werner Koch, Petra Hoppmann, Janita Biele, Jakob C. Mueller, Albert Schömig, and Adnan Kastrati Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:758-763; published online before print January 17 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.157842 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials There is no clear evidence for a role of variations in the genes coding for the fibrinogen-{alpha}, fibrinogen-β, and fibrinogen-{gamma} polypeptide chains in atherosclerotic diseases. We examined 2 large case-control samples and found that haplotypes based on single nucleotide polymorphisms in the fibrinogen gene region on chromosome 4 were not associated with myocardial infarction.
	Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor 1166C Polymorphism Is Associated With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Three Independent Cohorts Gregory T. Jones, Andrew R. Thompson, Frank M. van Bockxmeer, Hany Hafez, Jackie A. Cooper, Jonathan Golledge, Stephen E. Humphries, Paul E. Norman, and Andre M. van Rij Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:764-770; published online before print January 31 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.155564 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF This study examined common genetic variants of the renin angiotensin system previously associated with susceptibility to atherosclerosis to determine whether they play any role in AAA susceptibility. A strong and repeated association between the AGTR1 1166C allele and susceptibility to AAA was identified in 3 geographically distinct case-control cohorts.
	Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Complex Subunit 1 (VKORC1) Polymorphism and Aortic Calcification: The Rotterdam Study M. Teichert, L.E. Visser, R.H.N. van Schaik, A. Hofman, A.G. Uitterlinden, P.A.G. M. De Smet, J.C.M. Witteman, and B.H.Ch. Stricker Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:771-776; published online before print January 24 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.159913 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Besides effects on hemostasis, vitamin K-dependent proteins play a role in bone mineralization and arterial calcification. We investigated the association between the VKORC1 1173C>T polymorphism and calcification of the aortic far wall in Whites. The T-allele of this polymorphism was significantly associated with a higher risk of aortic calcification.
	Vascular Calcifications in Homozygote Familial Hypercholesterolemia Z. Awan, K. Alrasadi, G.A. Francis, R.A. Hegele, R. McPherson, J. Frohlich, D. Valenti, B. de Varennes, M. Marcil, C. Gagne, J. Genest, and P. Couture Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:777-785; published online before print January 31 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.160408 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials We examined 25 patients (mean age 32 years; range 5 to 54) with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Baseline cholesterol was 19{+/-}5 mmol/L (737{+/-}206 mg/dL). We documented premature severe aortic calcifications quantified using computed tomography (CT) in all adult hmzFH patients studied. An elevated mean calcium score was found in patients by age 20.
	Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Activity in Type 2 Diabetes: A Different Relationship With Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy Laima Brazionis, Kevin Rowley, Alicia Jenkins, Catherine Itsiopoulos, and Kerin O’Dea Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:786-791; published online before print January 31 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.160168 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF
	Leukocyte Activation by Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins Arash Alipour, Antonie J.H. H.M van Oostrom, Alisa Izraeljan, Caroline Verseyden, Jennifer M. Collins, Keith N. Frayn, Thijs W.M. Plokker, Jan Willem F. Elte, and Manuel Castro Cabezas Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:792-797; published online before print January 24 2008, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.159749 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Additional Materials Leukocyte activation by TRLs by membrane-associated CD11b and CD66b was shown. Uptake of meal-derived fatty acids by leukocytes and apoB binding on neutrophils and monocytes was also demonstrated. Hypertriglyceridemia is a leukocyte activator most likely by binding of TRLs to leukocytes and uptake of dietary fatty acids.

Spotlight

TOC Spotlight File

Volume 28, Issue 4; April 1, 2008

Editorials

Does Tissue Factor Expression by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Provide a Link Between C-Reactive Protein and Cardiovascular Disease?

VEGFR1 for Lymphangiogenesis: An Alternative Signaling Pathway?

Vascular Calcification in Homozygote Familial Hypercholesterolemia

More Sugar, Less Blood Vessels: Another Piece in the Puzzle of Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes

Serum or Plasma Samples?: The "Cinderella" Role of Blood Collection Procedures Preanalytical Methodological Issues Influence the Release and Activity of Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors, Hampering Diagnostic Trueness and Leading to Misinterpretation

Brief Reviews

CD47: A New Target in Cardiovascular Therapy

Final Common Molecular Pathways of Aging and Cardiovascular Disease: Role of the p66Shc Protein

Metabolic Syndrome Pandemic

Integrative Physiology/Experimental Medicine

Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Tissue Engineered Human Smooth Muscle Cell Sheets

Ex Vivo Priming of Endothelial Progenitor Cells With SDF-1 Before Transplantation Could Increase Their Proangiogenic Potential

Protein Modification by O-Linked GlcNAc Reduces Angiogenesis by Inhibiting Akt Activity in Endothelial Cells

VEGFR1 Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Promotes Lymphangiogenesis as Well as Angiogenesis Indirectly via Macrophage Recruitment

SM16, an Orally Active TGF-β Type I Receptor Inhibitor Prevents Myofibroblast Induction and Vascular Fibrosis in the Rat Carotid Injury Model

Inhibition of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1: Its Mechanism and Effectiveness on Coagulation and Fibrosis

Role for Staphylococci in Misguided Thrombus Resolution of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Dietary Cholesterol Worsens Adipose Tissue Macrophage Accumulation and Atherosclerosis in Obese LDL Receptor–Deficient Mice

Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Overexpression Enhances Insulin Sensitivity

Cell Biology/Signaling

C-Reactive Protein Enhances Tissue Factor Expression by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Mechanisms and In Vivo Significance

Prothrombotic Gene Expression Profile in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Human Saphenous Vein, but Not Internal Mammary Artery

PARP-1 Inhibition Prevents Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress–Induced Endothelial Cell Death via Transactivation of the VEGF Receptor 2

A New Mechanism Involving ERK Contributes to Rosiglitazone Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor- and Interferon- Inflammatory Effects in Human Endothelial Cells

Cross Talk Among Smad, MAPK, and Integrin Signaling Pathways Enhances Adventitial Fibroblast Functions Activated by Transforming Growth Factor–β1 and Inhibited by Gax

Suppressing PTEN Activity by Tobacco Smoke Plus Interleukin-1β Modulates Dissociation of VE-Cadherin/β-Catenin Complexes in Endothelium

Far Infrared Therapy Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Inflammation via the Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1

High Glucose Enhances Transient Receptor Potential Channel Canonical Type 6–Dependent Calcium Influx in Human Platelets via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase–Dependent Pathway

Letters to the Editor

Reactive Hyperemia Revisited

Reactive Hyperemia Revisited

Is Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase a Biomarker of Xenobiotics, Which Are Conjugated by Glutathione?

Is Serum-Glutamylatransferase a Biomarker of Xenobiotics Which Are Conjugated by Glutathione?

Corrections

Correction

Clinical and Population Studies

C242T Polymorphism of NADPH Oxidase p22phox and Recurrence of Cardiovascular Events in Coronary Artery Disease

Fibrinogen Genes and Myocardial Infarction: A Haplotype Analysis

Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor 1166C Polymorphism Is Associated With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Three Independent Cohorts

Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Complex Subunit 1 (VKORC1) Polymorphism and Aortic Calcification: The Rotterdam Study

Vascular Calcifications in Homozygote Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Activity in Type 2 Diabetes: A Different Relationship With Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy

Leukocyte Activation by Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins

Spotlight

Final Common Molecular Pathways of Aging and Cardiovascular Disease: Role of the p66^Shc Protein

A New Mechanism Involving ERK Contributes to Rosiglitazone Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor- ${alpha}$ and Interferon- ${gamma}$ Inflammatory Effects in Human Endothelial Cells