Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology -- Table of Contents (26 [5])

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Volume 26, Issue 5; May 1, 2006

Announcement
Editorials
AHA Summary Statement
Brief Reviews
Vascular Biology
Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
Thrombosis
Letters to the Editor
Abstracts of the 7th Annual Conference on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology

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	Announcement
	Announcement Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:955, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000220175.64820.e3 Full Text \| PDF
	Editorials
	COX-2 in Cardiovascular Disease David Bishop-Bailey, Jane A. Mitchell, and Timothy D. Warner Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:956-958, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000219672.68024.bc Full Text \| PDF
	Where Is Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase More Critical: Plasma Membrane or Golgi? Zheng-Gen Jin Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:959-961, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000217612.29550.8b Full Text \| PDF
	Flow Perturbation Is Linked to Endothelial PAR Signaling Wolfram Ruf Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:962-964, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000219612.70149.46 Full Text \| PDF
	A New Dimension in the Vasculoprotective Function of HDL: Progenitor-Mediated Endothelium Repair Philippe Lesnik and M. John Chapman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:965-967, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000219613.90372.c1 Full Text \| PDF
	AHA Summary Statement
	Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight Loss Paul Poirier, Thomas D. Giles, George A. Bray, Yuling Hong, Judith S. Stern, F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, and Robert H. Eckel Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:968-976, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000216787.85457.f3 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF
	Brief Reviews
	Modulation of Hepatic Inflammatory Risk Markers of Cardiovascular Diseases by PPAR– ${alpha}$ Activators: Clinical and Experimental Evidence Alberto Zambon, Philippe Gervois, Paolo Pauletto, Jean-Charles Fruchart, and Bart Staels Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:977-986; published online before print January 19 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000204327.96431.9a Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Atherosclerosis is a long-term chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased concentrations of inflammatory hepatic markers, such as CRP and fibrinogen, and of peripheral origin, such as tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} and interleukin-6. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-)-{alpha} is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates expression of key genes involved in lipid homeostasis and modulates the inflammatory response both in the vascular wall and the liver. PPAR-{alpha} is activated by natural ligands, such as fatty acids, as well as the lipid-lowering fibrates. PPAR-{alpha} agonists appear to comprehensively address some of the abnormalities of the most common clinical phenotypes of the high CAD risk patient of the 21st century such as in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglycerides, small, dense low-density lipoprotein, and a proinflammatory, procoagulant state.
	Inflammation and Cellular Immune Responses in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Koichi Shimizu, Richard N. Mitchell, and Peter Libby Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:987-994; published online before print February 23 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000214999.12921.4f Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Th1/Th2 cytokine balance plays important regulatory roles in modulating matrix remodeling in vascular diseases. These distinct aspects of immune and inflammatory responses in vascular diseases should continue to shed new light on the pathophysiologic mechanisms that give rise to aneurysmal versus occlusive manifestations and atherosclerosis.
	Dietary Factors That Promote or Retard Inflammation Arpita Basu, Sridevi Devaraj, and Ishwarlal Jialal Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:995-1001; published online before print February 16 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000214295.86079.d1 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Inflammation is pivotal in atherosclerosis. Weight loss appears to be the best modality to reduce inflammation. Individual dietary factors responsible for the effects of weight loss on inflammation need to be better defined.
	Dynamics and Plasticity of Weibel-Palade Bodies in Endothelial Cells Mariska G. Rondaij, Ruben Bierings, Astrid Kragt, Jan A. van Mourik, and Jan Voorberg Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1002-1007; published online before print February 9 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000209501.56852.6c Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Recent studies emphasize that Weibel-Palade bodies provide a dynamic storage compartment in endothelial cells whose contents can be regulated by inflammatory mediators present in the vascular micro-environment. This remarable plasticity of WPDs in most likely needed to allow for controlled delivery of bioactive comparats into the circulation upon vascular parturbation.
	Role of Circulating Vascular Progenitors in Angiogenesis, Vascular Healing, and Pulmonary Hypertension: Lessons From Animal Models Masataka Sata Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1008-1014; published online before print February 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000206123.94140.f3 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Accumulating evidence suggests that bone marrow-derived circulating precursors contribute to vascular repair, remodeling, and lesion formation under physiological and pathological conditions. This article is intended to overview recent findings obtained from animal models of angiogenesis, pulmonary hypertension, and vascular healing.
	Vascular Biology
	Functional Relevance of Golgi- and Plasma Membrane-Localized Endothelial NO Synthase in Reconstituted Endothelial Cells Qian Zhang, Jarrod E. Church, Davin Jagnandan, John D. Catravas, William C. Sessa, and David Fulton Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1015-1021; published online before print March 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000216044.49494.c4 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement To determine the functional significance of subcellular targeting in endothelial cells, endogenous eNOS was depleted using virally delivered RNAi and reconstituted with Golgi- and PM-restricted eNOS. We found that the PM is the most efficient location to produce NO but is more vulnerable to cholesterol levels and modified LDL.
	LXR Activation Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Human CD4-Positive Lymphocytes Daniel Walcher, Andreas Kümmel, Bettina Kehrle, Helga Bach, Miriam Grüb, Renate Durst, Vinzenz Hombach, and Nikolaus Marx Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1022-1028; published online before print February 16 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000210278.67076.8f Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The present study demonstrates both LXR{alpha} and LXRß expression in human CD4-positive lymphocytes, as well as reduced Th-1 cytokine expression by LXR activation in these cells. These data provide new insight how LXR activators might modulate the inflammatory process in atherogenesis and as such influence lesion development.
	Lysophosphatidic Acid Induces Early Growth Response Gene 1 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: CRE and SRE Mediate the Transcription Mei-Zhen Cui, Essam Laag, Longsheng Sun, Mingqi Tan, Guojun Zhao, and Xuemin Xu Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1029-1035; published online before print February 23 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000214980.90567.b5 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), one component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, regulates early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1), an important transcription factor, at the transcriptional level via transcription factors CREB and SRF in aortic smooth muscle cells. Our results imply that elevated LPA levels may, through activation of Egr-1, which regulates an array of atherogenic genes, exacerbate atheromatous lesions
	Competitive Binding of CREB and ATF2 to cAMP/ATF Responsive Element Regulates eNOS Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells Kazuo Niwano, Masashi Arai, Norimichi Koitabashi, Shiro Hara, Atai Watanabe, Kenichi Sekiguchi, Toru Tanaka, Tatsuya Iso, and Masahiko Kurabayashi Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1036-1042; published online before print February 23 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000215179.76144.39 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The expression level of the eNOS gene is a critical determinant of endothelial integrity. Beraprost sodium (BPS) inhibited the downregulation of eNOS gene expression by IL-1ß through competitive binding of ATF2 and CREB to ATF/CREB sequences. The data indicate a potential role of ATF/CREB family of transcription factors in atherosclerosis.
	Homocysteine Activates cAMP-response Element Binding Protein in HepG2 Through cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway Connie W.H. Woo, Yaw L. Siow, and Karmin O Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1043-1050; published online before print February 23 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000214981.58499.32 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We investigated the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on hepatic CREB activation and the underlying mechanism. Homocysteine stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity leading to increased cAMP production and subsequently PKA activation in rat liver and hepatocytes (HepG2). PKA activation was responsible for Hcy-induced phosphorylation of CREB followed by activation of this transcription factor
	Isolation and Characterization of Vasohibin-2 as a Homologue of VEGF-Inducible Endothelium-Derived Angiogenesis Inhibitor Vasohibin Takumi Shibuya, Kazuhide Watanabe, Hiroshi Yamashita, Kazue Shimizu, Hiroki Miyashita, Mayumi Abe, Takuya Moriya, Hideki Ohta, Hikaru Sonoda, Tooru Shimosegawa, Koichi Tabayashi, and Yasufumi Sato Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1051-1057; published online before print March 9 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000216747.66660.26 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We found vasohibin-2 as a homologue of VEGF-inducible endothelium-derived angiogenesis inhibitor vasohibin. Vasohibin-2 exhibited antiangiogenic activity. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that 2 vasohibins were ubiquitously expressed in endothelial cells in developing embryonic organs during mid-gestation. Vasohibin-2, in combination with vasohibin-1, forms a novel family of angiogenesis inhibitors.
	Molecular Signatures Determining Coronary Artery and Saphenous Vein Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypes: Distinct Responses to Stimuli David Xing-Fei Deng, Joshua M. Spin, Anya Tsalenko, Aditya Vailaya, Amir Ben-Dor, Zohar Yakhini, Phil Tsao, Laurakay Bruhn, and Thomas Quertermous Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1058-1065; published online before print February 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000208185.16371.97 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We compared gene expression profiles and functional responses of arterial and venous smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with oxidized LDL and PDGF and identified the molecular signatures that define the distinct phenotypes characteristic of arterial and venous SMC subtypes.
	Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Is Upregulated in Ischemic Muscle, Which Mediates Trafficking of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Chang-Hwan Yoon, Jin Hur, Il-Young Oh, Kyung-Woo Park, Tae-Youn Kim, Jae-Hoon Shin, Ji-Hyun Kim, Choon-Soo Lee, June-Key Chung, Young-Bae Park, and Hyo-Soo Kim Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1066-1072; published online before print February 23 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000215001.92941.6c Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement This study was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of EPC homing. ICAM-1 expression in muscle is upregulated in response to ischemia. EPC attachment in vitro and EPC homing in vivo were significantly reduced by blocking ICAM-1. Our results suggest an important role of the ICAM-1 in EPCs homing to ischemic hindlimbs.
	Early Lymph Vessel Development From Embryonic Stem Cells Johan Kreuger, Ingrid Nilsson, Dontscho Kerjaschki, Tatiana Petrova, Kari Alitalo, and Lena Claesson-Welsh Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1073-1078; published online before print March 16 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000217610.58032.b7 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We have established a model system for lymph vessel development based on directed differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells. Vascular endothelial growth factors, but not other growth factors tested, or hypoxia, induced lymph vessel formation, indicating different mechanisms of lymph vessel formation during embryonic development and in the adult.
	The Elastic Lamellae of Devitalized Arteries Calcify When Incubated in Serum: Evidence for a Serum Calcification Factor Paul A. Price, Wai Si Chan, Dawn M. Jolson, and Matthew K. Williamson Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1079-1085; published online before print March 9 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000216406.44762.7c Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The elastic lamellae of devitalized rat aortas calcify when incubated at 37{degrees}C in rat serum, in human serum provided [Pi] >=2 mmol/L, or in DMEM containing >=1.5% serum. Living arteries in organ culture secrete MGP, a known calcification inhibitor, and do not calcify unless MGP is inactivated by warfarin.
	Endothelial Dysfunction and Low-Grade Inflammation Explain Much of the Excess Cardiovascular Mortality in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: The Hoorn Study Jolien de Jager, Jacqueline M. Dekker, Adriaan Kooy, Piet J. Kostense, Giel Nijpels, Rob J. Heine, Lex M. Bouter, and Coen D.A. Stehouwer Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1086-1093; published online before print March 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000215951.36219.a4 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation may explain, at least in part, the increased cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D). For endothelial dysfunction, the association with cardiovascular mortality was stronger in diabetic than in nondiabetic individuals (P interaction=0.06). T2D-associated endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation explained {approx}43% of the increase in cardiovascular mortality risk conferred by T2D.
	Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
	Missense Mutations in the PCSK9 Gene Are Associated With Hypocholesterolemia and Possibly Increased Response to Statin Therapy Knut Erik Berge, Leiv Ose, and Trond P. Leren Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1094-1100; published online before print January 19 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000204337.81286.1c Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We have screened 38 unrelated hypocholesterolemic subjects and 25 unrelated FH heterozygotes, who responded particularly well to statin therapy, for mutations in the PCSK9 gene; 15.8% of the hypocholesterolemic subjects and 8.8% of FH heterozygotes with good a response to statins possessed a missense mutation in the PCSK9 gene.
	Effect of Ezetimibe on the In Vivo Kinetics of ApoB-48 and ApoB-100 in Men With Primary Hypercholesterolemia André J. Tremblay, Benoît Lamarche, Jeffrey S. Cohn, Jean-Charles Hogue, and Patrick Couture Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1101-1106; published online before print March 9 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000216750.09611.ec Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Ezetimibe, a selective inhibitor of intestinal cholesterol absorption, has been shown to decrease plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. To determine mechanism, apolipoprotein B kinetic studies were conducted in 8 hypercholesterolemic men. Reduction of LDL-C concentrations after treatment with ezetimibe was mainly associated with an increase in fractional catabolic rate of apoB-100-containing lipoproteins
	Influence of HDL Cholesterol on Preclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in Familial Hypercholesterolemia Mireia Junyent, Montserrat Cofán, Isabel Núñez, Rosa Gilabert, Daniel Zambón, and Emilio Ros Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1107-1113; published online before print March 23 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000218507.95149.42 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were assessed in 196 asymptomatic adults with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Conventional risk factors explained 42.9% of IMT variability. Compared with a total cholesterol/HDL ratio >5.0, a ratio <=5.0 was associated with a 0.09-mm thinner IMT. HDL cholesterol has a strong protective role in FH.
	Association of Transforming Growth Factor-ß1 Gene Polymorphisms With Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Angiographically Proven Coronary Heart Disease Werner Koch, Petra Hoppmann, Jakob C. Mueller, Albert Schömig, and Adnan Kastrati Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1114-1119; published online before print March 16 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000217747.66517.11 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We investigated the association of 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the TGF-ß1 gene with myocardial infarction in a large white population. The results show that one of the polymorphisms (-509C/T) and a specific haplotype (CTGC haplotype) were associated with myocardial infarction in men but not in women.
	Effect of MMP-2 Deficiency on Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation in ApoE-Deficient Mice Masafumi Kuzuya, Kae Nakamura, Takeshi Sasaki, Xian Wu Cheng, Shigeyoshi Itohara, and Akihisa Iguchi Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1120-1125; published online before print March 23 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000218496.60097.e0 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We determined the role of MMP-2 in atherosclerosis plaque development using the MMP-2 deficient, apolipoprotein E-deficient (MMP-2-/-:apoE-/-) mice. After 8 weeks of feeding with a lipid-rich diet, a significant reduction of the atherosclerotic plaque in the aortic sinus was observed in MMP-2-/-:apoE-/- mice compared with that of MMP-2+/+:apoE-/- mice.
	Proximal to Middle Left Coronary Artery Flow Velocity Ratio, As Assessed Using Color Doppler Echocardiography, Predicts Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in Mice Julia Grönros, Johannes Wikström, Ulrika Hägg, Birger Wandt, and Li-ming Gan Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1126-1131; published online before print March 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000216121.17190.a5 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We demonstrated that mouse proximal left coronary artery (LCA) atherosclerosis could be quantified noninvasively in vivo using the proximal to the middle LCA flow velocity ratio, as measured by color Doppler echocardiography. The findings were further validated in vivo by ultrasound biomicroscopy and ex vivo by histology.
	Optical Imaging of Hydroxyapatite in the Calcified Vasculature of Transgenic Animals Atif Zaheer, Monzur Murshed, Alec M. De Grand, Timothy G. Morgan, Gerard Karsenty, and John V. Frangioni Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1132-1136; published online before print February 16 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000210016.89991.2a Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Presently, the hydroxyapatite component of vascular calcification cannot be detected optically. We have developed a near-infrared fluorescent light-based method for imaging hydroxyapatite deposition in the vasculature. It is now possible to study early events associated with vascular mineralization, and to the monitor the process in living animals.
	Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition With Celecoxib Decreases Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Mice Victoria L. King, Darshini B. Trivedi, Jonathan M. Gitlin, and Charles D. Loftin Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1137-1143; published online before print March 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000216119.79008.ac Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement COX-2 expression is increased in aneurysmal tissue, and nonselective inhibition of COXs decreases AAA expansion. The present study demonstrates that selective COX-1 inhibition does not alter Ang II-induced AAA formation. In contrast, selective COX-2 inhibition with celecoxib attenuates Ang II-induced AAA formation in both nonhyperlipidemic and hyperlipidemic mice.
	High-Density Lipoproteins Enhance Progenitor-Mediated Endothelium Repair in Mice Colin Tso, Gary Martinic, Wen-Hua Fan, Campbell Rogers, Kerry-Anne Rye, and Philip J. Barter Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1144-1149; published online before print March 9 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000216600.37436.cf Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the aortic endothelium of mice is increased in response to vascular injury, consistent with a role of EPCs in endothelial repair. In apoE-/- mice, the number is further increased after injection of HDL, suggesting a role for HDL in promoting progenitor-mediated endothelial repair.
	Mechanisms of Dysregulation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Inflammatory Cytokines Xiong Z. Ruan, John F. Moorhead, Jian L. Tao, Kun L. Ma, David C. Wheeler, Stephen H. Powis, and Zac Varghese Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1150-1155; published online before print March 16 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000217957.93135.c2 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Inflammation is associated with atherosclerosis. We demonstrated that the inflammatory mediator IL-1ß disrupts cholesterol-mediated LDL receptor feedback regulation, permitting unregulated intracellular accumulation of unmodified LDL and causing foam cell formation. This mechanism may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic inflammation.
	Advanced Oxidation Protein Products Accelerate Atherosclerosis Through Promoting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Shang Xi Liu, Fan Fan Hou, Zhi Jian Guo, Ryoji Nagai, Wei Ru Zhang, Zhi Qiang Liu, Zhan Mei Zhou, Mei Zhou, Di Xie, Guo Bao Wang, and Xun Zhang Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1156-1162; published online before print February 23 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000214960.85469.68 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Increased levels of plasma advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) have been found in patients with uremia and in subjects with coronary artery disease. This study investigated the role of AOPPs in the development of atherosclerosis. The results demonstrated that AOPPs accelerate atherosclerosis via enhancing oxidative stress and inflammation.
	Molecular Dissection of Angiotensin II–Activated Human LOX-1 Promoter Jiawei Chen, Yong Liu, Hongmei Liu, Paul L. Hermonat, and Jawahar L. Mehta Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1163-1168; published online before print February 16 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000209998.73303.b5 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement In this study, we explored LOX-1 transcriptional promoter activation in response to angiotensin II (Ang II) in human coronary artery endothelial cells. This study strongly suggests that Ang II, by activating NF-{kappa}B, induces LOX-1 promoter activation.
	Minimally Oxidized LDL Offsets the Apoptotic Effects of Extensively Oxidized LDL and Free Cholesterol in Macrophages Agnès Boullier, Yankun Li, Oswald Quehenberger, Wulf Palinski, Ira Tabas, Joseph L. Witztum, and Yury I. Miller Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1169-1176; published online before print February 16 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000210279.97308.9a Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Minimally oxidized low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) counters macrophage apoptosis induced by extensively oxidized LDL or by free cholesterol loading, both in cell culture and in vivo. The mmLDL activates a pro-survival PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and PI3K inhibitors eliminate the pro-survival effect of mmLDL. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrates phospho-Akt in murine atherosclerotic lesions.
	Synthetic Retinoid Am80 Reduces Scavenger Receptor Expression and Atherosclerosis in Mice by Inhibiting IL-6 Norifumi Takeda, Ichiro Manabe, Takayuki Shindo, Hiroshi Iwata, Satoshi Iimuro, Hiroyuki Kagechika, Koichi Shudo, and Ryozo Nagai Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1177-1183; published online before print February 16 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000214296.94849.1c Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Synthetic retinoid Am80 inhibits IL-6 signaling and suppresses scavenger receptor expession in macrophages. Moreover, Am80 prevents macrophage from cell formation in vitro and inhibited atherogenesis in apoE-dificient moce. Am80 is a novel candidate agent that could be highly useful in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
	Thrombosis
	Rapid Release of Active Tissue Factor From Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Under Flow Conditions Jan-Julius Stampfuss, Petra Censarek, Jens W. Fischer, Karsten Schrör, and Artur-Aron Weber Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e34-e37; published online before print March 9 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000216407.89528.b0 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The present study demonstrates that cultured human mammary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) very rapidly, transiently, and repeatedly release active, microparticle-bound TF when exposed to flow conditions. Thus, SMCs may become a pathophysiologically relevant source of TF that can be released into the circulation when SMCs come to close contact with the flowing blood. The re-exposure of releasable TF may result in repeated bursts of TF, which is known to be involved in cyclic variations of coronary flow after angioplasty.
	Rapid Release of Active Tissue Factor From Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Under Flow Conditions Jan-Julius Stampfuss, Petra Censarek, Jens W. Fischer, Karsten Schrör, and Artur-Aron Weber Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1184 Abstract \| PDF
	Kruppel-Like Factor 2 Inhibits Protease Activated Receptor-1 Expression and Thrombin-Mediated Endothelial Activation Zhiyong Lin, Anne Hamik, Rajan Jain, Ajay Kumar, and Mukesh K. Jain Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1185; published online before print March 2 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000215638.53414.99 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Thrombin binding to its receptor PAR1 can regulate endothelial cell activation. Here we show that the transcription factor KLF2 inhibits thrombin action. Gain and loss of function studies reveal that KLF2 can regulate PAR1 expression and NF-{kappa}B activation. These observations have important implications for thrombin action in vascular biology.
	Letters to the Editor
	Nonpharmacological Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia Increases Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cell Population in Adults Giuseppe Croce, Gabriella Passacquale, Stefano Necozione, Claudio Ferri, and Giovambattista Desideri Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e38-e39, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000218504.71680.b5 Full Text \| PDF
	Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase Concentration in Children With Abdominal Obesity Tomoo Okada, Michio Miyashita, Yuki Kuromori, Fujihiko Iwata, Kensuke Harada, and Hiroaki Hattori Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e40-e41, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000217284.86123.2c Full Text \| PDF
	Abstracts of the 7th Annual Conference on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
	Abstracts presented at the 7th Annual Conference on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e42 PDF
	Oral Presentations Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e43-e52 PDF
	Poster Presentations Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e53-e107 PDF \| Correction

Spotlight

TOC Spotlight File

Volume 26, Issue 5; May 1, 2006

Announcement

Announcement

Editorials

COX-2 in Cardiovascular Disease

Where Is Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase More Critical: Plasma Membrane or Golgi?

Flow Perturbation Is Linked to Endothelial PAR Signaling

A New Dimension in the Vasculoprotective Function of HDL: Progenitor-Mediated Endothelium Repair

AHA Summary Statement

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight Loss

Brief Reviews

Modulation of Hepatic Inflammatory Risk Markers of Cardiovascular Diseases by PPAR– Activators: Clinical and Experimental Evidence

Inflammation and Cellular Immune Responses in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Dietary Factors That Promote or Retard Inflammation

Dynamics and Plasticity of Weibel-Palade Bodies in Endothelial Cells

Role of Circulating Vascular Progenitors in Angiogenesis, Vascular Healing, and Pulmonary Hypertension: Lessons From Animal Models

Vascular Biology

Functional Relevance of Golgi- and Plasma Membrane-Localized Endothelial NO Synthase in Reconstituted Endothelial Cells

LXR Activation Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Human CD4-Positive Lymphocytes

Lysophosphatidic Acid Induces Early Growth Response Gene 1 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: CRE and SRE Mediate the Transcription

Competitive Binding of CREB and ATF2 to cAMP/ATF Responsive Element Regulates eNOS Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells

Homocysteine Activates cAMP-response Element Binding Protein in HepG2 Through cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway

Isolation and Characterization of Vasohibin-2 as a Homologue of VEGF-Inducible Endothelium-Derived Angiogenesis Inhibitor Vasohibin

Molecular Signatures Determining Coronary Artery and Saphenous Vein Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypes: Distinct Responses to Stimuli

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Is Upregulated in Ischemic Muscle, Which Mediates Trafficking of Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Early Lymph Vessel Development From Embryonic Stem Cells

The Elastic Lamellae of Devitalized Arteries Calcify When Incubated in Serum: Evidence for a Serum Calcification Factor

Endothelial Dysfunction and Low-Grade Inflammation Explain Much of the Excess Cardiovascular Mortality in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: The Hoorn Study

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

Missense Mutations in the PCSK9 Gene Are Associated With Hypocholesterolemia and Possibly Increased Response to Statin Therapy

Effect of Ezetimibe on the In Vivo Kinetics of ApoB-48 and ApoB-100 in Men With Primary Hypercholesterolemia

Influence of HDL Cholesterol on Preclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Association of Transforming Growth Factor-ß1 Gene Polymorphisms With Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Angiographically Proven Coronary Heart Disease

Effect of MMP-2 Deficiency on Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation in ApoE-Deficient Mice

Proximal to Middle Left Coronary Artery Flow Velocity Ratio, As Assessed Using Color Doppler Echocardiography, Predicts Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in Mice

Optical Imaging of Hydroxyapatite in the Calcified Vasculature of Transgenic Animals

Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition With Celecoxib Decreases Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Mice

High-Density Lipoproteins Enhance Progenitor-Mediated Endothelium Repair in Mice

Mechanisms of Dysregulation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Inflammatory Cytokines

Advanced Oxidation Protein Products Accelerate Atherosclerosis Through Promoting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Molecular Dissection of Angiotensin II–Activated Human LOX-1 Promoter

Minimally Oxidized LDL Offsets the Apoptotic Effects of Extensively Oxidized LDL and Free Cholesterol in Macrophages

Synthetic Retinoid Am80 Reduces Scavenger Receptor Expression and Atherosclerosis in Mice by Inhibiting IL-6

Thrombosis

Rapid Release of Active Tissue Factor From Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Under Flow Conditions

Rapid Release of Active Tissue Factor From Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Under Flow Conditions

Kruppel-Like Factor 2 Inhibits Protease Activated Receptor-1 Expression and Thrombin-Mediated Endothelial Activation

Letters to the Editor

Nonpharmacological Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia Increases Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cell Population in Adults

Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase Concentration in Children With Abdominal Obesity

Abstracts of the 7th Annual Conference on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology

Abstracts presented at the 7th Annual Conference on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology

Oral Presentations

Poster Presentations

Spotlight

Modulation of Hepatic Inflammatory Risk Markers of Cardiovascular Diseases by PPAR– ${alpha}$ Activators: Clinical and Experimental Evidence