Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology -- Table of Contents (26 [8])

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Volume 26, Issue 8; August 1, 2006

Editorials
Brief Reviews
Vascular Biology
Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
Thrombosis
Letters to the Editor

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	Editorials
	Clopidogrel Pharmacogenetics: Promising Steps Towards Patient Care? Amber L. Beitelshees and Howard L. McLeod Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1681-1683, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000232583.51472.73. Full Text \| PDF
	The Nine Lives of ACAT Inhibitors Robert V. Farese, Jr Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1684-1686, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000227511.35456.90. Full Text \| PDF
	Understanding Changes in High Density Lipoproteins During the Acute Phase Response Brian J. Van Lenten, Srinivasa T. Reddy, Mohamad Navab, and Alan M. Fogelman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1687-1688, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000232522.47018.a6. Full Text \| PDF
	Soy Protein, Isoflavones, and Cardiovascular Health: A Summary of a Statement for Professionals From the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee Frank M. Sacks, Alice Lichtenstein, Linda Van Horn, William Harris, Penny Kris-Etherton, Mary Winston for the AHA Nutrition Committee Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1689-1692, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000227471.00284.ef. Full Text \| PDF
	Brief Reviews
	Diabetic Vascular Disease: An Experimental Objective Ira J. Goldberg and Hayes M. Dansky Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1693-1701; published online before print June 8 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000231521.76545.f6. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Despite a plethora of in vitro data showing toxic effects of hyperglycemia, accelerated atherosclerosis does not always accompany diabetes in animals. This might result from genetic differences, time course, or because risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, are present and overwhelm any toxic effects of hyperglycemia.
	Scavenger Receptors in Atherosclerosis: Beyond Lipid Uptake Kathryn J. Moore and Mason W. Freeman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1702-1711; published online before print May 25 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000229218.97976.43. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Atherosclerosis arises from the deposition and retention of serum lipoproteins in the artery wall. Macrophage scavenger receptors bind modified lipoproteins and promote cellular cholesterol accumulation in the artery wall. This review focuses on recent advances in scavenger receptor regulation and signal transduction, and highlights their roles in lipid accumulation and inflammation.
	Transforming Growth Factor-ßs and Vascular Disorders Alex Bobik Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1712-1720; published online before print May 4 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000225287.20034.2c. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF TGF-ßs regulate diverse functions on vascular cells. They participate in atherosclerosis and restenosis regulating T-cell and smooth muscle cell functions. Defective signaling attributable to ALK-1 and endoglin mutations underlies development of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, whereas type II bone morphogenetic receptor mutations have been linked to primary pulmonary hypertension.
	Pathogenesis of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: A Disease Process Comes of Age (and a Good Deal More) Kevin D. O’Brien Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1721-1728; published online before print May 18 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000227513.13697.ac. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Over the past 10 to 15 years, calcific aortic valve disease, which includes aortic sclerosis and aortic stenosis, has come to be recognized as an active process, based on numerous studies. These studies will be reviewed and organized into a proposed, global hypothesis for the pathogenesis of calcific aortic valve disease.
	Flow Effects on Coagulation and Thrombosis James J. Hathcock Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1729-1737; published online before print June 1 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000229658.76797.30. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Thrombosis occurs in a dynamic rheological field where flow conditions regulate the transport of coagulation factors, inhibitors, and cells. Hemodynamic forces regulate not only the predilection of specific anatomic sites to thrombosis but strongly influence the biochemical makeup of thrombi and the reaction pathways involved in thrombus formation.
	Thrombin-Cofactor Interactions: Structural Insights Into Regulatory Mechanisms Ty E. Adams and James A. Huntington Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1738-1745; published online before print May 25 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000228844.65168.d1. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Substrate recognition by thrombin is largely controlled by cofactors, and crystal structures have now been reported for all of the thrombin-cofactor complexes. The purpose of this article is to summarize the features of these structures and to discuss the mechanisms and physiological relevance of cofactor binding in thrombin regulation.
	Vascular Biology
	Role of Oxidative Stress in Remodeling of the Myocardial Microcirculation in Hypertension Xiang-Yang Zhu, Elena Daghini, Alejandro R. Chade, Martin Rodriguez-Porcel, Claudio Napoli, Amir Lerman, and Lilach O. Lerman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1746-1752; published online before print May 18 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000227469.40826.01. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The mechanisms of myocardial microvascular remodeling in early hypertension (HT) were investigated in pigs. Increased myocardial microvascular density in experimental HT was accompanied by tissue oxidative stress, inflammation, and altered growth factor expression, and attenuated by antioxidant intervention. This study underscores a role of increased oxidative stress in modulating myocardial microvascular architecture in early HT.
	NADPH Oxidase Accounts for Enhanced Superoxide Production and Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Smooth Muscle Relaxation in BKß1^–/– Mice Matthias Oelze, Ascan Warnholtz, Jörg Faulhaber, Philip Wenzel, Andrei L. Kleschyov, Meike Coldewey, Ulrich Hink, Olaf Pongs, Ingrid Fleming, Sven Wassmann, Thomas Meinertz, Heimo Ehmke, Andreas Daiber, and Thomas Münzel Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1753-1759; published online before print June 8 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000231511.26860.50. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Endothelium-dependent relaxation is compromised in mice lacking the ß1 subunit of the large conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channel. Expression of the NADPH oxidase subunit p67phox and aortic superoxide are increased, but endothelial NO production is normal. Thus, BKß1 deletion induces endothelial dysfunction, at least in part, via NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production.
	Angiogenic Murine Endothelial Progenitor Cells Are Derived From a Myeloid Bone Marrow Fraction and Can Be Identified by Endothelial NO Synthase Expression C.J.M. Loomans, H. Wan, R. de Crom, R. van Haperen, H.C. de Boer, P.J.M. Leenen, H.A. Drexhage, T.J. Rabelink, A.J. van Zonneveld, and F.J.T. Staal Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1760-1767; published online before print May 25 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000229243.49320.c9. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The lineage relationship of EPCs and other blood cells has remained elusive. Using eNOS-GFP transgenic mice, we show that EPCs share phenotypic and functional characteristics with myeloid cells and develop from myeloid precursors in the bone marrow. However, they have unique angiogenic function, providing a rationale for therapeutic neovascularization applications.
	VEGF Activates Receptor-Operated Cation Channels in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells H.-W. Cheng, A.F. James, R.R. Foster, J.C. Hancox, and D.O. Bates Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1768-1776; published online before print June 8 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000231518.86795.0f. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement In human microvascular endothelial cells, VEGF activated a 27 pS, gadolinium-sensitive cation current, reversing at 0 mV, that was independent of calcium stores, IP3 receptors, or serine/threonine kinases. A similar current was activated by OAG and, in VEGFR2-TRPC3- and VEGFR2-TRPC6-transfected cells, by VEGF. VEGF activates a receptor-operated cation channel.
	Augmentation of Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 Yabing Chen, Ralph C. Budd, Robert J. Kelm, Jr, Burton E. Sobel, and David J. Schneider Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1777-1783; published online before print May 18 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000227514.50065.2a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We determined that increased expression of PAI-1 increased proliferation of VSMCs. The balance between caspase-8 and FLIP favored proliferation when PAI-1 was increased. Thus, when vascular wall PAI-1 is increased, restenosis after coronary intervention is likely to be potentiated by greater proliferation of VSMCs and resistance to apoptosis.
	Laminar Shear Stress Inhibits Cathepsin L Activity in Endothelial Cells Manu O. Platt, Randall F. Ankeny, and Hanjoong Jo Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1784-1790; published online before print May 18 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000227470.72109.2b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Cathepsins have been implicated in vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis, but it is not known whether shear stress regulates them. Here, we show that atheroprotective laminar shear inhibits elastase and gelatinase activities in endothelial cells in a cathepsin L-dependent manner. This may protect vascular wall matrix integrity and prevent atherosclerosis.
	Increased Expression of Elastolytic Cathepsins S, K, and V and Their Inhibitor Cystatin C in Stenotic Aortic Valves Satu Helske, Suvi Syväranta, Ken A. Lindstedt, Jani Lappalainen, Katariina Öörni, Mikko I. Mäyränpää, Jyri Lommi, Heikki Turto, Kalervo Werkkala, Markku Kupari, and Petri T. Kovanen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1791-1798; published online before print May 25 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000228824.01604.63. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Here, we demonstrate increased expression and activity of the elastolytic cathepsins S, K, and V and their endogenous inhibitor cystatin C in stenotic aortic valves. These findings suggest that these cathepsins may participate in the adverse remodeling of the valves and accelerate the progression of aortic stenosis.
	Variation in the Human Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Individuals Yasmin, Carmel M. McEniery, Kevin M. O’Shaughnessy, Patrick Harnett, Asif Arshad, Sharon Wallace, Kaisa Maki-Petaja, Barry McDonnell, Mike J. Ashby, John Brown, John R. Cockcroft, and Ian B. Wilkinson Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1799-1805; published online before print May 18 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000227717.46157.32. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We examined the influence of known MMP-9 polymorphisms on arterial stiffness and elastases in a large cohort of healthy individuals. Aortic stiffness and serum elastases are significantly influenced by MMP-9 polymorphisms, suggesting that genetic variation in this protein may be involved in the process of large artery stiffening.
	Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
	Reciprocal and Coordinate Regulation of Serum Amyloid A Versus Apolipoprotein A-I and Paraoxonase-1 by Inflammation in Murine Hepatocytes Chang Yeop Han, Tsuyoshi Chiba, Jean S. Campbell, Nelson Fausto, Michelle Chaisson, Gabriela Orasanu, Jorge Plutzky, and Alan Chait Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1806-1813; published online before print May 18 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000227472.70734.ad. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Stimulation of cultured hepatocytes with proinflammatory cytokines increased the expression of SAA and concurrently inhibited apoA-I and PON-1 expression. Thus, changes in the regulation of these HDL apolipoproteins could account for changes in HDL composition during inflammation rather than displacement of apoA-I and PON-1 by SAA.
	Liver-Specific Inhibition of Acyl-Coenzyme A:Cholesterol Acyltransferase 2 With Antisense Oligonucleotides Limits Atherosclerosis Development in Apolipoprotein B100–Only Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor^–/– Mice Thomas A. Bell, III, J. Mark Brown, Mark J. Graham, Kristina M. Lemonidis, Rosanne M. Crooke, and Lawrence L. Rudel Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1814-1820; published online before print May 4 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000225289.30767.06. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Liver-specific inhibition of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 using antisense oligonucleotides was found to be effective in reducing plasma cholesterol, increasing plasma triglycerides, and shifting LDL cholesteryl ester fatty acids to become mainly polyunsaturated. These changes resulted in a reduction of aortic atherosclerosis in apoB100-only LDLr-/- mice.
	Hepatic ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 Is a Key Molecule in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesteryl Ester Metabolism in Mice Roshni R. Singaraja, Bjorn Stahmer, May Brundert, Martin Merkel, Joerg Heeren, Nagat Bissada, Martin Kang, Jenelle M. Timmins, Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan, John S. Parks, Michael R. Hayden, and Franz Rinninger Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1821-1827; published online before print May 25 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000229219.13757.a2. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The role of ABCA1 in HDL metabolism was investigated with doubly radiolabeled HDL. In mice with transgenic expression of ABCA1 or in mice with deletions of this transport protein, it is shown that ABCA1 has a substantial effect on HDL turnover in plasma and on HDL catabolism by the liver.
	Consistent Effects of Genes Involved in Reverse Cholesterol Transport on Plasma Lipid and Apolipoprotein Levels in CARDIA Participants Kathy L.E. Klos, Charles F. Sing, Eric Boerwinkle, Sara C. Hamon, Thomas J. Rea, Andrew Clark, Myriam Fornage, and James E. Hixson Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1828-1836; published online before print June 8 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000231523.19199.45. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement To identify common gene variations with a consistent influence we evaluated 262 SNPs in 54 genes for association with 6 plasma lipid and apolipoprotein traits. We identified 14 SNPs and 9 gene regions with genotype effects.
	Novel Candidate Genes in Unstable Areas of Human Atherosclerotic Plaques Marianna Papaspyridonos, Alberto Smith, Kevin G. Burnand, Peter Taylor, Soundrie Padayachee, Keith E. Suckling, Christian H. James, David R. Greaves, and Lisa Patel Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1837-1844; published online before print June 1 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000229695.68416.76. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Differential gene expression in stable and unstable plaque was assessed by whole transcriptome analysis. Intraplaque analysis by QT-PCR confirmed the differential expression of 18 genes not associated previously with plaque rupture. These genes may represent novel targets for the treatment of unstable plaque or useful diagnostic markers of plaque instability.
	Inhibition of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Tina Raj, Peter Kanellakis, Giovanna Pomilio, Garry Jennings, Alex Bobik, and Alex Agrotis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1845-1851; published online before print May 18 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000227689.41288.5e. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement To assess the significance of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) for atherosclerosis, we inhibited this system in apoE-/- mice. Such inhibition markedly reduced smooth muscle cell and macrophage accumulation, attenuated atherosclerotic lesion severity, and greatly reduced FGFR-1 phosphorylation. Thus, FGF:FGFR-1 signaling promotes the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
	Complete Prevention of Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice by Hepatic Human ApoE Gene Transfer With Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes 7 and 8 Ken Kitajima, Dawn H.L. Marchadier, Gwen C. Miller, Guang-ping Gao, James M. Wilson, and Daniel J. Rader Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1852-1857; published online before print June 8 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000231520.26490.54. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Intravenous administration of AAV2/7- and AAV2/8-apoE vectors effectively mediated robust and sustained hepatic-specific expression of apoE in apoE-deficient mice, resulting in complete prevention of atherosclerosis at 1 year.
	Role of Bone Marrow–Derived CC-Chemokine Receptor 5 in the Development of Atherosclerosis of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice Stéphane Potteaux, Christophe Combadière, Bruno Esposito, Cedric Lecureuil, Hafid Ait-Oufella, Régine Merval, Patrice Ardouin, Alain Tedgui, and Ziad Mallat Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1858-1863; published online before print June 8 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000231527.22762.71. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement CC chemokine receptor CCR5 is expressed by atheroma-associated cells and could mediates leukocyte attraction into developing lesions. We examined the role of bone marrow-derived CCR5 the in the development of atherosclerotic lesions after 8, 12, or 35 weeks of high-fat diet in low-density lipoprotein-receptor-deficient mice. We showed that bone marrow-derived CCR5 favors the development of an inflammatory and collagen-poor plaque phenotype in association with decreased macrophage-derived IL-10 and enhanced T cell-derived TNF-{alpha}. These effects were not sustained in the very advanced stages of atherosclerosis.
	Parthenolide Modulates the NF- ${kappa}$ B–Mediated Inflammatory Responses in Experimental Atherosclerosis Oscar López-Franco, Purificación Hernández-Vargas, Guadalupe Ortiz-Muñoz, Guillermo Sanjuán, Yusuke Suzuki, Luis Ortega, Julia Blanco, Jesús Egido, and Carmen Gómez-Guerrero Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1864-1870; published online before print June 1 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000229659.94020.53. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement PTN inhibits the NF-{kappa}B activation and expression of regulated genes in cultured VSMCs and monocytes. PTN protects against the development of atherosclerosis in apoE mice by inhibition of NF-{kappa}B and reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration. PTN treatment may represent a novel therapeutic approach to atherosclerosis.
	Hypoxia Converts Human Macrophages Into Triglyceride-Loaded Foam Cells Pontus Boström, Björn Magnusson, Per-Arne Svensson, Olov Wiklund, Jan Borén, Lena M. S. Carlsson, Marcus Ståhlman, Sven-Olof Olofsson, and Lillemor Mattsson Hultén Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1871-1876; published online before print June 1 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000229665.78997.0b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Exposure of human macrophages to hypoxia resulted in an increased accumulation of cytosolic lipid droplets containing triglycerides. This accumulation was attributable to increased triglyceride biosynthesis, reduced ß-oxidation of fatty acids, and increased expression of ADRP.
	Maternal Diet During Pregnancy and Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Children Catharine R. Gale, Benyu Jiang, Sian M. Robinson, Keith M. Godfrey, Catherine M. Law, and Christopher N. Martyn Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1877-1882; published online before print May 25 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000228819.13039.b8. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF A restricted maternal diet during gestation can lead to endothelial dysfunction in animals. We studied the relation between maternal diet during pregnancy and IMT in children. IMT was greater in children whose mothers had lower energy intakes. Lower maternal energy intake during pregnancy may increase the susceptibility to atherogenesis of children.
	Childhood C-Reactive Protein in Predicting CRP and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study Markus Juonala, Jorma S.A. Viikari, Tapani Rönnemaa, Leena Taittonen, Jukka Marniemi, and Olli T. Raitakari Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1883-1888; published online before print May 25 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000228818.11968.7a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Recent findings have supported the view that inflammation has an integral part in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. In the present study, childhood C-reactive protein (CRP) values predict weakly but significantly adult CRP, and this association is independent of other metabolic risk factors. Unlike conventional risk factors measured in childhood, CRP does not predict adult intima-media thickness.
	Assessment of Culprit Plaque Temperature by Intracoronary Thermography Appears Inconclusive in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Lukasz Rzeszutko, Jacek Legutko, Grzegorz L. Kaluza, Marcin Wizimirski, Angela Richter, Michal Chyrchel, Grzegorz Heba, Jacek S. Dubiel, and Dariusz Dudek Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1889-1894; published online before print June 15 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000232500.93340.54. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We performed an intracoronary thermography study in 40 arteries responsible for ACS. Temperature gradient between culprit and nonculprit segments was observed only when transient blood flow interruption occurred during thermography. Because of the blood cooling effect on the arterial wall the novel thermography system failed to differentiate lesions at risk.
	Thrombosis
	Contribution of Gene Sequence Variations of the Hepatic Cytochrome P450 3A4 Enzyme to Variability in Individual Responsiveness to Clopidogrel Dominick J. Angiolillo, Antonio Fernandez-Ortiz, Esther Bernardo, Celia Ramírez, Ugo Cavallari, Elisabetta Trabetti, Manel Sabaté, Rosana Hernández, Raul Moreno, Javier Escaned, Fernando Alfonso, Camino Bañuelos, Marco A. Costa, Theodore A. Bass, Pier Franco Pignatti, and Carlos Macaya Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1895-1900; published online before print April 27 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000223867.25324.1a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Gene sequence variations of CYP3A4 have been suggested to contribute to clopidogrel responsiveness. Carriers of the IVS10+12A allele had reduced GP IIb/IIIa activation (P=0.025) in the steady phase of treatment and more optimal responsiveness (P=0.003) after loading dose administration. In conclusion, genetic variations of CYP3A4 may contribute clopidogrel response variability.
	Familial Elevated Factor VIII in Children With Symptomatic Venous Thrombosis and Post-Thrombotic Syndrome: Results of a Multicenter Study Wolfhart Kreuz, Monika Stoll, Ralf Junker, Achim Heinecke, Rosemarie Schobess, Karin Kurnik, Reinhard Kelsch, and Ulrike Nowak-Göttl Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1901-1906; published online before print May 18 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000227510.36653.ed. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Case-control study measuring FVIII in children experiencing DVT. FVIII values were elevated in patients. The odds ratio for FVIII above the 90th percentile was increased in DVT patients. The heritable(h2)/household(c2) components were calculated for FVIII:Ag levels (h2, 0.48{+/-}0.15; c2, 0.21), and FVIII:C (h2, 0.61{+/-}0.15; c2, 0.41).
	Human Platelets Secrete the Plasma Type of Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase Primarily Associated With Microparticles John V. Mitsios, Maria P. Vini, Dominique Stengel, Ewa Ninio, and Alexandros D. Tselepis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1907-1913; published online before print May 25 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000228821.79588.ef. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Activated platelets secrete the plasma type of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) primarily associated with platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) in vitro. Importantly, the enzyme activity is also detected on circulating PMPs in normolipidemic plasma, suggesting that the PMP-associated PAF-AH may play a role in the dissemination of biological activities mediated by these particles.
	Joint Linkage and Association of Six Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Factor XIII-A Subunit Gene Point to V34L As the Main Functional Locus Marlies de Lange, Toby Andrew, Harold Snieder, Dongliang Ge, T. Simon Futers, Kristina Standeven, Tim D. Spector, Peter J. Grant, and Robert A.S. Ariëns Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1914-1919; published online before print June 8 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000231538.60223.92. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF A joint test of linkage and association of 6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the factor XIII-A subunit gene, genotyped in 201 dizygotic female white twin pairs, indicates that a common variant (V34L) in the factor XIII-A subunit gene is the main functional variant influencing factor XIII activation.
	Genetic Risk for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Yoshiji Yamada, Norifumi Metoki, Hidemi Yoshida, Kei Satoh, Sahoko Ichihara, Kimihiko Kato, Takashi Kameyama, Kiyoshi Yokoi, Hitoshi Matsuo, Tomonori Segawa, Sachiro Watanabe, and Yoshinori Nozawa Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1920-1925; published online before print June 1 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000229694.97827.38. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The relations of 202 gene polymorphisms to atherothrombotic cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage were examined. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations of IL6 genotype with both atherothrombotic cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage and of genotypes for UCP3, TNF, and PKD1-like with subarachnoid hemorrhage.
	Letters to the Editor
	Effect of Atorvastatin on Plasma Osteopontin Levels in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia Nobukiyo Tanaka, Yukihiko Momiyama, Reiko Ohmori, Atsushi Yonemura, Makoto Ayaori, Masatsune Ogura, Shojiro Sawada, Masatoshi Kusuhara, Haruo Nakamura, and Fumitaka Ohsuzu Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e129-e130, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000229701.42828.73. Full Text \| PDF
	Nox2 Is Determinant for Ischemia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Arterial Vasodilatation: A Pilot Study in Patients With Hereditary Nox2 Deficiency F. Violi, V. Sanguigni, L. Loffredo, R. Carnevale, B. Buchetti, A. Finocchi, M. Tesauro, P. Rossi, and P. Pignatelli Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e131-e132, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000229710.13054.2d. Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement
	Pioglitazone Reduces Endothelial Microparticles in the Metabolic Syndrome Katherine Esposito, Miryam Ciotola, and Dario Giugliano Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1926, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000231512.15115.25. Full Text \| PDF

Spotlight

TOC Spotlight File

Volume 26, Issue 8; August 1, 2006

Editorials

Clopidogrel Pharmacogenetics: Promising Steps Towards Patient Care?

The Nine Lives of ACAT Inhibitors

Understanding Changes in High Density Lipoproteins During the Acute Phase Response

Soy Protein, Isoflavones, and Cardiovascular Health: A Summary of a Statement for Professionals From the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee

Brief Reviews

Diabetic Vascular Disease: An Experimental Objective

Scavenger Receptors in Atherosclerosis: Beyond Lipid Uptake

Transforming Growth Factor-ßs and Vascular Disorders

Pathogenesis of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: A Disease Process Comes of Age (and a Good Deal More)

Flow Effects on Coagulation and Thrombosis

Thrombin-Cofactor Interactions: Structural Insights Into Regulatory Mechanisms

Vascular Biology

Role of Oxidative Stress in Remodeling of the Myocardial Microcirculation in Hypertension

NADPH Oxidase Accounts for Enhanced Superoxide Production and Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Smooth Muscle Relaxation in BKß1–/– Mice

Angiogenic Murine Endothelial Progenitor Cells Are Derived From a Myeloid Bone Marrow Fraction and Can Be Identified by Endothelial NO Synthase Expression

VEGF Activates Receptor-Operated Cation Channels in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Augmentation of Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1

Laminar Shear Stress Inhibits Cathepsin L Activity in Endothelial Cells

Increased Expression of Elastolytic Cathepsins S, K, and V and Their Inhibitor Cystatin C in Stenotic Aortic Valves

Variation in the Human Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Individuals

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

Reciprocal and Coordinate Regulation of Serum Amyloid A Versus Apolipoprotein A-I and Paraoxonase-1 by Inflammation in Murine Hepatocytes

Liver-Specific Inhibition of Acyl-Coenzyme A:Cholesterol Acyltransferase 2 With Antisense Oligonucleotides Limits Atherosclerosis Development in Apolipoprotein B100–Only Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–/– Mice

Hepatic ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 Is a Key Molecule in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesteryl Ester Metabolism in Mice

Consistent Effects of Genes Involved in Reverse Cholesterol Transport on Plasma Lipid and Apolipoprotein Levels in CARDIA Participants

Novel Candidate Genes in Unstable Areas of Human Atherosclerotic Plaques

Inhibition of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice

Complete Prevention of Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice by Hepatic Human ApoE Gene Transfer With Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes 7 and 8

Role of Bone Marrow–Derived CC-Chemokine Receptor 5 in the Development of Atherosclerosis of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice

Parthenolide Modulates the NF-B–Mediated Inflammatory Responses in Experimental Atherosclerosis

Hypoxia Converts Human Macrophages Into Triglyceride-Loaded Foam Cells

Maternal Diet During Pregnancy and Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Children

Childhood C-Reactive Protein in Predicting CRP and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

Assessment of Culprit Plaque Temperature by Intracoronary Thermography Appears Inconclusive in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes

Thrombosis

Contribution of Gene Sequence Variations of the Hepatic Cytochrome P450 3A4 Enzyme to Variability in Individual Responsiveness to Clopidogrel

Familial Elevated Factor VIII in Children With Symptomatic Venous Thrombosis and Post-Thrombotic Syndrome: Results of a Multicenter Study

Human Platelets Secrete the Plasma Type of Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase Primarily Associated With Microparticles

Joint Linkage and Association of Six Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Factor XIII-A Subunit Gene Point to V34L As the Main Functional Locus

Genetic Risk for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke

Letters to the Editor

Effect of Atorvastatin on Plasma Osteopontin Levels in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia

Nox2 Is Determinant for Ischemia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Arterial Vasodilatation: A Pilot Study in Patients With Hereditary Nox2 Deficiency

Pioglitazone Reduces Endothelial Microparticles in the Metabolic Syndrome

Spotlight

NADPH Oxidase Accounts for Enhanced Superoxide Production and Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Smooth Muscle Relaxation in BKß1^–/– Mice

Liver-Specific Inhibition of Acyl-Coenzyme A:Cholesterol Acyltransferase 2 With Antisense Oligonucleotides Limits Atherosclerosis Development in Apolipoprotein B100–Only Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor^–/– Mice

Parthenolide Modulates the NF- ${kappa}$ B–Mediated Inflammatory Responses in Experimental Atherosclerosis