Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology -- Table of Contents (27 [1])

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Volume 27, Issue 1; January 1, 2007

Editorials
Brief Reviews
Vascular Biology
Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
Thrombosis
Letters to the Editor
Acknowledgment of Reviewers
News From the American Heart Association
Meetings Calendar

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	Editorials
	Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 1999–2007 Donald D. Heistad for the Editors Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:1-3, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000254152.71507.89. Full Text \| PDF
	Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase: Another Biomarker for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Scott M. Grundy Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:4-7, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000253905.13219.4b. Full Text \| PDF
	Homocysteinylation of Metallothionein Impairs Intracellular Redox Homeostasis: The Enemy Within! Stephen M. Colgan and Richard C. Austin Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:8-11, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000254151.00086.26. Full Text \| PDF
	Nox 4 Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation Marker Gene Expression Hamid Deliri and Coleen A. McNamara Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:12-14, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000254154.43871.50. Full Text \| PDF
	Brief Reviews
	Biomarkers of Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability and Rupture Wolfgang Koenig and Natalie Khuseyinova Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:15-26; published online before print November 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251503.35795.4f. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Basic research over the last two decades has identified a large number of biomarkers of atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture, which carry important prognostic information and might be useful in improving risk stratification in the future. To date, however, none of them can be recommended for routine clinical use.
	The Roles of Proteinase-Activated Receptors in the Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology Katsuya Hirano Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:27-36; published online before print November 9 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251995.73307.2d. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) play critical roles in vascular physiology and pathophysiology. The receptor upregulation is considered to be a key step in contributing to vascular lesion development and pathophysiology of vascular diseases. Elucidating the molecular mechanism regulating PARs expression is thus the next important step in PARs research.
	The Vasohibin Family: A Negative Regulatory System of Angiogenesis Genetically Programmed in Endothelial Cells Yasufumi Sato and Hikaru Sonoda Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:37-41; published online before print November 9 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000252062.48280.61. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Genomic regulation of angiogenesis inhibition remains to be established. We recently isolated a novel endothelium-derived angiogenesis inhibitor and named it vasohibin. Our discovery of vasohibin as an endothelium-derived VEGF-inducible angiogenesis inhibitor should shed light on the genomic basis of he negative regulation of angiogenesis.
	Vascular Biology
	Nox4 Is Required for Maintenance of the Differentiated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Roza E. Clempus, Dan Sorescu, Anna E. Dikalova, Lily Pounkova, Patricia Jo, George P. Sorescu, Bernard Lassègue, and Kathy K. Griendling Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:42-48; published online before print November 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251500.94478.18. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The mechanisms responsible for maintaining the differentiated phenotype of adult vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are incompletely understood. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in VSMC differentiation, but the responsible sources are unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Nox1 and Nox4-derived ROS in this process.
	Targeting of Metallothionein by L-Homocysteine: A Novel Mechanism for Disruption of Zinc and Redox Homeostasis John C. Barbato, Otilia Catanescu, Kelsey Murray, Patricia M. DiBello, and Donald W. Jacobsen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:49-54; published online before print November 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251536.49581.8a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We hypothesized that metallothionein, a ubiquitous intracellular zinc-chaperone and superoxide anion radical scavenger, reacts with L-homocysteine and that homocysteinylated-metallothionein suffers loss of function. These studies provide the first evidence that L-homocysteine targets intracellular metallothionein by forming a mixed-disulfide conjugate and that loss of function occurs after homocysteinylation. The data support a novel mechanism for disruption of zinc and redox homeostasis.
	The CX₃C Chemokine Fractalkine Induces Vascular Dysfunction by Generation of Superoxide Anions Andreas Schäfer, Christian Schulz, Daniela Fraccarollo, Piet Tas, Meike Leutke, Martin Eigenthaler, Stefan Seidl, Peter Heider, Georg Ertl, Steffen Massberg, and Johann Bauersachs Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:55-62; published online before print November 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251535.30191.60. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We investigated direct effects of fractalkine on vascular function. We demonstrate increased superoxide formation and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability in rat aorta by fractalkine. Induction of vascular dysfunction could provide an alternate mechanism by which fractalkine exerts its pro-atherosclerotic effects.
	Activation of PPARß/ ${delta}$ Induces Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis Laura Piqueras, Andrew R. Reynolds, Kairbaan M. Hodivala-Dilke, Arántzazu Alfranca, Juan M. Redondo, Toshihisa Hatae, Tadashi Tanabe, Timothy D. Warner, and David Bishop-Bailey Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:63-69; published online before print October 26 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000250972.83623.61. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement PPARß/{delta} is expressed in vascular endothelial cells; however, its roles remain unclear. The PPARß/{delta} ligand GW501516 induced endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis. The clinical use of GW501516 in dyslipidemia may therefore need to be monitored for angiogenic processes.
	Leptin Regulates Neointima Formation After Arterial Injury Through Mechanisms Independent of Blood Pressure and the Leptin Receptor/STAT3 Signaling Pathways Involved in Energy Balance Peter F. Bodary, Yuechun Shen, Miina Öhman, Kristina L. Bahrou, Fernando B. Vargas, Sarah S. Cudney, Kevin J. Wickenheiser, Martin G. Myers, Jr, and Daniel T. Eitzman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:70-76; published online before print November 9 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000252068.89775.ee. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Elevated levels of leptin have been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. We demonstrate that mice deficient in leptin or leptin receptor are protected from neointimal formation. This effect is mediated by a non-bone marrow-derived leptin receptor pool and by signaling pathways independent of those responsible for energy balance.
	Thiol-Related Genes in Diabetic Complications: A Novel Protective Role for Endogenous Thioredoxin 2 Mingyu Liang and Jennifer L. Pietrusz Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:77-83; published online before print October 26 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251006.54632.bb. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement There is emerging evidence that cellular thiols may be importantly involved in diabetic complications. We systematically determined the expression level of 11 thiol-related genes in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Thioredoxin 2, a mitochondrion thioredoxin suppressed in the aorta by diabetes, was found to protect human endothelial cells from high ambient glucose.
	Role of the Toll-like Receptor 4/NF- ${kappa}$ B Pathway in Saturated Fatty Acid–Induced Inflammatory Changes in the Interaction Between Adipocytes and Macrophages Takayoshi Suganami, Kanami Tanimoto-Koyama, Junko Nishida, Michiko Itoh, Xunmei Yuan, Shinji Mizuarai, Hidehito Kotani, Shoji Yamaoka, Kensuke Miyake, Seiichiro Aoe, Yasutomi Kamei, and Yoshihiro Ogawa Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:84-91; published online before print November 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251608.09329.9a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Using an in vitro coculture system composed of adipocytes and macrophages, we demonstrate that saturated FAs, which are released in large quantities from hypertrophied adipocytes via the macrophage-induced adipocyte lipolysis, serve as a naturally occurring ligand for TLR4, thereby inducing the inflammatory changes in both adipocytes and macrophages through NF-{kappa}B activation.
	Statin Treatment Upregulates Vascular Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Through Akt/NF- ${kappa}$ B Pathway Sei Nakata, Masato Tsutsui, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Takahiro Yamashita, Akihide Tanimoto, Hiromi Tasaki, Kiyoshi Ozumi, Ken Sabanai, Tsuyoshi Morishita, Osamu Suda, Hideyasu Hirano, Yasuyuki Sasaguri, Yasuhide Nakashima, and Nobuyuki Yanagihara Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:92-98; published online before print November 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251615.61858.33. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are known to enhance vascular expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Here we report that atorvastatin also upregulates vascular neuronal nitric oxide synthase through Akt/NF-{kappa}B pathway, demonstrating a novel nNOS-mediated vascular effect of the statin.
	Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Novel Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-E/Human Placental Growth Factor Chimera Genes Natsuo Inoue, Takahisa Kondo, Koichi Kobayashi, Mika Aoki, Yasushi Numaguchi, Masabumi Shibuya, and Toyoaki Murohara Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:99-105; published online before print November 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251504.61247.d5. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) promotes angiogenesis but causes adverse side effects such as edema or tissue inflammation. VEGF-E, found in the genome of the Orf virus, specifically binds to VEGF receptor-2 and shows mitotic activity on endothelial cells. Recently, we created two forms of VEGF-E and human placental growth factor (PlGF) chimera genes (VEGF-E chimera #9 and VEGF-E chimera #33), which are humanized genes with VEGF-E function but showing less antigenicity
	A Central Role for Nicotinic Cholinergic Regulation of Growth Factor–Induced Endothelial Cell Migration Martin K.C. Ng, Jenny Wu, Edwin Chang, Bing-yin Wang, Regina Katzenberg-Clark, Akiko Ishii-Watabe, and John P. Cooke Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:106-112; published online before print November 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251517.98396.4a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Nicotine induces nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-dependent endothelial cell migration (ECM). nAChR antagonism also suppresses bFGF- and VEGF-induced ECM. ECM induced by nicotine, VEGF, or bFGF requires nAChR-dependent induction of thioredoxin activity via repression of the thioredoxin inhibitor, TXNIP. Therefore growth factor-induced ECM, a key angiogenesis event, requires nAChR activation.
	Aging in the Atherosclerosis Milieu May Accelerate the Consumption of Bone Marrow Endothelial Progenitor Cells Shoukang Zhu, Xialin Liu, Ying Li, Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont, and Chunming Dong Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:113-119; published online before print November 9 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000252035.12881.d0. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement A group of cells (simple little cells or SLCs) were markedly decreased in the marrow of old wild-type and apoE-/- mice, relative to their young counterparts. Lineage negative cKit-/Sca-1- cells, the predominant cell type in the SLC population, displayed efficient conversion to a mature endothelial phenotype in vitro.
	Smoking-Induced Monocyte Dysfunction Is Reversed by Vitamin C Supplementation In Vivo Nadina Stadler, Juliane Eggermann, Stefan Vöö, Andrea Kranz, and Johannes Waltenberger Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:120-126; published online before print October 19 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000250614.97896.4c. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF This study investigated the negative effects of smoking on monocyte migratory responsiveness to VEGF-A and the usefulness of vitamin C to prevent smoking-induced monocyte dysfunction. Stimulation of monocyte migration by VEGF-A was severely attenuated in smokers, and the deficit observed was surmounted by vitamin C supplementation. The negative effects of smoking on monocyte function may translate into adverse impacts on VEGF-A-dependent repair processes such as arteriogenesis. These results propose a causative role of oxidative stress in smoking-induced monocyte dysfunction.
	Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
	Gamma Glutamyl Transferase and Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality Risk: The Framingham Heart Study Douglas S. Lee, Jane C. Evans, Sander J. Robins, Peter W. Wilson, Irene Albano, Caroline S. Fox, Thomas J. Wang, Emelia J. Benjamin, Ralph B. D’Agostino, and Ramachandran S. Vasan Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:127-133; published online before print November 9 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251993.20372.40. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement To determine if serum {gamma}-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, we conducted time-dependent analysis accounting for temporal changes in CVD risk factors. Increased serum GGT predicted incident CVD and death. The highest GGT quartile experienced a 67% increase in CVD incidence.
	Haptoglobin Genotype Is a Determinant of Iron, Lipid Peroxidation, and Macrophage Accumulation in the Atherosclerotic Plaque Andrew P. Levy, Joanne E. Levy, Shiri Kalet-Litman, Rachel Miller-Lotan, Nina S. Levy, Roy Asaf, Julia Guetta, Chingwen Yang, K. Raman Purushothaman, Valentin Fuster, and Pedro R. Moreno Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:134-140; published online before print October 26 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251020.24399.a2. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We tested the hypothesis that the Hp genotype is a determinant of oxidative and inflammatory activity in atherosclerotic plaques. Plaques from Hp 2-2 mice were associated with increased iron, lipid peroxidation, and macrophage infiltration as compared with plaques from Hp 1-1 mice.
	Neuropsychological Performance Is Associated With Vascular Function in Patients With Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease David J. Moser, Robert G. Robinson, Stephanie M. Hynes, Rebecca L. Reese, Stephan Arndt, Jane S. Paulsen, and William G. Haynes Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:141-146; published online before print October 26 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000250973.93401.2d. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Forearm vascular function was found to be significantly and positively associated with neuropsychological performance in individuals with atherosclerotic vascular disease, after controlling for individual vascular risk factors and other potential confounding variables. With additional research, measures of vascular function might be useful in identifying individuals at greatest risk for vascular cognitive impairment.
	Low Circulating Endogenous Secretory Receptor for AGEs Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease Hidenori Koyama, Tetsuo Shoji, Shinya Fukumoto, Kayo Shinohara, Takuhito Shoji, Masanori Emoto, Katsuhito Mori, Hideki Tahara, Eiji Ishimura, Ryusuke Kakiya, Tsutomu Tabata, Hiroshi Yamamoto, and Yoshiki Nishizawa Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:147-153; published online before print November 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251502.88818.4b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Plasma endogenously secretory receptor for AGEs (esRAGE), an alternatively spliced form of RAGE, is closely associated with metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. We showed here that low circulating plasma esRAGE is a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in a cohort of 206 patients with end-stage renal diseases.
	Microarray Analysis Reveals Overexpression of CD163 and HO-1 in Symptomatic Carotid Plaques Petra Ijäs, Krista Nuotio, Jani Saksi, Lauri Soinne, Eija Saimanen, Marja-Liisa Karjalainen-Lindsberg, Oili Salonen, Seppo Sarna, Jarno Tuimala, Petri T. Kovanen, Markku Kaste, and Perttu J. Lindsberg Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:154-160; published online before print November 9 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251991.64617.e7. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We showed that HO-1 and CD163 were overexpressed in symptomatic carotid plaques. Their expression correlated with iron deposition but iron itself was not associated with symptom status. Symptomatic plaques might show a more pronounced induction of CD163 and HO-1 in response to plaque hemorrhages.
	Establishment of a High Sensitivity Plasma Assay for Human Pentraxin3 as a Marker for Unstable Angina Pectoris Kenji Inoue, Akira Sugiyama, Patrick C. Reid, Yukio Ito, Katsumi Miyauchi, Sei Mukai, Mina Sagara, Kyoko Miyamoto, Hirokazu Satoh, Isao Kohno, Takeshi Kurata, Hiroshi Ota, Alberto Mantovani, Takao Hamakubo, Hiroyuki Daida, and Tatsuhiko Kodama Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:161-167; published online before print November 9 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000252126.48375.d5. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) are increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction, yet its involvement in unstable angina (UAP) remains unclear. We developed a high sensitivity ELISA system for the detection of PTX3. PTX3 were increased in patients with UAP. This ELISA system will be useful for the prediction of UAP.
	Increased Soluble Fas Plasma Levels in Subjects at High Cardiovascular Risk: Atorvastatin on Inflammatory Markers (AIM) Study, a Substudy of ACTFAST Luis M. Blanco-Colio, Jose L. Martín-Ventura, Eduardo de Teresa, Csaba Farsang, Allan Gaw, GianFranco Gensini, Lawrence A. Leiter, Anatoly Langer, Pierre Martineau, Gonzalo Hérnandez, Jesús Egido on behalf of the ACTFAST investigators Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:168-174; published online before print October 19 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000250616.26308.d7. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF 1078 statin-free subjects with coronary heart disease (CHD), CHD-equivalent, or a 10-year CHD risk>20% were assigned to atorvastatin (10 to 80 mg/day) based on LDL-C at screening. At baseline, sFas concentrations are increased whereas sFasL are decreased compared with healthy subjects. Atorvastatin reduces sFas supporting the antiinflammatory effects in high-cardiovascular risk patients.
	Increased Plasma Oxidized Phospholipid:Apolipoprotein B-100 Ratio With Concomitant Depletion of Oxidized Phospholipids From Atherosclerotic Lesions After Dietary Lipid-Lowering: A Potential Biomarker of Early Atherosclerosis Regression Sotirios Tsimikas, Masanori Aikawa, Francis J. Miller, Jr, Elizabeth R. Miller, Michael Torzewski, Steven R. Lentz, Claes Bergmark, Donald D. Heistad, Peter Libby, and Joseph L. Witztum Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:175-181; published online before print November 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251501.86410.03. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) are pro-inflammatory. We evaluated whether changes in plasma levels of OxPL associated with apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) reflect changes in OxPL content in atherosclerotic plaques during dietary-induced atherosclerosis progression and regression. In the setting of overall reduction of plasma OxPL levels after dietary lipid-lowering, increases in the OxPL/apoB ratio reflect reduced content of OxPL in atherosclerotic plaques. These data suggest that changes in the OxPL/apoB ratio may reflect early atherosclerosis regression.
	Pioglitazone Inhibits In-Stent Restenosis in Atherosclerotic Rabbits by Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-ß and MCP-1 Michael Joner, Andrew Farb, Qi Cheng, Aloke V. Finn, Eduardo Acampado, Allen P. Burke, Kristi Skorija, Wendy Creighton, Frank D. Kolodgie, Herman K. Gold, and Renu Virmani Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:182-189; published online before print October 26 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251021.28725.e8. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Although emerging data from preclinical and clinical studies suggests a reduction of in-stent restenosis with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-{gamma} agonists, the reduction of neointimal growth via anti-inflammatory mechanisms have not been explored. Oral pioglitazone suppresses in-stent neointimal growth by limiting local inflammatory pathways and may be useful as an adjunctive therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous interventions.
	Macrophage Phospholipid Transfer Protein Deficiency and ApoE Secretion: Impact on Mouse Plasma Cholesterol Levels and Atherosclerosis Ruijie Liu, Mohammad R. Hojjati, Cecilia M. Devlin, Inge H. Hansen, and Xian-Cheng Jiang Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:190-196; published online before print October 12 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249721.96666.e5. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Macrophage PLTP deficiency causes a significant reduction of apoE secretion from the cells, and this in turn promotes the accumulation of cholesterol in the circulation and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis.
	Expression of LPL in Endothelial-Intact Artery Results in Lipid Deposition and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Upregulation in Both LPL and ApoE-Deficient Mice Jinyu Wang, Xunde Xian, Wei Huang, Li Chen, Liling Wu, Yi Zhu, Jianglin Fan, Colin Ross, Michael R. Hayden, and George Liu Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:197-203; published online before print October 12 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249683.80414.d9. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Expression of LPL in endothelial-intact carotid arteries results in lipid deposition and VCAM-1 upregulation in both LPL- and ApoE-deficient mice, suggesting endothelial cell associated LPL in the arterial wall as a strong proatherosclerotic factor.
	Interruption of the Tnfrsf4/Tnfsf4 (OX40/OX40L) Pathway Attenuates Atherogenesis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice Eva J.A van Wanrooij, Gijs H.M van Puijvelde, Paula de Vos, Hideo Yagita, Theo J.C. van Berkel, and Johan Kuiper Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:204-210; published online before print October 26 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251007.07648.81. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Tnfrsf4 (OX40) and Tnfsf4 (OX40 ligand) are members of the TNF and TNF receptor family and the OX40/OX40L pathway is an important co-activator of T cells. Anti-OX40 ligand antibody administration reduced atherogenesis by inhibiting IL-4 induced IgG1 isotype switching, and increased anti-oxLDL specific IgM serum levels.
	MEK–ERK Inhibition Corrects the Defect in VLDL Assembly in HepG2 Cells: Potential Role of ERK in VLDL-ApoB100 Particle Assembly Julie Tsai, Wei Qiu, Rita Kohen-Avramoglu, and Khosrow Adeli Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:211-218; published online before print October 12 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249861.80471.96. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Inhibition of the overactive ras-MEK-ERK pathway in HepG2 cells was found to correct the defect in VLDL assembly (that normally secrete immature triglyceride-poor LDL-sized apoB particles) leading to the secretion of large, VLDL-sized particles, similar to primary hepatocytes. Our data implicate the MEK-ERK pathway in regulating the VLDL assembly process in HepG2 cells.
	Apolipoprotein CIII-Induced THP-1 Cell Adhesion to Endothelial Cells Involves Pertussis Toxin-Sensitive G Protein- and Protein Kinase C ${alpha}$ -Mediated Nuclear Factor- ${kappa}$ B Activation Akio Kawakami, Masanori Aikawa, Noriko Nitta, Masayuki Yoshida, Peter Libby, and Frank M. Sacks Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:219-225; published online before print October 12 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249620.68705.0d. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement This study showed that apoCIII alone or VLDL containing apoCIII activates PKC{alpha} through the PTX-sensitive G protein pathway in human monocytic cells, leading to NF-{kappa}B activation and increased ß1-integrin expression. Leukocyte NF-{kappa}B activation contributes importantly to inflammatory aspects of atherogenesis. Thus, apoCIII may stimulate diverse inflammatory responses through monocyte activation.
	Ozonized Low Density Lipoprotein (ozLDL) Inhibits NF- ${kappa}$ B and IRAK-1–Associated Signaling Christian Cappello, Bernd Saugel, Karin C. Huth, Andreas Zwergal, Martina Krautkrämer, Christophe Furman, Mustapha Rouis, Bianca Wieser, Heike W. Schneider, Dieter Neumeier, and Korbinian Brand Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:226-232; published online before print October 19 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000250615.27795.85. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Evidence suggests that ozone plays a role in atherosclerosis. We demonstrated that ozone-modified LDL (ozLDL) selectively and reversibly inhibited the NF-{kappa}B system, with an accompanying reduction in IRAK-1 phosphorylation/proteolysis. Cholesterol ozonization products were identified as active components. Such inhibition may impair immune function and induce apoptosis.
	Thrombosis
	Prothrombotic Effects of Hyperhomocysteinemia and Hypercholesterolemia in ApoE-Deficient Mice Katina M. Wilson, Ryan B. McCaw, Lorie Leo, Erland Arning, Sárka Lhoták, Teodoro Bottiglieri, Richard C. Austin, and Steven R. Lentz Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:233-240; published online before print November 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251607.96118.af. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We tested the hypothesis that hyperhomocysteinemia and hypercholesterolemia promote thrombosis. Carotid artery thrombosis was accelerated and endothelium-dependent relaxation of carotid artery rings was impaired in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed either high fat or hyperhomocysteinemic diets. We conclude that hyperhomocysteinemia and hypercholesterolemia produce endothelial dysfunction and increased susceptibility to arterial thrombosis.
	Decreased Thrombotic Tendency in Mouse Models of the Bernard-Soulier Syndrome C. Strassel, C. Nonne, A. Eckly, T. David, C. Leon, M. Freund, J.-P. Cazenave, C. Gachet, and F. Lanza Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:241-247; published online before print November 9 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251992.47053.75. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Mouse models of Bernard-Soulier bleeding disorder were generated by targeting the GP GPIbß. These mice displayed, in addition to their defective hemostasis, decreased thrombotic responses in different models of arterial and systemic thrombosis.
	Letters to the Editor
	Neointimal Cracks (Plaque Rupture?) and Thrombosis in Wrapped Arteries Without Flow Erling Falk, Stephen M. Schwartz, Zorina S. Galis, and Michael E. Rosenfeld Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:248-249, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249644.86759.81. Full Text \| PDF
	Neointimal Cracks (Plaque Rupture?) and Thrombosis in Wrapped Arteries Without Flow Christopher L. Jackson Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:250-251, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249645.02230.fe. Full Text \| PDF
	Neointimal Cracks (Plaque Rupture?) and Thrombosis in Wrapped Arteries Without Flow Masafumi Kuzuya and Takeshi Sasaki Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:252, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249619.75202.1e. Full Text \| PDF
	Endogenous Secretory Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts Levels Are Correlated With Serum Pentosidine and CML in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Junnosuke Miura, Yasuhiko Yamamoto, Mari Osawa, Takuo Watanabe, Hideto Yonekura, Yasuko Uchigata, Hiroshi Yamamoto, and Yasuhiko Iwamoto Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:253-254, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000251533.18013.67. Full Text \| PDF
	Circulating Platelet-Derived Microparticles Are Associated With Atherothrombotic Events Masashi Namba, Atsushi Tanaka, Kenei Shimada, Yasushi Ozeki, Shigeru Uehata, Tsunemori Sakamoto, Yukio Nishida, Shosaku Nomura, and Junichi Yoshikawa Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:255-256, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000252064.97632.2c. Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement
	Acknowledgment of Reviewers
	Acknowledgment of Reviewers Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:e1-e7. Full Text \| PDF
	News From the American Heart Association
	News From the American Heart Association Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:B1, doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.180480. PDF
	Meetings Calendar
	Meetings Calendar Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:B2-B4, doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.180481. PDF

Spotlight

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Volume 27, Issue 1; January 1, 2007

Editorials

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 1999–2007

Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase: Another Biomarker for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk

Homocysteinylation of Metallothionein Impairs Intracellular Redox Homeostasis: The Enemy Within!

Nox 4 Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation Marker Gene Expression

Brief Reviews

Biomarkers of Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability and Rupture

The Roles of Proteinase-Activated Receptors in the Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology

The Vasohibin Family: A Negative Regulatory System of Angiogenesis Genetically Programmed in Endothelial Cells

Vascular Biology

Nox4 Is Required for Maintenance of the Differentiated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype

Targeting of Metallothionein by L-Homocysteine: A Novel Mechanism for Disruption of Zinc and Redox Homeostasis

The CX3C Chemokine Fractalkine Induces Vascular Dysfunction by Generation of Superoxide Anions

Activation of PPARß/ Induces Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis

Leptin Regulates Neointima Formation After Arterial Injury Through Mechanisms Independent of Blood Pressure and the Leptin Receptor/STAT3 Signaling Pathways Involved in Energy Balance

Thiol-Related Genes in Diabetic Complications: A Novel Protective Role for Endogenous Thioredoxin 2

Role of the Toll-like Receptor 4/NF-B Pathway in Saturated Fatty Acid–Induced Inflammatory Changes in the Interaction Between Adipocytes and Macrophages

Statin Treatment Upregulates Vascular Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Through Akt/NF-B Pathway

Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Novel Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-E/Human Placental Growth Factor Chimera Genes

A Central Role for Nicotinic Cholinergic Regulation of Growth Factor–Induced Endothelial Cell Migration

Aging in the Atherosclerosis Milieu May Accelerate the Consumption of Bone Marrow Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Smoking-Induced Monocyte Dysfunction Is Reversed by Vitamin C Supplementation In Vivo

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase and Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality Risk: The Framingham Heart Study

Haptoglobin Genotype Is a Determinant of Iron, Lipid Peroxidation, and Macrophage Accumulation in the Atherosclerotic Plaque

Neuropsychological Performance Is Associated With Vascular Function in Patients With Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

Low Circulating Endogenous Secretory Receptor for AGEs Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease

Microarray Analysis Reveals Overexpression of CD163 and HO-1 in Symptomatic Carotid Plaques

Establishment of a High Sensitivity Plasma Assay for Human Pentraxin3 as a Marker for Unstable Angina Pectoris

Increased Soluble Fas Plasma Levels in Subjects at High Cardiovascular Risk: Atorvastatin on Inflammatory Markers (AIM) Study, a Substudy of ACTFAST

Increased Plasma Oxidized Phospholipid:Apolipoprotein B-100 Ratio With Concomitant Depletion of Oxidized Phospholipids From Atherosclerotic Lesions After Dietary Lipid-Lowering: A Potential Biomarker of Early Atherosclerosis Regression

Pioglitazone Inhibits In-Stent Restenosis in Atherosclerotic Rabbits by Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-ß and MCP-1

Macrophage Phospholipid Transfer Protein Deficiency and ApoE Secretion: Impact on Mouse Plasma Cholesterol Levels and Atherosclerosis

Expression of LPL in Endothelial-Intact Artery Results in Lipid Deposition and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Upregulation in Both LPL and ApoE-Deficient Mice

Interruption of the Tnfrsf4/Tnfsf4 (OX40/OX40L) Pathway Attenuates Atherogenesis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice

MEK–ERK Inhibition Corrects the Defect in VLDL Assembly in HepG2 Cells: Potential Role of ERK in VLDL-ApoB100 Particle Assembly

Apolipoprotein CIII-Induced THP-1 Cell Adhesion to Endothelial Cells Involves Pertussis Toxin-Sensitive G Protein- and Protein Kinase C-Mediated Nuclear Factor-B Activation

Ozonized Low Density Lipoprotein (ozLDL) Inhibits NF-B and IRAK-1–Associated Signaling

Thrombosis

Prothrombotic Effects of Hyperhomocysteinemia and Hypercholesterolemia in ApoE-Deficient Mice

Decreased Thrombotic Tendency in Mouse Models of the Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

Letters to the Editor

Neointimal Cracks (Plaque Rupture?) and Thrombosis in Wrapped Arteries Without Flow

Neointimal Cracks (Plaque Rupture?) and Thrombosis in Wrapped Arteries Without Flow

Neointimal Cracks (Plaque Rupture?) and Thrombosis in Wrapped Arteries Without Flow

Endogenous Secretory Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts Levels Are Correlated With Serum Pentosidine and CML in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Circulating Platelet-Derived Microparticles Are Associated With Atherothrombotic Events

Acknowledgment of Reviewers

Acknowledgment of Reviewers

News From the American Heart Association

News From the American Heart Association

Meetings Calendar

Meetings Calendar

Spotlight

The CX₃C Chemokine Fractalkine Induces Vascular Dysfunction by Generation of Superoxide Anions

Activation of PPARß/ ${delta}$ Induces Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis

Role of the Toll-like Receptor 4/NF- ${kappa}$ B Pathway in Saturated Fatty Acid–Induced Inflammatory Changes in the Interaction Between Adipocytes and Macrophages

Statin Treatment Upregulates Vascular Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Through Akt/NF- ${kappa}$ B Pathway

Apolipoprotein CIII-Induced THP-1 Cell Adhesion to Endothelial Cells Involves Pertussis Toxin-Sensitive G Protein- and Protein Kinase C ${alpha}$ -Mediated Nuclear Factor- ${kappa}$ B Activation

Ozonized Low Density Lipoprotein (ozLDL) Inhibits NF- ${kappa}$ B and IRAK-1–Associated Signaling