Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology -- Table of Contents (26 [9])

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Volume 26, Issue 9; September 1, 2006

Editorials
Brief Reviews
Vascular Biology
Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
Thrombosis

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	Editorials
	IL-20 and Atherosclerosis: Another Brick In the Wall Giuseppina Caligiuri, Srini V. Kaveri, and Antonino Nicoletti Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1929-1930, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000237564.81178.bb. Full Text \| PDF
	Hydrogen Peroxide: Watery Fuel for Change in Vascular Biology Frank M. Faraci Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1931-1933, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000238355.56172.b3. Full Text \| PDF
	Arteries or Veins?: VEGF Helps EPCs Choose Their cAMP Jean-Sébastien Silvestre and Ziad Mallat Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1934-1935, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000236220.06886.e3. Full Text \| PDF
	Brief Reviews
	Transcriptional Regulators of Angiogenesis Anne Hamik, Baiqiu Wang, and Mukesh K. Jain Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1936-1947; published online before print June 15 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000232542.42968.e3. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Angiogenesis is essential for normal development and homeostasis. Inadequate angiogenesis results in ischemia whereas overzealous angiogenesis can contribute to tumor development. In recent years, several transcription factors have been identified as directors of the angiogenic process. These factors and the mechanisms by whidch they exert their effects are reviewed.
	Angiogenesis in Atherogenesis Joerg Herrmann, Lilach O. Lerman, Debabrata Mukhopadhyay, Claudio Napoli, and Amir Lerman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1948-1957; published online before print June 22 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000233387.90257.9b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Atherogenesis is the pathobiological process, which underlies atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and evolves in the 3 stages of initiation, progression, and complication to clinical significance. Of note, this process is associated with neovascularization, and it was not until recently that the implications of angiogenesis in atherogenesis were delineated. This article gives an updated overview on this topic and briefly reflects on the similarities with neovessel formation in carcinogenesis.
	The Changing Roles of Dietary Carbohydrates: From Simple to Complex Amy E. Griel, Elizabeth H. Ruder, and Penny M. Kris-Etherton Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1958-1965; published online before print June 22 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000233384.97125.bd. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Dietary recommendations for carbohydrate intake have evolved across the decades. Early recommendations focused on meeting micronutrient intake requirements; recent guidelines acknowledge of the role of carbohydrates and dietary fat in reducing risk for cardiovascular disease. A review of the evidence is important to address the controversies associated with a high-carbohydrate diet.
	Integrin–Matrix Interactions in the Cerebral Microvasculature Gregory J. del Zoppo and Richard Milner Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1966-1975; published online before print June 15 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000232525.65682.a2. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF In the central nervous system matrix adhesion receptors are uniquely expressed by the cells comprising the microvascular compartment, and by neurons and their supporting glial cells. This review examines current information about cell adhesion receptor expression within the cerebral microvasculature and surrounding tissue, and their potential roles during the vascular responses to local injury.
	Vascular Biology
	ADAM17 Mediates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Hypertrophy Induced by Angiotensin II Haruhiko Ohtsu, Peter J. Dempsey, Gerald D. Frank, Eugen Brailoiu, Sadaharu Higuchi, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Hidekatsu Nakashima, Kunie Eguchi, and Satoru Eguchi Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e133-e137; published online before print July 13 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000236203.90331.d0. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF By using vascular smooth muscle cells, we demonstrate that a metalloprotease ADAM17 is responsible for epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation and subsequent protein synthesis induced by angiotensin II. The findings demonstrate a previously missing molecular mechanism by which angiotensin II promotes vascular hypertrophy.
	ADAM17 Mediates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Hypertrophy Induced by Angiotensin II Haruhiko Ohtsu, Peter J. Dempsey, Gerald D. Frank, Eugen Brailoiu, Sadaharu Higuchi, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Hidekatsu Nakashima, Kunie Eguchi, and Satoru Eguchi Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1976. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF
	Adrenomedullin/Cyclic AMP Pathway Induces Notch Activation and Differentiation of Arterial Endothelial Cells From Vascular Progenitors Takami Yurugi-Kobayashi, Hiroshi Itoh, Timm Schroeder, Akiko Nakano, Genta Narazaki, Fumiyo Kita, Kentoku Yanagi, Mina Hiraoka-Kanie, Emi Inoue, Toshiaki Ara, Takashi Nagasawa, Ursula Just, Kazuwa Nakao, Shin-Ichi Nishikawa, and Jun K. Yamashita Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1977-1984; published online before print June 29 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000234978.10658.41. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Previously, we have reported an embryonic stem cell differentiation system for blood vessels. In this study, we induced arterial and venous endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro and demonstrated that adrenomedullin/cAMP is a novel pathway to activate Notch signaling in ECs and is required to induce arterial ECs from vascular progenitors.
	Endocytosis of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Into Endothelial Cells: Role of the Heparin-Binding Domain Yi Chu, Robert Piper, Simon Richardson, Yoshimasa Watanabe, Pragnesh Patel, and Donald D. Heistad Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1985-1990; published online before print June 29 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000234921.88489.5c. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Mechanisms of endocytosis of EC-SOD were examined. The findings indicate that EC-SOD, but not the gene variant EC-SODR213G, is endocytosed into endothelial cells through clathrin-mediated pathway, but does not translocate to the nucleus. Impairment of endocytosis may contribute to high plasma levels of EC-SODR213G.
	IQGAP1 Mediates VE-Cadherin–Based Cell–Cell Contacts and VEGF Signaling at Adherence Junctions Linked to Angiogenesis Minako Yamaoka-Tojo, Taiki Tojo, Ha Won Kim, Lula Hilenski, Nikolay A. Patrushev, Lynn Zhang, Tohru Fukai, and Masuko Ushio-Fukai Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1991-1997; published online before print June 8 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000231524.14873.e7. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The present study demonstrates that IQGAP1 is required for establishment of basal cell-cell contacts in endothelial cells. It may also function to link VEGF receptor2 to the adherens junctions, thereby promoting reactive oxygen species-dependent tyrosine phoshorylation of VE-cadherin and loss of cell-cell contacts during VEGF-induced angiogenesis.
	Establishment of a Functionally Active Collagen-Binding Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Fusion Protein In Situ Tetsuya Ishikawa, Masamichi Eguchi, Mika Wada, Yo Iwami, Kayoko Tono, Hideki Iwaguro, Haruchika Masuda, Tetsuro Tamaki, and Takayuki Asahara Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1998-2004; published online before print June 22 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000233359.74484.77. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Tissue regeneration requires both growth factor and extracellular matrix. We established FNCBD-VEGF121, consisting of the fibronectin collagen-binding domain and vascular endothelial growth factor 121. FNCBD-VEGF121 stably maintains an optimally high and local concentration of VEGF with collagen matrix and stimulates cellular activity in situ, supplying a vascular niche regeneration.
	Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Failed to Induce Angiogenesis in Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A-Deficient Mice Vesselina G. Cooke, Meghna U. Naik, and Ulhas P. Naik Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2005-2011; published online before print June 29 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000234923.79173.99. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement JAM-A was implicated to regulate FGF-2-induced angiogenesis. We have generated JAM-A null mice and found that these mice have distorted Mendelian and sex ratios. Using ex vivo and in vivo angiogenesis assays, we show that ablation of JAM-A impaired FGF-2-induced angiogenesis.
	HSPA12B Is Predominantly Expressed in Endothelial Cells and Required for Angiogenesis Rebecca J. Steagall, Antonio E. Rusiñol, Quynh A. Truong, and Zhihua Han Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2012-2018; published online before print July 6 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000235720.61091.c7. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We characterized the HSPA12B expression in mice and HSPA12B involvement in angiogenesis. Uniquely among HSP70s, HSPA12B is expressed predominantly in vascular endothelium, induced during angiogenesis, and essential for angiogenesis and cell migration. HSPA12B interacts with multiple proteins in a yeast 2-hybrid screening. HSPA12B is the first characterized endothelium-specific chaperone.
	Chimeric VEGF-E_NZ7/PlGF Promotes Angiogenesis Via VEGFR-2 Without Significant Enhancement of Vascular Permeability and Inflammation Yujuan Zheng, Masato Murakami, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Mai Yamauchi, Atsushi Kiba, Sachiko Yamaguchi, Naoyuki Yabana, Kari Alitalo, and Masabumi Shibuya Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2019-2026; published online before print June 22 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000233336.53574.a1. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We report here that chimeric VEGF-ENZ7/PlGF composed of Orf-VirusNZ7-derived VEGF-ENZ7 and human PlGF1 induces strong angiogenic response, less monocyte/macrophage recruitment, and low vascular leakage in vivo because of its VEGFR-2 specificity. The unique receptor binding property may shed light on VEGF-ENZ7/PlGF as a novel candidate molecule for therapeutic angiogenesis.
	Protection of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From H₂O₂-Induced Apoptosis Through Functional Codependence Between HO-1 and AKT Keith R. Brunt, Keith K. Fenrich, Gholam Kiani, M. Yat Tse, Stephen C. Pang, Christopher A. Ward, and Luis G. Melo Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2027-2034; published online before print July 13 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000236204.37119.8d. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Oxidative stress induces smooth muscle cell apoptosis in the atherosclerotic plaque, leading to plaque instability. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exerts anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects in the vessel wall. Here we report that the cytoprotective effect of HO-1 against pro-oxidant-induced apoptosis is mediated through codependent interaction with the survival gene Akt.
	Upregulation of Arginase by H₂O₂ Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Nitric Oxide-Mediated Dilation of Coronary Arterioles Naris Thengchaisri, Travis W. Hein, Wei Wang, Xin Xu, Zhenbo Li, Theresa W. Fossum, and Lih Kuo Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2035-2042; published online before print June 22 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000233334.24805.62. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Overproduction of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been implicated in various cardiovascular diseases. Treatment of isolated coronary arterioles with H2O2 specifically attenuated endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilation through the upregulation of arginase. Activation of this pathway may contribute to vascular dysfunction associated with oxidative stress.
	Sphingosine Kinase–Dependent Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase by Angiotensin II Arthur C.M. Mulders, Mariëlle C. Hendriks-Balk, Marie-Jeanne Mathy, Martin C. Michel, Astrid E. Alewijnse, and Stephan L.M. Peters Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2043-2048; published online before print July 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000237569.95046.b9. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Sphingolipid metabolites can be formed locally in the vascular wall. AT1 receptor stimulation by angiotensin II induces a sphingosine kinase-dependent endothelial NO synthase activation via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and calcium-dependent pathways. This may be of importance during, or alternatively under pathological circumstances leading to, reduced NO bioavailability and endothelial dysfunction.
	Thyroid Hormone Inhibits Vascular Remodeling Through Suppression of cAMP Response Element Binding Protein Activity Kae Fukuyama, Toshihiro Ichiki, Ikuyo Imayama, Hideki Ohtsubo, Hiroki Ono, Yasuko Hashiguchi, Akira Takeshita, and Kenji Sunagawa Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2049-2055; published online before print June 22 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000233358.87583.01. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The molecular mechanism of anti-atherosclerotic effects of thyroid hormone is poorly defined. We showed in the present study that thyroid hormone inhibits cAMP response element binding protein activity and suppresses angiotensin II-induced cytokine expression and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells, which may be involved in anti-atherosclerotic effect.
	CX₃CR1 Deficiency Confers Protection From Intimal Hyperplasia After Arterial Injury Peng Liu, Sarita Patil, Mauricio Rojas, Alan M. Fong, Susan S. Smyth, and Dhavalkumar D. Patel Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2056-2062; published online before print June 29 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000234947.47788.8c. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The chemokine receptor CX3CR1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. In a guidewire-induced femoral artery injury model, the CX3CR1 ligand (CX3CL1) was induced by arterial injury. CX3CR1 deficiency protected mice from developing intimal hyperplasia as a result of decreased monocyte trafficking to the lesion and VSMC proliferation.
	Anti–MCP-1 Gene Therapy Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation and Attenuates Vein Graft Thickening Both In Vitro and In Vivo A. Schepers, D. Eefting, P.I. Bonta, J.M. Grimbergen, M.R. de Vries, V. van Weel, C.J. de Vries, K. Egashira, J.H. van Bockel, and P.H.A. Quax Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2063-2069; published online before print July 6 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000235694.69719.e2. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Involvement of MCP-1 in vein graft intimal hyperplasia (IH) was studied. MCP-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in murine vein grafts and cultured human saphenous veins. Functional involvement of MCP-1 was assessed by exposure to a MCP-1-antagonist. This reduced IH in both models and inhibited smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro.
	Differentiation of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells From Embryonic Stem Cells on OP9 Stromal Cells Tomoya Kono, Hajime Kubo, Chikashi Shimazu, Yoshihide Ueda, Meiko Takahashi, Kentoku Yanagi, Naoya Fujita, Takashi Tsuruo, Hiromi Wada, and Jun K. Yamashita Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2070-2076; published online before print May 11 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000225770.57219.b0. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF To understand the process of the differentiation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), we succeeded in differentiating LECs from embryonic stem (ES) cells, revealing the requirements of VEGF-C, Ang1, and other unknown factors for LEC differentiation. This ES cell system would be useful for better understanding the process of LEC differentiation.
	Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Is Associated With Increased Medial Neovascularization and Overexpression of Proangiogenic Cytokines Edward Choke, Matthew M. Thompson, Joseph Dawson, W. Richard W. Wilson, Saiqa Sayed, Ian M. Loftus, and Gillian W. Cockerill Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2077-2082; published online before print June 29 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000234944.22509.f9. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement This study investigated the extent of neovascularization in abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture and demonstrated increased medial neovascularization and overexpression of proangiogenic cytokines at aneurysm rupture edge. Further investigations into the role of angiogenesis in aneurysm rupture may open novel therapeutic avenues to prevent aneurysm rupture.
	Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
	Inflammatory Response to Acute Myocardial Infarction Augments Neointimal Hyperplasia After Vascular Injury in a Remote Artery Minoru Takaoka, Shiro Uemura, Hiroyuki Kawata, Kei-ichi Imagawa, Yukiji Takeda, Kimihiko Nakatani, Noriyuki Naya, Manabu Horii, Shigeru Yamano, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, Yasunao Yoshimasa, and Yoshihiko Saito Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2083-2089; published online before print June 15 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000232528.93786.0a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement To elucidate whether AMI exacerbate neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis after PCI, we simultaneously generated experimental models of AMI and femoral artery injury in the same mice. We demonstrate that AMI itself augments neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury by stimulating signaling via TNF-{alpha}, TNFR1, and IL-6.
	IL-20 Is Expressed in Atherosclerosis Plaques and Promotes Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice Wei-Yu Chen, Bor-Chih Cheng, Meei-Jyh Jiang, Mei-Yi Hsieh, and Ming-Shi Chang Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2090-2095; published online before print June 15 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000232502.88144.6f. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We investigated the association between IL-20 and atherosclerosis. IL-20 and its receptors are expressed in the atherosclerosis plaques of human and mice. In vitro, oxidized LDL and hypoxia induced IL-20. In vivo, IL-20 promoted atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice. Thus, we postulate that IL-20 is a proatherogenic cytokine.
	A Natural Antibody to Oxidized Cardiolipin Binds to Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein, Apoptotic Cells, and Atherosclerotic Lesions Anu Tuominen, Yury I. Miller, Lotte F. Hansen, Y. Antero Kesäniemi, Joseph L. Witztum, and Sohvi Hörkkö Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2096-2102; published online before print June 22 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000233333.07991.4a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement A natural anticardiolipin antibody (LRO1) binding to oxidized cardiolipin (oxCL), oxidized LDL, apoptotic cells, and atherosclerotic lesions was cloned from a nonimmunized LDLR-/- mouse. These data demonstrate that oxCL is an important antigenic determinant in vivo and gives insight into the pathogenic events of diseases with increased titers of aCL antibodies.
	Endothelial ${alpha}$ ß₃ Integrin–Targeted Fumagillin Nanoparticles Inhibit Angiogenesis in Atherosclerosis Patrick M. Winter, Anne M. Neubauer, Shelton D. Caruthers, Thomas D. Harris, J. David Robertson, Todd A. Williams, Anne H. Schmieder, Grace Hu, John S. Allen, Elizabeth K. Lacy, Huiying Zhang, Samuel A. Wickline, and Gregory M. Lanza Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2103-2109; published online before print July 6 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000235724.11299.76. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF {alpha}{nu}ß3-Targeted paramagnetic nanoparticles were used to detect early atherosclerosis, to deliver an antiangiogenic drug, and to quantitatively assess neovascular response. This dual molecular imaging drug-delivery agent suggests that nanomedicine may provide an opportunity to intervene in the clinical progression of atherosclerosis, particularly in asymptomatic patients.
	High-Resolution X-Ray Microtomography Is a Sensitive Method to Detect Vascular Calcification in Living Rats With Chronic Renal Failure Veerle Persy, Andrei Postnov, Ellen Neven, Geert Dams, Marc De Broe, Patrick D’Haese, and Nora De Clerck Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2110-2116; published online before print July 13 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000236200.02726.f7. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with enhanced vascular calcification as a prominent feature. In this study, we demonstrated that in vivo micro-CT scanning is a sensitive, reproducible method to detect and quantify aortic calcification in living CRF rats, opening perspectives for future interventional studies.
	Osteoprotegerin Inactivation Accelerates Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesion Progression and Calcification in Older ApoE^–/– Mice Brian J. Bennett, Marta Scatena, Elizabeth A. Kirk, Marcello Rattazzi, Rebecca M. Varon, Michelle Averill, Stephen M. Schwartz, Cecilia M. Giachelli, and Michael E. Rosenfeld Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2117-2124; published online before print July 13 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000236428.91125.e6. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The effect of OPG inactivation in advanced atherosclerotic lesions from apoE-/- mice was investigated. OPG is a key mediator of bone resorption and has been associated with human and mouse atherosclerosis. OPG inactivation results in larger and more calcified advanced lesions in the innominate arteries of older apoE-/- mice.
	Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase Regulates Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Subcellular Localization and Selective Lipid Uptake in Hepatocytes Shoba Shetty, Erik R.M. Eckhardt, Steven R. Post, and Deneys R. van der Westhuyzen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2125-2131; published online before print June 22 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000233335.26362.37. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF PI3K regulates the cell surface expression of SR-BI and, consequently, selective lipid uptake from HDL. Along with demonstrating a novel post-translational regulation of SR-BI in hepatocytes, this study also suggests the possibility of impaired cholesterol clearance via SR-BI under conditions of decreased PI3K activity seen in insulin resistance.
	Dysregulation of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Human Carotid Atherosclerosis Daniele Versari, Joerg Herrmann, Mario Gössl, Dallit Mannheim, Katherine Sattler, Fredric B. Meyer, Lilach O. Lerman, and Amir Lerman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2132-2139; published online before print June 15 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000232501.08576.73. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We evaluated the ubiquitin-proteasome system in relation to atherosclerosis clinical manifestation. Carotid plaques from patients with symptomatic disease showed accumulation of ubiquitin conjugates and lower proteasome activity, along with increased oxidative stress and apoptosis, as compared with asymptomatic patients. These data suggest a potential interplay between oxidative stress and ubiquitin-proteasome system activity in atherosclerosis pathophysiology.
	Number and Function of Endothelial Progenitor Cells as a Marker of Severity for Diabetic Vasculopathy Gian Paolo Fadini, Saverio Sartore, Mattia Albiero, Ilenia Baesso, Ellen Murphy, Mirko Menegolo, Franco Grego, Saula Vigili de Kreutzenberg, Antonio Tiengo, Carlo Agostini, and Angelo Avogaro Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2140-2146; published online before print July 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000237750.44469.88. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been implicated in adult neovasculogenesis and maintenance of endothelial homeostasis. In this study, we provide evidence that number and function of EPCs correlate with severity of peripheral atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients.
	Chemokines and Incident Coronary Heart Disease: Results From the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Case-Cohort Study, 1984–2002 Christian Herder, Jens Baumert, Barbara Thorand, Stephan Martin, Hannelore Löwel, Hubert Kolb, and Wolfgang Koenig Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2147-2152; published online before print July 6 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000235691.84430.86. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The study investigates whether elevated serum concentrations of the chemokines MCP-1, IL-8, and IP-10 precede coronary events in a prospective case-cohort design. Baseline concentrations of all 3 chemokines were significantly higher in cases compared with noncases, but the associations with CHD risk were no longer statistically significant in multivariable analysis.
	Thrombosis
	^99mTc-Annexin-V Functional Imaging of Luminal Thrombus Activity in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Laure Sarda-Mantel, Michèle Coutard, François Rouzet, Olivier Raguin, Jean-Marc Vrigneaud, Florence Hervatin, Geneviève Martet, Ziad Touat, Pascal Merlet, Dominique Le Guludec, and Jean-Baptiste Michel Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2153-2159; published online before print July 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000237605.25666.13. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Data of the present study show that 99mTc-annexin-V permits functional imaging of mural thrombus renewal activity in vivo in an experimental model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and ex vivo in human AAAs.
	${alpha}$ -Tocopherol Modulates Phosphatidylserine Externalization in Erythrocytes: Relevance in Phospholipid Transfer Protein–Deficient Mice Alexis Klein, Valérie Deckert, Martina Schneider, Fabienne Dutrillaux, Arlette Hammann, Anne Athias, Naig Le Guern, Jean-Paul Pais de Barros, Catherine Desrumaux, David Masson, Xian-Cheng Jiang, and Laurent Lagrost Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2160-2167; published online before print July 6 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000235699.98024.11. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF In vitro {alpha}-tocopherol enrichment of isolated erythrocytes, as well as accumulation of {alpha}-tocopherol in circulating erythrocytes of phospholipid transfer protein-deficient mice, led to fewer externalized phosphatidylserine molecules. This was associated with impaired procoagulant activity, and lower circulating levels of D-dimer, which is known to reflect thrombus formation in vivo.
	Interleukin-6 Induction of Protein S Is Regulated Through Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Cornelia J.F. de Wolf, Rosemiek M.J. Cupers, Rogier M. Bertina, and Hans L. Vos Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2168-2174; published online before print July 13 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000236202.39165.eb. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The important anticoagulant Protein S forms inactive complexes with complement component 4b-binding protein (C4BP), which is a known acute phase reactant. This raises the question how Protein S gene (PROS1) transcription is regulated during acute phase. Here we show that PROS1 transcription is upregulated by IL-6 via the STAT3 pathway.

Spotlight

TOC Spotlight File

Volume 26, Issue 9; September 1, 2006

Editorials

IL-20 and Atherosclerosis: Another Brick In the Wall

Hydrogen Peroxide: Watery Fuel for Change in Vascular Biology

Arteries or Veins?: VEGF Helps EPCs Choose Their cAMP

Brief Reviews

Transcriptional Regulators of Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis in Atherogenesis

The Changing Roles of Dietary Carbohydrates: From Simple to Complex

Integrin–Matrix Interactions in the Cerebral Microvasculature

Vascular Biology

ADAM17 Mediates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Hypertrophy Induced by Angiotensin II

ADAM17 Mediates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Hypertrophy Induced by Angiotensin II

Adrenomedullin/Cyclic AMP Pathway Induces Notch Activation and Differentiation of Arterial Endothelial Cells From Vascular Progenitors

Endocytosis of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Into Endothelial Cells: Role of the Heparin-Binding Domain

IQGAP1 Mediates VE-Cadherin–Based Cell–Cell Contacts and VEGF Signaling at Adherence Junctions Linked to Angiogenesis

Establishment of a Functionally Active Collagen-Binding Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Fusion Protein In Situ

Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Failed to Induce Angiogenesis in Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A-Deficient Mice

HSPA12B Is Predominantly Expressed in Endothelial Cells and Required for Angiogenesis

Chimeric VEGF-ENZ7/PlGF Promotes Angiogenesis Via VEGFR-2 Without Significant Enhancement of Vascular Permeability and Inflammation

Protection of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From H2O2-Induced Apoptosis Through Functional Codependence Between HO-1 and AKT

Upregulation of Arginase by H2O2 Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Nitric Oxide-Mediated Dilation of Coronary Arterioles

Sphingosine Kinase–Dependent Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase by Angiotensin II

Thyroid Hormone Inhibits Vascular Remodeling Through Suppression of cAMP Response Element Binding Protein Activity

CX3CR1 Deficiency Confers Protection From Intimal Hyperplasia After Arterial Injury

Anti–MCP-1 Gene Therapy Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation and Attenuates Vein Graft Thickening Both In Vitro and In Vivo

Differentiation of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells From Embryonic Stem Cells on OP9 Stromal Cells

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Is Associated With Increased Medial Neovascularization and Overexpression of Proangiogenic Cytokines

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

Inflammatory Response to Acute Myocardial Infarction Augments Neointimal Hyperplasia After Vascular Injury in a Remote Artery

IL-20 Is Expressed in Atherosclerosis Plaques and Promotes Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

A Natural Antibody to Oxidized Cardiolipin Binds to Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein, Apoptotic Cells, and Atherosclerotic Lesions

Endothelial ß3 Integrin–Targeted Fumagillin Nanoparticles Inhibit Angiogenesis in Atherosclerosis

High-Resolution X-Ray Microtomography Is a Sensitive Method to Detect Vascular Calcification in Living Rats With Chronic Renal Failure

Osteoprotegerin Inactivation Accelerates Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesion Progression and Calcification in Older ApoE–/– Mice

Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase Regulates Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Subcellular Localization and Selective Lipid Uptake in Hepatocytes

Dysregulation of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Human Carotid Atherosclerosis

Number and Function of Endothelial Progenitor Cells as a Marker of Severity for Diabetic Vasculopathy

Chemokines and Incident Coronary Heart Disease: Results From the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Case-Cohort Study, 1984–2002

Thrombosis

99mTc-Annexin-V Functional Imaging of Luminal Thrombus Activity in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

-Tocopherol Modulates Phosphatidylserine Externalization in Erythrocytes: Relevance in Phospholipid Transfer Protein–Deficient Mice

Interleukin-6 Induction of Protein S Is Regulated Through Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3

Spotlight

Chimeric VEGF-E_NZ7/PlGF Promotes Angiogenesis Via VEGFR-2 Without Significant Enhancement of Vascular Permeability and Inflammation

Protection of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From H₂O₂-Induced Apoptosis Through Functional Codependence Between HO-1 and AKT

Upregulation of Arginase by H₂O₂ Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Nitric Oxide-Mediated Dilation of Coronary Arterioles

CX₃CR1 Deficiency Confers Protection From Intimal Hyperplasia After Arterial Injury

Endothelial ${alpha}$ ß₃ Integrin–Targeted Fumagillin Nanoparticles Inhibit Angiogenesis in Atherosclerosis

Osteoprotegerin Inactivation Accelerates Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesion Progression and Calcification in Older ApoE^–/– Mice

^99mTc-Annexin-V Functional Imaging of Luminal Thrombus Activity in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

${alpha}$ -Tocopherol Modulates Phosphatidylserine Externalization in Erythrocytes: Relevance in Phospholipid Transfer Protein–Deficient Mice