Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology -- Table of Contents (26 [7])

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Volume 26, Issue 7; July 1, 2006

Editorials
Brief Reviews
Vascular Biology
Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
Thrombosis
Letters to the Editor
News From the American Heart Association
Meetings Calendar

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	Editorials
	Vasoocclusion in Sickle Cell Anemia: Are Platelets Really Involved? Joel S. Bennett Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1415-1416, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000227595.97898.3f. Full Text \| PDF
	Beneficial Effects of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Atherosclerosis Charles J. Lowenstein Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1417-1418, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000226550.89264.91. Full Text \| PDF
	New Tricks From an Old Dog: Nitric Oxide-Independent Effects of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase James Leiper and Patrick Vallance Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1419-1420, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000229598.55602.17. Full Text \| PDF
	Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: Group IIa and Group V sPLA₂ Are Not Redundant Frederick C. de Beer and Nancy R. Webb Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1421-1422, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000227561.89488.9a. Full Text \| PDF
	Brief Reviews
	Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Calcification: Lessons Learned From The Aorta Jian-Su Shao, Jun Cai, and Dwight A. Towler Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1423-1430; published online before print April 6 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000220441.42041.20. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Vascular calcification increasingly afflicts our aging and dysmetabolic population. Once considered a passive process, it has emerged as an actively regulated form of calcified tissue metabolism, resembling the mineralization of endochondral and membranous bone. In this review, we discuss the biology of vascular calcification. We highlight how aortic fibrofatty tissue expansion (adventitia, valve interstitium), the adventitial-medial vasa, vascular matrix, and matrix vesicle metabolism contribute to the regulation of aortic calcium deposition, with greatest emphasis placed on diabetic vascular disease.
	The Multiple Languages of Endothelial Cell-to-Cell Communication Stefan Liebner, Ugo Cavallaro, and Elisabetta Dejana Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1431-1438; published online before print March 23 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000218510.04541.5e. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Excess NO causes apoptosis through the ER stress pathway in some types of cells. It was found that the ER stress pathway is activated by various stresses, and when stresses are severe, apoptosis is induced. The NO-induced ER stress pathway may be involved in pathogenesis of various vascular diseases.
	Nitric Oxide and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Tomomi Gotoh and Masataka Mori Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1439-1446; published online before print April 27 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000223900.67024.15. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Excess NO causes apoptosis through the ER stress pathway in some types of cells. It was found that the ER stress pathway is activated by various stresses, and when stresses are severe, apoptosis is induced. The NO-induced ER stress pathway may be involved in pathogenesis of various vascular diseases.
	T Cell Costimulation in the Development of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: Potential Targets for Therapeutic Interventions Mitsuaki Isobe, Hisanori Kosuge, and Jun-ichi Suzuki Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1447-1456; published online before print April 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000222906.78307.7b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a serious complication after heart transplantation. Continuous minor endothelial cell damage and subsequent T cell activation evoke inflammatory processes. Many costimulatory pathways for T cell activation are involved. The role of these pathways in CAV development and atherogenesis are discussed in this brief review.
	Vascular Biology
	New Insights to Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell and Pericyte Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro Henrik Lindskog, Elisabet Athley, Erik Larsson, Samuel Lundin, Mats Hellström, and Per Lindahl Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1457-1464; published online before print April 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000222925.49817.17. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We developed an ES cell-based angiogenesis/vasculogenesis model and characterized the system for VSMC and pericyte differentiation. Five days of culture on OP9 feeder cells induced expression of VSMC/pericyte-specific genes in mouse ES cells. The induction was temporally separated from the induction of SMC-specific genes, which suggest regulation by separate mechanisms. Finally, PDGFB and TGFß1 were dispensable for pericyte differentiation.
	Combination of In Vivo Angiopoietin-1 Gene Transfer and Autologous Bone Marrow Cell Implantation for Functional Therapeutic Angiogenesis Koichi Kobayashi, Takahisa Kondo, Natsuo Inoue, Mika Aoki, Masaaki Mizuno, Kimihiro Komori, Jun Yoshida, and Toyoaki Murohara Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1465-1472; published online before print April 27 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000223865.64812.26. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Ang-1 gene and BM-MNCs combination therapy significantly augmented the angiographic score and capillary density, accompanied by functional improvement of skin ulcer score and TcO2 in the ischemic limb. This new Ang-1 gene and BM-MNC combination therapy enhances not only quantitative but also qualitative angiogenesis in ischemic tissues.
	Comparative Effects of Paclitaxel and Rapamycin on Smooth Muscle Migration and Survival: Role of Akt-Dependent Signaling Cam Patterson, Sabeen Mapera, Hui-Hua Li, Nageswara Madamanchi, Eleanor Hilliard, Rob Lineberger, Robert Herrmann, and Peter Charles Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1473-1480; published online before print April 27 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000223866.42883.3b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We used smooth muscle cells to compare the activities of rapamycin and paclitaxel. Rapamycin potently activates AKT-dependent signaling, an effect that causes phosphorylation of FOXO1. This effect is associated with attenuation of the anti-migratory effects of rapamycin and with protection against cytotoxicity, both of which are dependent on FOXO1 phosphorylation.
	Protection of Endothelial Survival by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- ${delta}$ Mediated 14-3-3 Upregulation Jun-Yang Liou, Sang Lee, Dipak Ghelani, Nevenka Matijevic-Aleksic, and Kenneth K. Wu Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1481-1487; published online before print April 27 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000223875.14120.93. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We postulated that EC-synthesized PGI2 protects ECs from apoptosis. Results show that PGI2 generated by transduction with an adenoviral vector containing a bicistronic cyclooxygenase-1 and PGI2 synthase construct (Ad-COPI) or synthetic carbaprostacyclin (cPGI2) suppressed H2O2-induced EC apoptosis by a novel PPAR{delta}-mediated 14-3-3{alpha} transcriptional upregulation.
	Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 2 Increases Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression Through Sp1 Transcription Factor in Endothelial Cells Kazuhiro Hasegawa, Shu Wakino, Toru Tanaka, Masumi Kimoto, Satoru Tatematsu, Takeshi Kanda, Kyoko Yoshioka, Koichiro Homma, Naoki Sugano, Masahiko Kurabayashi, Takao Saruta, and Koichi Hayashi Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1488-1494; published online before print March 30 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000219615.88323.b4. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement This study demonstrates PKA- and Sp1-dependent transcriptional upregulation of VEGF by DDAH2 in vascular endothelial cells. This mechanism is specific for DDAH2 and independent of NO/NOS system. The induction of VEGF by DDAH2 may contribute to DDAH-induced angiogenesis and constitute a novel therapeutic target of angiogenesis-related diseases.
	Evidence for a Functional Role of Endothelial Transient Receptor Potential V4 in Shear Stress–Induced Vasodilatation Ralf Köhler, Willm-Thomas Heyken, Philipp Heinau, Rudolf Schubert, Han Si, Michael Kacik, Christoph Busch, Ivica Grgic, Tanja Maier, and Joachim Hoyer Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1495-1502; published online before print May 4 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000225698.36212.6a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Ca2+-permeable mechanosensitive channels are believed to be important in endothelial mechanotransduction. The present study provides evidence that the TRPV4 channel, a putatively mechanosensitive member of the TRPV family, mediates wall shear stress-induced vasodilatation in a NO-dependent manner.
	Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Activation of Transforming Growth Factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) and TGF-ß1–Type II Receptor Signaling Within the Aged Arterial Wall Mingyi Wang, Di Zhao, Gaia Spinetti, Jing Zhang, Li-Qun Jiang, Gianfranco Pintus, Robert Monticone, and Edward G. Lakatta Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1503-1509; published online before print May 11 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000225777.58488.f2. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We analyzed MMP-2 effects on TGF-ß1 activation status and downstream signaling during age-associated arterial remodeling. MMP-2 increased TGF-ß1 activity, collagen, and fibronectin within aortic rings or VSMCs from young rats to the levels that occur in old animals. All of these effects are substantially reduced by inhibition of MMP-2.
	Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition Attenuates Aortic Calcification Xiao Qin, Matthew A. Corriere, Lynn M. Matrisian, and Raul J. Guzman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1510-1516; published online before print May 11 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000225807.76419.a7. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Arterial calcification is associated with MMP-mediated matrix degradation. Inhibiting MMP activity with doxycycline or the synthetic MMP-inhibitor GM6001 prevents calcium accumulation in the arterial wall.
	Cardiomyocyte-Specific Overexpression of NO Synthase-3 Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury John W. Elrod, James J.M. Greer, Nathan S. Bryan, Will Langston, Jeffrey F. Szot, Henock Gebregzlabher, Stefan Janssens, Martin Feelisch, and David J. Lefer Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1517-1523; published online before print April 27 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000224324.52466.e6. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Cardiomyoctye-specific eNOS overexpression (CS eNOS-Tg) versus systemic overexpression (SYS eNOS-Tg) was evaluated in MI-R injury. CS eNOS-Tg mice displayed decreased infarct size and preservation of cardiac function compared with SYS eNOS-Tg mice. These results provide evidence that site-specific targeting of eNOS gene therapy may be more advantageous in limiting MI-R injury.
	Estrogen Receptor ß Protects the Murine Heart Against Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Fawzi A. Babiker, Daniel Lips, Rainer Meyer, Els Delvaux, Pieter Zandberg, Ben Janssen, Guillaume van Eys, Christian Grohé, and Pieter A. Doevendans Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1524-1530; published online before print April 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000223344.11128.23. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement E2 protects the murine heart against LVH via ERß. Presence of E2 antagonizes the increase in heart weight with TAC. This protective effect is played by blocking the increased phosphorylation of p38-MAPK and increasing the expression of ANF. ER{alpha} appears to be involved in regulation of other processes.
	Therapeutic Potential of a Synthetic Peptide Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells as Antirestenotic Agent Haixiang Yu, Karen Sliedregt-Bol, Herman Overkleeft, Gijs A. van der Marel, Theo J.C. van Berkel, and Erik A.L. Biessen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1531-1537; published online before print May 4 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000225286.30710.af. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Synthetic peptide inhibitor of NFAT selectively and potently inhibits NFAT activation and vSMC proliferation. NFAT and MEK-ERK pathways act in concert to trigger vSMC proliferation. NFAT is the key regulator essential for PDGF-BB-induced vSMC proliferation. VIVIT peptide may lead to more selective and less toxic approaches in antirestenosis therapy.
	Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
	Elevated Plasma Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Level Is Associated With Coronary Artery In-Stent Restenosis Gregory T. Jones, I. Patrick Kay, J.W. S. Chu, G.T. Wilkins, L.V. Phillips, M. McCormick, A.M. van Rij, and M.J.A. Williams Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e121-e125; published online before print May 11 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000226544.93089.7f. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF This study aimed to determine whether plasma MMP-9 or TIMP-1 levels were elevated in patients with a history of (bare metal) in-stent restenosis. Plasma active MMP-9 was independently associated with ISR with a stratified risk association with the number of sites of ISR. Future studies should therefore prospectively evaluate plasma levels of active MMP-9 as a possible independent predictor of ISR.
	Elevated Plasma Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Level Is Associated With Coronary Artery In-Stent Restenosis Gregory T. Jones, I. Patrick Kay, J.W.S. Chu, G.T. Wilkins, L.V. Phillips, M. McCormick, A.M. van Rij, and M.J.A. Williams Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1538. Abstract \| PDF
	Atheroprotective Effects of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice Peter J. Kuhlencordt, Stefanie Hötten, Johannes Schödel, Sebastian Rützel, Kai Hu, Julian Widder, Alexander Marx, Paul L. Huang, and Georg Ertl Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1539-1544; published online before print April 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000223143.88128.19. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Here we test whether neuronal NOS (nNOS) deficiency affects atherosclerosis in apoE/nNOS{alpha} double knockout (DKO) and apoE knockout animals. Male and female DKO animals showed a significant increase in lesion-area. Thus, nNOS{alpha} protects against atherosclerosis. Female but not male DKO mice showed a significant reduction in mean arterial blood pressure.
	Human Paraoxonase-1 Overexpression Inhibits Atherosclerosis in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome Bharti Mackness, Rozenn Quarck, Wim Verreth, Mike Mackness, and Paul Holvoet Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1545-1550; published online before print April 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000222924.62641.aa. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We used adenovirus-mediated PON1 gene transfer to overexpress human PON1 in mice with combined leptin and LDL receptor deficiency, a model of metabolic syndrome. Overexpressing PON1 in this mouse model of metabolic syndrome inhibited the development of atherosclerosis, probably by reducing oxidized LDL in the plaque and plasma, thereby preventing its proatherogenic effects.
	Involvement of the Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 in Human Atherosclerosis Kristina Edfeldt, Birgitta Agerberth, Martin E. Rottenberg, Gudmundur H. Gudmundsson, Xiong-Biao Wang, Kaushik Mandal, Qingbo Xu, and Zhong-qun Yan Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1551-1557; published online before print April 27 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000223901.08459.57. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF To understand the function of vascular innate immunity in atherosclerosis, we investigated the role of the antimicrobial cathelicidin peptide LL-37 in atherosclerosis. We found that LL-37 is produced in atherosclerotic lesions, where it may function as an immune modulator by activating adhesion molecule and chemokine expression, thus enhancing innate immunity in atherosclerosis.
	Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Correlates Positively With Toll-Like Receptor 2 and Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 and Inversely With Superoxide Dismutase-1 Expression: Studies in Hypercholesterolemic Swine and THP-1 Cells Paul Holvoet, Penelope C. Davey, Dieuwke De Keyzer, Mory Doukouré, Els Deridder, Marie-Luce Bochaton-Piallat, Giulio Gabbiani, Emmanuel Beaufort, Karine Bishay, Nancy Andrieux, Nora Benhabilès, and Gérard Marguerie Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1558-1565; published online before print May 11 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000226553.01555.02. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We searched for genes of which their expression in macrophages correlates with the complexity and oxidized LDL content of plaques in coronary arteries of hypercholesterolemic swine. Among 1653 deregulated genes, the interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1; R2=0.69) and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2; R2=0.18) were the strongest positive gene correlates of both complexity and oxidized LDL content. Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; R2=0.57) was the strongest inverse correlate of oxLDL. IRF1 and TLR2 protein correlated positively, and SOD1 protein correlated negatively with plaque oxLDL. OxLDL-induced THP-1 foam cell generation was associated with increased IRF1 and TLR2 and decreased SOD1 expression.
	Adipocyte Differentiation-Related Protein Promotes Fatty Acid Storage in Cytosolic Triglycerides and Inhibits Secretion of Very Low–Density Lipoproteins Björn Magnusson, Lennart Asp, Pontus Boström, Michel Ruiz, Pia Stillemark-Billton, Daniel Lindén, Jan Borén, and Sven-Olof Olofsson Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1566-1571; published online before print April 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000223345.11820.da. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement An increase in the amount of ADRP sequestered fatty acids in triglycerides in cytosolic lipid droplets and prevented them from being incorporated into triglycerides of VLDL. A knockdown (siRNA) decreased the pool of cytosolic lipid droplets and promoted the ß-oxidation of the stored fatty acids and the secretion of apoB-48 VLDL1.
	Atheroprotective Potential of Macrophage-Derived Phospholipid Transfer Protein in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice Is Overcome by Apolipoprotein AI Overexpression David T. Valenta, Nicolas Ogier, Gary Bradshaw, Audrey S. Black, David J. Bonnet, Laurent Lagrost, Linda K. Curtiss, and Catherine M. Desrumaux Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1572-1578; published online before print May 4 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000225700.43836.ae. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Using bone marrow transplantation, macrophage-derived PLTP was shown to be atheroprotective in hypercholesterolemic mice fed a high-fat diet. This effect was only observed in mice with normal apoAI plasma levels and not in transgenic mice with elevated human apoAI plasma levels.
	Secretory Phospholipase A₂ Group V: Lesion Distribution, Activation by Arterial Proteoglycans, and Induction in Aorta by a Western Diet Birgitta Rosengren, Helena Peilot, Mia Umaerus, Ann-Cathrine Jönsson-Rylander, Lillemor Mattsson-Hultén, Carina Hallberg, Philippe Cronet, Mariam Rodriguez-Lee, and Eva Hurt-Camejo Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1579-1585; published online before print April 6 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000221231.56617.67. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement SPLA2-V was observed in human and mouse lesions associated with smooth muscle cells and surrounding foam cells in lipid cores. Proteoglycans increased the activity of sPLA2-V toward low-density lipoproteins. Western diet induced sPLA2-V expression in mouse aorta but not that of sPLA2-IIA. These enzymes may contribute to atherosclerosis by different pathways.
	Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A₂ Predicts Future Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease Independently of Traditional Risk Factors, Markers of Inflammation, Renal Function, and Hemodynamic Stress Wolfgang Koenig, Dorothee Twardella, Hermann Brenner, and Dietrich Rothenbacher Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1586-1593; published online before print April 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000222983.73369.c8. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We found that lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) strongly predicts secondary cardiovascular events in patients with manifest coronary heart disease (CHD). In multivariable analysis, even including markers of inflammation, renal function, and hemodynamic stress, patients in the top tertile of the Lp-PLA2 mass and activity distribution showed -fold increased risk compared with those in the bottom tertile.
	Intrinsic Fluorescence and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Identify Superficial Foam Cells in Coronary Plaques Prone to Erosion George O. Angheloiu, Joseph T. Arendt, Markus G. Müller, Abigail S. Haka, Irene Georgakoudi, Jason T. Motz, Obrad R. Scepanovic, Barry D. Kuban, Jonathan Myles, Frank Miller, Eugene A. Podrez, Maryann Fitzmaurice, John R. Kramer, and Michael S. Feld Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1594-1600; published online before print May 4 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000225699.36212.23. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We demonstrate that intrinsic fluorescence and diffuse reflectance accurately detect coronary plaques with superficial foam cells associated with proteoglycans and smooth muscle cells, 2 markers of coronary erosion. This is a step in our program to develop spectroscopic techniques for real-time in vivo diagnosis of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque.
	Identifying Inflamed Carotid Plaques Using In Vivo USPIO-Enhanced MR Imaging to Label Plaque Macrophages Rikin A. Trivedi, Chinthake Mallawarachi, Jean-Marie U-King-Im, Martin J. Graves, Jo Horsley, Martin J. Goddard, Andrew Brown, Liqun Wang, Peter J. Kirkpatrick, John Brown, and Jonathan H. Gillard Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1601-1606; published online before print April 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000222920.59760.df. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The in vivo detection of plaque inflammation was evaluated using a macrophage labeling MRI contrast agent. Areas of focal signal loss on MRI corresponded to macrophage populations, thereby identifying inflamed plaques in 24 of 27 symptomatic individuals with severe ICA stenosis were detected and confirmed histologically.
	Coronary Atherosclerosis and Alcohol Consumption: Angiographic and Mortality Data Romana Femia, Andrea Natali, Antonio L’Abbate, and Ele Ferrannini Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1607-1612; published online before print April 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000222929.99098.1f. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement In 2141 consecutive patients undergoing quantitative coronary angiography for the clinical work-up of ischemia, moderate (<231g/wk in men, <154 g/wk in women) alcohol consumption was associated with less coronary atherosclerosis and a lower risk (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.00) of cardiac death at follow-up independently of classical cardiovascular risk factors.
	Gene Variants of VAMP8 and HNRPUL1 Are Associated With Early-Onset Myocardial Infarction Dov Shiffman, Charles M. Rowland, Judy Z. Louie, May M. Luke, Lance A. Bare, Joel I. Bolonick, Bradford A. Young, Joseph J. Catanese, Charles F. Stiggins, Clive R. Pullinger, Eric J. Topol, Mary J. Malloy, John P. Kane, Stephen G. Ellis, and James J. Devlin Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1613-1618; published online before print May 11 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000226543.77214.e4. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Genetic associations with early-onset myocardial infarction were identified by testing successively fewer SNPs in 3 consecutive case-control studies. Thus, 11 647 SNPs were tested in the first study, 666 in the second study, and only 8 SNPs were tested in the third study.
	Identification of a Novel C5L2 Variant (S323I) in a French Canadian Family With Familial Combined Hyperlipemia Michel Marcil, Hai Vu, Wei Cui, Zari Dastani, James C. Engert, Daniel Gaudet, Manuel Castro-Cabezas, Allan D. Sniderman, Jacques Genest, Jr, and Katherine Cianflone Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1619-1625; published online before print April 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000222907.72985.0b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement DNA sequencing of C5L2-ASP receptor identified a heterozygous Ser323->Ile substitution in the carboxyl-terminal region. Eight heterozygous family members demonstrated increased plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, apolipoprotein B and ASP. C5L2(+/-) cells had reduced ASP response and Bmax. S323I may alter C5L2 function and contribute to familial combined hyperlipidemia.
	Thrombosis
	Biologically Active CD40 Ligand Is Elevated in Sickle Cell Anemia: Potential Role for Platelet-Mediated Inflammation Sheritha P. Lee, Kenneth I. Ataga, Eugene P. Orringer, David R. Phillips, and Leslie V. Parise Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1626-1631; published online before print April 6 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000220374.00602.a2. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF CD40L is elevated in plasma but depleted from platelets in sickle cell anemia (SCA). These differences are exaggerated during painful crises. CD40L is implicated in SCA plasma-induced production of tissue factor, ICAM-1, and B cells, suggesting that platelet-derived CD40L contributes to inflammation and coagulation in SCA.
	Local Heat Shock Priming Promotes Recanalization of Thromboembolized Microvasculature by Upregulation of Plasminogen Activators Martin Rücker, Thilo Schäfer, Claudia Scheuer, Yves Harder, Brigitte Vollmar, and Michael D. Menger Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1632-1639; published online before print April 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000223144.65958.c3. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Using a rat thromboembolization model and intravital fluorescence microscopy, this study demonstrates that heat shock priming induces endothelium-derived plasminogen activator expression in vivo, and accelerates spontaneous recanalization of thromboembolized microvasculature. This was completely blunted by application of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Thus, heat shock induces endogenous hyperfibrinolysis, which promotes recanalization of thromboembolized microvasculature.
	Two-Phase Antithrombotic Protection After Anti-Glycoprotein VI Treatment in Mice Valerie Schulte, H. Peter Reusch, Miroslava Pozgajová, David Varga-Szabó, Christian Gachet, and Bernhard Nieswandt Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1640-1647; published online before print May 4 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000225697.98093.ed. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Collagen and thrombin are major platelet agonists. The collagen receptor GPVI is an attractive antithrombotic target because its inhibition/absence results in profound antithrombotic protection but no bleeding in mice. We show that mice treated with the anti-GPVI antibody JAQ1 transiently display reduced platelet responses to thrombin and protection against lethal tissue factor-induced thromboembolism.
	Clopidogrel Improves Systemic Endothelial Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Evidence for Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Effects Thomas Heitzer, Volker Rudolph, Edzard Schwedhelm, Manuela Karstens, Karsten Sydow, Michelle Ortak, Peter Tschentscher, Thomas Meinertz, Rainer Böger, and Stephan Baldus Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1648-1652; published online before print May 4 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000225288.74170.dc. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Platelet adenosine phosphate receptor blockade by clopidogrel improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation to acetylcholine and vascular bioavailability of nitric oxide in the human forearm of patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. In addition, inflammatory parameters, ie, hsCRP, sCD40L, and RANTES and oxidative parameters, ie, 8-iso-PG F2{alpha} were reduced. These findings support the concept that activated platelets contribute to endothelial dysfunction and impaired nitric oxide bioavailability.
	Fibrin and Activated Platelets Cooperatively Guide Stem Cells to a Vascular Injury and Promote Differentiation Towards an Endothelial Cell Phenotype H.C. de Boer, C. Verseyden, L.H. Ulfman, J.J. Zwaginga, I. Bot, E.A. Biessen, T.J. Rabelink, and A.J. van Zonneveld Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1653-1659; published online before print April 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000222982.55731.f1. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The hemostatic factors fibrin and activated platelets cooperatively provide the local cues for CD34+ cells to escape (tether and roll) from flowing blood, migrate towards an injury, and differentiate into a more mature endothelial phenotype, ultimately leading to repair of a vascular injury.
	Less Effect of Intranasal Than Oral Hormone Therapy on Factors Associated With Venous Thrombosis Risk in Healthy Postmenopausal Women Majoie Hemelaar, Jan Rosing, Peter Kenemans, M. Christella L.G.D. Thomassen, Didi D.M. Braat, and Marius J. van der Mooren Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1660-1666; published online before print April 27 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000224325.96659.53. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF This randomized, double-blind clinical trial in 90 healthy postmenopausal women compared the effects of intranasal E2/NET and oral E2/NETA therapy on nAPCsr and on other hemostatic parameters associated with venous thrombosis. Effects in the intranasal group were smaller than in the oral group, which may suggest a lower venous thrombosis risk.
	Soluble CD40L Levels Are Regulated by the –3459 A>G Polymorphism and Predict Myocardial Infarction and the Efficacy of Antithrombotic Treatment in Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Anders Mälarstig, Bertil Lindahl, Lars Wallentin, and Agneta Siegbahn Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1667-1673; published online before print April 20 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000222908.78873.36. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Elevation of soluble CD40L was associated with myocardial infarction in the FRISC-II trial, which enrolled 2457 patients with acute coronary syndromes. A prolonged dalteparin treatment was more beneficial in patients with elevated sCD40L. The -3459 A>G SNP in the CD40LG gene was identified as a novel regulator of sCD40L levels.
	Dietary Factors Related to Higher Plasma Fibrinogen Levels of Japanese-Americans in Hawaii Compared With Japanese in Japan Katsuyuki Miura, Hideaki Nakagawa, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Akira Okayama, Shigeyuki Saitoh, J. David Curb, Beatriz L. Rodriguez, Kiyomi Sakata, Nagako Okuda, Katsushi Yoshita, Jeremiah Stamler for the INTERMAP and INTERLIPID Research Groups Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1674-1679; published online before print May 4 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000225701.20965.b9. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We investigated whether dietary factors explain higher plasma fibrinogen levels in Japanese emigrants living a Western lifestyle in Hawaii compared with Japanese in Japan. Data from this epidemiologic study indicate that higher intakes of iron, sugar, and caffeine, plus obesity, account largely for higher fibrinogen levels with Westernized lifestyle.
	Letters to the Editor
	Inhibition of Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase in Liver of Hyperhomocysteinemic Mice Julien Hamelet, Karine Demuth, Jean-Maurice Delabar, and Nathalie Janel Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e126-e127, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000225290.10643.ea. Full Text \| PDF
	Letter to the Editor: Modulation of Toll-Like Receptor Expression: A Further Effect of Statins? José C. Alves-Filho and Fernando Q. Cunha Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e128, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000223146.16466.af. Full Text \| PDF
	News From the American Heart Association
	News From the American Heart Association Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:B1. PDF
	Meetings Calendar
	Meetings Calendar Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:B2-B4. PDF

Spotlight

TOC Spotlight File

Volume 26, Issue 7; July 1, 2006

Editorials

Vasoocclusion in Sickle Cell Anemia: Are Platelets Really Involved?

Beneficial Effects of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Atherosclerosis

New Tricks From an Old Dog: Nitric Oxide-Independent Effects of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase

Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: Group IIa and Group V sPLA2 Are Not Redundant

Brief Reviews

Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Calcification: Lessons Learned From The Aorta

The Multiple Languages of Endothelial Cell-to-Cell Communication

Nitric Oxide and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

T Cell Costimulation in the Development of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: Potential Targets for Therapeutic Interventions

Vascular Biology

New Insights to Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell and Pericyte Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro

Combination of In Vivo Angiopoietin-1 Gene Transfer and Autologous Bone Marrow Cell Implantation for Functional Therapeutic Angiogenesis

Comparative Effects of Paclitaxel and Rapamycin on Smooth Muscle Migration and Survival: Role of Akt-Dependent Signaling

Protection of Endothelial Survival by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- Mediated 14-3-3 Upregulation

Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 2 Increases Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression Through Sp1 Transcription Factor in Endothelial Cells

Evidence for a Functional Role of Endothelial Transient Receptor Potential V4 in Shear Stress–Induced Vasodilatation

Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Activation of Transforming Growth Factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) and TGF-ß1–Type II Receptor Signaling Within the Aged Arterial Wall

Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition Attenuates Aortic Calcification

Cardiomyocyte-Specific Overexpression of NO Synthase-3 Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Estrogen Receptor ß Protects the Murine Heart Against Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Therapeutic Potential of a Synthetic Peptide Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells as Antirestenotic Agent

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

Elevated Plasma Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Level Is Associated With Coronary Artery In-Stent Restenosis

Elevated Plasma Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Level Is Associated With Coronary Artery In-Stent Restenosis

Atheroprotective Effects of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice

Human Paraoxonase-1 Overexpression Inhibits Atherosclerosis in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Involvement of the Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 in Human Atherosclerosis

Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Correlates Positively With Toll-Like Receptor 2 and Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 and Inversely With Superoxide Dismutase-1 Expression: Studies in Hypercholesterolemic Swine and THP-1 Cells

Adipocyte Differentiation-Related Protein Promotes Fatty Acid Storage in Cytosolic Triglycerides and Inhibits Secretion of Very Low–Density Lipoproteins

Atheroprotective Potential of Macrophage-Derived Phospholipid Transfer Protein in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice Is Overcome by Apolipoprotein AI Overexpression

Secretory Phospholipase A2 Group V: Lesion Distribution, Activation by Arterial Proteoglycans, and Induction in Aorta by a Western Diet

Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Predicts Future Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease Independently of Traditional Risk Factors, Markers of Inflammation, Renal Function, and Hemodynamic Stress

Intrinsic Fluorescence and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Identify Superficial Foam Cells in Coronary Plaques Prone to Erosion

Identifying Inflamed Carotid Plaques Using In Vivo USPIO-Enhanced MR Imaging to Label Plaque Macrophages

Coronary Atherosclerosis and Alcohol Consumption: Angiographic and Mortality Data

Gene Variants of VAMP8 and HNRPUL1 Are Associated With Early-Onset Myocardial Infarction

Identification of a Novel C5L2 Variant (S323I) in a French Canadian Family With Familial Combined Hyperlipemia

Thrombosis

Biologically Active CD40 Ligand Is Elevated in Sickle Cell Anemia: Potential Role for Platelet-Mediated Inflammation

Local Heat Shock Priming Promotes Recanalization of Thromboembolized Microvasculature by Upregulation of Plasminogen Activators

Two-Phase Antithrombotic Protection After Anti-Glycoprotein VI Treatment in Mice

Clopidogrel Improves Systemic Endothelial Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Evidence for Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Effects

Fibrin and Activated Platelets Cooperatively Guide Stem Cells to a Vascular Injury and Promote Differentiation Towards an Endothelial Cell Phenotype

Less Effect of Intranasal Than Oral Hormone Therapy on Factors Associated With Venous Thrombosis Risk in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

Soluble CD40L Levels Are Regulated by the –3459 A>G Polymorphism and Predict Myocardial Infarction and the Efficacy of Antithrombotic Treatment in Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome

Dietary Factors Related to Higher Plasma Fibrinogen Levels of Japanese-Americans in Hawaii Compared With Japanese in Japan

Letters to the Editor

Inhibition of Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase in Liver of Hyperhomocysteinemic Mice

Letter to the Editor: Modulation of Toll-Like Receptor Expression: A Further Effect of Statins?

News From the American Heart Association

News From the American Heart Association

Meetings Calendar

Meetings Calendar

Spotlight

Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: Group IIa and Group V sPLA₂ Are Not Redundant

Protection of Endothelial Survival by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- ${delta}$ Mediated 14-3-3 Upregulation

Secretory Phospholipase A₂ Group V: Lesion Distribution, Activation by Arterial Proteoglycans, and Induction in Aorta by a Western Diet

Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A₂ Predicts Future Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease Independently of Traditional Risk Factors, Markers of Inflammation, Renal Function, and Hemodynamic Stress