Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology -- Table of Contents (26 [3])

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Volume 26, Issue 3; March 1, 2006

Brief Reviews
Vascular Biology
Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
Thrombosis
Letters to the Editor

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	Brief Reviews
	Applications of Nanotechnology to Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Samuel A. Wickline, Anne M. Neubauer, Patrick Winter, Shelton Caruthers, and Gregory Lanza Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:435-441; published online before print December 22 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201069.47550.8b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Targeted nanotechnologies offer alternative modes of imaging for in vivo diagnosis and selective drug delivery that are expected to dramatically enhance molecular imaging capabilities and clinical prospects for personalized medicine in the near future.
	Apolipoprotein E Recycling: Implications for Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis Joerg Heeren, Ulrike Beisiegel, and Thomas Grewal Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:442-448; published online before print December 22 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201282.64751.47. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF
	Role of cAMP Response Element Binding Protein in Cardiovascular Remodeling: Good, Bad, or Both? Toshihiro Ichiki Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:449-455; published online before print November 17 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000196747.79349.d1. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a nuclear transcription factor activated by various extracellular stimuli. The role of CREB in cardiovascular system is incompletely characterized and several controversies remain. A growing body of recent evidence, however, has suggested that CREB plays an important role in the cardiovascular remodeling.
	Tissue Factor Encryption Ronald R. Bach Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:456-461; published online before print January 5 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000202656.53964.04. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Tissue factor (TF) procoagulant activity (PCA) is not fully expressed by an unperturbed cell. This post-translational suppression of TF PCA is known as TF encryption. TF PCA is decrypted after an influx of calcium into the cytosol and phosphatidylserine exposure on the cell surface. TF self-association, TF binding to lipid rafts, and repressed autoactivation of factor VII may contribute to TF encryption.
	Vascular Biology
	Effect of Vectors on Human Endothelial Cell Signal Transduction: Implications for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy Peng H. Tan, Shao-An Xue, Maria Manunta, Sven C. Beutelspacher, Henrieta Fazekasova, A.K.M. Shamsul Alam, Myra O. McClure, and Andrew J.T. George Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:462-467; published online before print December 15 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000200083.95349.9e. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Viral vectors are efficient at transducing ECs. However, they activate the cells, causing an increased expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines. This is caused by stimulation of intracellular signaling pathways. Blocking these pathways, or cytokines that provide autocrine stimulation, can prevent activation after transduction.
	Endothelial EphrinB2 Is Controlled by Microenvironmental Determinants and Associates Context-Dependently With CD31 Thomas Korff, Gudrun Dandekar, Dennis Pfaff, Tim Füller, Winfried Goettsch, Henning Morawietz, Florence Schaffner, and Hellmut G. Augustin Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:468-474; published online before print December 15 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000200081.42064.e7. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement This study shows that arterial ephrinB2 expression in vivo is lost on transfer into culture, contact with SMC or stimulation with VEGF upregulates ephrinB2, quiescent EC express ephrinB2 on their luminal surface, EphB4-Fc activation induces increased junctional ephrinB2 accumulation, and junctional ephrinB2 associates with CD31.
	TNF- ${alpha}$ Contributes to Endothelial Dysfunction in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Cuihua Zhang, Xiangbin Xu, Barry J. Potter, Wei Wang, Lih Kuo, Lloyd Michael, Gregory J. Bagby, and William M. Chilian Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:475-480; published online before print December 29 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201932.32678.7e. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We examined the role of TNF-{alpha} in endothelial dysfunction after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R injury compromised endothelium-dependent dilation to acetylcholine (ACh). TNF-{alpha} expression was increased >4-fold after I/R. Anti-TNF-{alpha} restored vasodilation to ACh and reduced xanthine oxidase activity, the production of O2{middle dot}-.
	15d-Prostaglandin J₂ Protects Brain From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Teng-Nan Lin, Wai-Mui Cheung, Jui-Sheng Wu, Jean-Ju Chen, Heng Lin, Jin-Jer Chen, Jun-Yang Liou, Song-Kun Shyue, and Kenneth K. Wu Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:481-487; published online before print December 29 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201933.53964.5b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Adv-COX-1 gene transfer increased 15d-PGJ2 in ischemic brain accompanied by reduced infarct volume, activated caspase 3, and enhanced heme oxygenase-1 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor {gamma} (PPAR{gamma}) expression. 15d-PGJ2 and rosiglitazone inhibited neuronal apoptosis and necrosis in a PPAR{gamma}-dependent manner.
	Thromboxane A2/Prostaglandin H2 Receptor Activation Mediates Angiotensin II–Induced Postischemic Neovascularization Frédéric Michel, Jean-Sébastien Silvestre, Ludovic Waeckel, Stefano Corda, Tony Verbeuren, Jean Paul Vilaine, Michel Clergue, Micheline Duriez, and Bernard I. Levy Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:488-493; published online before print December 29 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201969.93348.74. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Endogenous activation of TXA2 receptor by eicosanoids did not modulate spontaneous neovascularization in the setting of ischemia. In contrast, treatments with TP receptor antagonists or aspirin hampered the proangiogenic effect of Ang II and fully abrogated the Ang II-induced increase in VEGF-A protein content and the number of Mac-3-positive cells.
	Antioxidants Inhibit the Ability of Lysophosphatidylcholine to Regulate Proteoglycan Synthesis Mary Y. Chang, Chang-Yeop Han, Thomas N. Wight, and Alan Chait Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:494-500; published online before print December 15 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000200135.61362.27. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We previously have shown that lysoPC regulates proteoglycan synthesis by vascular smooth muscle cells. Current findings strongly suggest that reactive oxygen species are key mediators in this ability of lysoPC and that these effects can be inhibited by antioxidants.
	Counter-Regulatory Function of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B in Platelet-Derived Growth Factor– or Fibroblast Growth Factor–Induced Motility and Proliferation of Cultured Smooth Muscle Cells and in Neointima Formation Yingzi Chang, Bogdan Ceacareanu, Daming Zhuang, Chunxiang Zhang, Qinghua Pu, Alice C. Ceacareanu, and Aviv Hassid Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:501-507; published online before print December 22 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201070.71787.b8. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that PTP1B attenuates vascular smooth muscle motility and proliferation induced by platelet-derived growth factor or fibroblast growth factor-2 in cultured cells and that PTP1B plays a counter-regulatory role in neointima formation. Our results confirm the aforementioned hypotheses.
	Stereospecific and Redox-Sensitive Increase in Monocyte Adhesion to Endothelial Cells by Homocysteine Otilia Postea, Florian Krotz, Anna Henger, Christiane Keller, and Norbert Weiss Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:508-513; published online before print December 22 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201039.21705.dc. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Incubation of endothelial cells with l-homocystein, but not with d-homocysteine, increases reactive oxygen species accumulation, activation of NF-{kappa}B, and expression of ICAM-1, resulting in a time- and dose-dependent increase in monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Pretreatment with superoxide scavengers or an inhibitor of NF-{kappa}B activation reversed all these events.
	Elevated Concentrations of Nonesterified Fatty Acids Increase Monocyte Expression of CD11b and Adhesion to Endothelial Cells Wei-Yang Zhang, Eric Schwartz, Yingjie Wang, Jeanne Attrep, Zhi Li, and Peter Reaven Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:514-519; published online before print December 15 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000200226.53994.09. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF This study demonstrates that elevation of NEFA, as frequently occurs in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, increases monocyte expression of CD11b and adhesion to endothelial cells. These effects appear mediated, in part, through activation of NADPH oxidase and oxidative stress.
	Impact of Mouse Strain Differences in Innate Hindlimb Collateral Vasculature Armin Helisch, Shawn Wagner, Nadeem Khan, Mary Drinane, Swen Wolfram, Matthias Heil, Tibor Ziegelhoeffer, Ulrike Brandt, Justin D. Pearlman, Harold M. Swartz, and Wolfgang Schaper Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:520-526; published online before print January 5 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000202677.55012.a0. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The purpose of this study was to assess the importance of genetic background for collateral artery development. Genetic differences in preexistent collateral vasculature can profoundly affect outcome and milieu for compensatory collateral artery growth after femoral artery occlusion.
	Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
	Identification of the cAMP-Responsive Enhancer of the Murine ABCA1 Gene: Requirement for CREB1 and STAT3/4 Elements Wilfried Le Goff, Ping Zheng, Gregory Brubaker, and Jonathan D. Smith Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:527-533; published online before print December 22 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201042.00725.84. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The cAMP-responsive enhancer in the murine ABCA1 gene was identified by a shotgun cloning strategy. This enhancer contains 2 required elements, a consensus cAMP-responsive element that binds phospho CREB1, and a nearby element that binds STAT3/4. A dominant-negative CREB expression vector inhibited ABCA1 induction by cAMP analogues.
	ABCA1 and ABCG1 Synergize to Mediate Cholesterol Export to ApoA-I Ingrid C. Gelissen, Matthew Harris, Kerry-Anne Rye, Carmel Quinn, Andrew J. Brown, Maaike Kockx, Sian Cartland, Mathana Packianathan, Leonard Kritharides, and Wendy Jessup Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:534-540; published online before print December 15 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000200082.58536.e1. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement This study tested the acceptor requirements for hABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux. A range of phospholipid-containing acceptors were efficient in mediating ABCG1-dependent cholesterol export. Acceptors for ABCG1 could be generated via incubation of apoA-I with macrophages or ABCA1-overexpressing cells, suggesting a synergistic relationship between ABCA1 and ABCG1 in facilitating cholesterol export.
	Relative Contributions of ABCA1 and SR-BI to Cholesterol Efflux to Serum From Fibroblasts and Macrophages MyNgan Duong, Heidi L. Collins, Weijun Jin, Ilaria Zanotti, Elda Favari, and George H. Rothblat Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:541-547; published online before print January 12 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000203515.25574.19. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement
	Hepatic Lipase Deficiency Delays Atherosclerosis, Myocardial Infarction, and Cardiac Dysfunction and Extends Lifespan in SR-BI/Apolipoprotein E Double Knockout Mice Sharon L. Karackattu, Bernardo Trigatti, and Monty Krieger Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:548-554; published online before print January 5 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000202662.63876.02. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement SR-BI/apoE double knockout (dKO) mice exhibit occlusive atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) characterized by myocardial infarctions, cardiac dysfunction, and premature death. Analysis of SR-BI/apoE/hepatic lipase (HL) triple knockout mice demonstrated that HL-deficiency reduces atherosclerosis, improves cardiac structure/function, and extends lifespan in this CHD model.
	Atherosclerosis in Mice Is Not Affected by a Reduction in Tissue Factor Expression Rachel E. Tilley, Brian Pedersen, Rafal Pawlinski, Yuichiro Sato, Jonathan H. Erlich, Yuechun Shen, Sharlene Day, Ying Huang, Daniel T. Eitzman, William A. Boisvert, Linda K. Curtiss, William P. Fay, and Nigel Mackman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:555-562; published online before print December 29 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000202028.62414.3c. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We sought to determine whether tissue factor (TF) contributes to the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. A 50% reduction of TF in all cells or a selective reduction of TF in hematopoietic cells does not affect the development of atherosclerotic lesions in 2 mouse models. TF does not contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis in mice.
	Leukocyte Transglutaminase 2 Expression Limits Atherosclerotic Lesion Size W.A. Boisvert, D.M. Rose, A. Boullier, O. Quehenberger, A. Sydlaske, K.A Johnson, L.K. Curtiss, and R. Terkeltaub Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:563-569; published online before print January 12 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000203503.82693.c1. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF
	Uremia-Specific Effects in the Arterial Media During Development of Uremic Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice Susanne Bro, Rehannah Borup, Claus B. Andersen, Flemming Moeller, Klaus Olgaard, and Lars B. Nielsen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:570-575; published online before print December 22 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201060.47945.cb. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement To compare the molecular pathophysiology of classical and uremic atherosclerosis, we used high-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis to assess gene expression patterns in aortas from 5/6 nephrectomized and sham-operated apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. The results reveal that uremic vasculopathy, in addition to intimal atherosclerosis, is characterized by specific medial smooth muscle cell degeneration.
	OxLDL–IgG Immune Complexes Induce Survival of Human Monocytes Riina Oksjoki, Petri T. Kovanen, Ken A. Lindstedt, Bo Jansson, and Markku O. Pentikäinen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:576-583; published online before print December 22 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201041.14438.8d. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Immune complexes containing oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) particles are deposited in human atherosclerotic lesions during atherogenesis. Here we show that OxLDL-IgG immune complexes (OxLDL-IgG ICs) promote the survival of monocytes, independently of produced M-CSF, by cross-linking Fc{gamma} receptor I and activating Akt-dependent survival signaling.
	¹⁸F-Choline Images Murine Atherosclerotic Plaques Ex Vivo Christian M. Matter, Matthias T. Wyss, Patricia Meier, Nicolas Späth, Tobias von Lukowicz, Christine Lohmann, Bruno Weber, Ana Ramirez de Molina, Juan Carlos Lacal, Simon M. Ametamey, Gustav K. von Schulthess, Thomas F. Lüscher, Philipp A. Kaufmann, and Alfred Buck Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:584-589; published online before print December 15 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000200106.34016.18. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement For imaging plaque biology, we compared ex vivo autoradiographies and fat stainings of murine atherosclerotic aortae after injections of 18F-fluorocholine (18F-FCH) or 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). En face macroscopical and histological correlations were better for 18F-FCH as compared with 18F-FDG. Thus, 18F-FCH may be a promising compound for imaging plaques in patients.
	Apolipoproteins C-III and A-V as Predictors of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Triglyceride and Apolipoprotein B-100 Kinetics Dick C. Chan, Gerald F. Watts, Minh N. Nguyen, and P. Hugh R. Barrett Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:590-596; published online before print January 12 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000203519.25116.54. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We investigated the associations between plasma VLDL-apoC-III and apoA-V concentrations and the kinetics of VLDL-apoB-100 and VLDL triglyceride in 15 men. Increased VLDL-apoC-III concentrations resulting from an overproduction of VLDL-apoC-III was a predictor of the delayed catabolism of VLDL triglyceride and VLDL-apoB. However, apo-V concentration was not significantly associated with VLDL kinetics.
	Atherosclerosis Susceptibility Loci Identified From a Strain Intercross of Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice via a High-Density Genome Scan Jonathan D. Smith, Jeffrey M. Bhasin, Julie Baglione, Megan Settle, Yaomin Xu, and John Barnard Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:597-603; published online before print December 22 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201044.33220.5c. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement A strain intercross was performed between atherosclerosis sensitive DBA/2 and atherosclerosis resistant AKR apoE-deficient mice. Aortic root lesion area was ascertained for male and female F2 progeny. A high-density genome scan was performed using single-nucleotide polymorphism chips. Quantitative trait locus statistical analyses identified novel loci associated atherosclerosis susceptibility.
	Pravastatin Inhibits Expression of Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 (LOX-1) in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbits: A New Pleiotropic Effect of Statins Oliver Hofnagel, Birgit Luechtenborg, Heike Eschert, Gabriele Weissen-Plenz, Nicholas J. Severs, and Horst Robenek Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:604-610; published online before print December 22 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201073.45862.8b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The scavenger receptor LOX-1 seems to play a critical role in foam cell formation of macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Our study demonstrated in vivo inhibition of LOX-1 expression by pravastatin. This new pleiotropic effect of pravastatin might be one mechanism for the lipid core reducing effect of pravastatin in atherogenesis.
	Metformin Inhibits Proinflammatory Responses and Nuclear Factor- ${kappa}$ B in Human Vascular Wall Cells Kikuo Isoda, James L. Young, Andreas Zirlik, Lindsey A. MacFarlane, Naotake Tsuboi, Norbert Gerdes, Uwe Schönbeck, and Peter Libby Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:611-617; published online before print December 29 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201938.78044.75. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF This study tested the hypothesis that metformin modulates inflammation in the atherosclerotic plaque by using cells that comprise these lesions. Metformin reduced elaboration of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 from activated smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages with concomitant impairment of NF-{kappa}B nuclear activation.
	Reduced Immunoregulatory CD31⁺ T Cells in Patients With Atherosclerotic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Giuseppina Caligiuri, Patrick Rossignol, Pierre Julia, Emilie Groyer, Dikran Mouradian, Dominique Urbain, Namita Misra, Véronique Ollivier, Marc Sapoval, Pierre Boutouyrie, Srini V. Kaveri, Antonino Nicoletti, and Antoine Lafont Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:618-623; published online before print December 15 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000200380.73876.d9. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Cell-mediated immunity is considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). In particular, infiltrating macrophages and CD8+ T lymphocytes participate in the destruction of the aortic wall extracellular matrix and smooth muscle cells. We surmise that these pathological events are controlled by circulating regulatory lymphocytes. Circulating CD4+/CD31+ T cells regulate macrophage and CD8+ T cell activation and effector function in the arterial wall. Their reduction might promote the development of AAA.
	Effects of Rosiglitazone on Lipids, Adipokines, and Inflammatory Markers in Nondiabetic Patients With Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Metabolic Syndrome Frederick F. Samaha, Philippe O. Szapary, Nayyar Iqbal, Monica M. Williams, LeAnne T. Bloedon, Arshneel Kochar, Megan L. Wolfe, and Daniel J. Rader Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:624-630; published online before print December 15 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000200136.56716.30. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We performed a 12-week, prospective, double-blinded study of 60 nondiabetic subjects with metabolic syndrome randomized to rosiglitazone or placebo. Rosiglitazone had direct effects on inflammatory markers and adipokines in the absence of favorable lipid effects. These findings may underly the possible antiatherosclerotic effects of rosiglitazone.
	Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 and Measures of Extracoronary Atherosclerosis: The Rotterdam Study Isabella Kardys, Hok-Hay S. Oei, Irene M. van der Meer, Albert Hofman, Monique M.B. Breteler, and Jacqueline C.M. Witteman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:631-636; published online before print December 22 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201289.83256.cf. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Within the population-based Rotterdam Study, we investigated the association between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and presence of atherosclerosis as derived from common carotid intima-media thickness, carotid plaques, ankle-arm index, and aortic calcification. Associations were present after adjustment for age and sex. They strongly attenuated or even disappeared after adjustment for cholesterol.
	Serum Lipoprotein Lipase Concentration and Risk for Future Coronary Artery Disease: The EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study Jaap Rip, Melchior C. Nierman, Nicholas J. Wareham, Robert Luben, Sheila A. Bingham, Nicholas E. Day, Joram N.I. van Miert, Barbara A. Hutten, John J.P. Kastelein, Jan Albert Kuivenhoven, Kay-Tee Khaw, and S. Matthijs Boekholdt Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:637-642; published online before print December 22 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201038.47949.56. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, but prospective population data are lacking. This study addresses the prospective association between LPL and future CAD through measuring LPL concentration in serum. The data indicated that reduced levels of serum LPL are associated with an increased risk for future CAD.
	Occupation, Marital Status, and Low-Grade Inflammation: Mutual Confounding or Independent Cardiovascular Risk Factors? Gunnar Engström, Bo Hedblad, Maria Rosvall, Lars Janzon, and Folke Lindgärde Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:643-648; published online before print December 15 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000200100.14612.bb. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We explored the relationships between inflammatory proteins, occupation, and marital status, and their independent associations with incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the inflammatory proteins vary greatly by occupational and marital status, this does not confound the relationship between inflammatory proteins and incidence of CVD.
	Increased Aortic Intima-Media Thickness in 11-Year-Old Healthy Children With Persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae Seropositivity Iina Volanen, Mikko J. Järvisalo, Raija Vainionpää, Martti Arffman, Katariina Kallio, Susanna Anglé, Tapani Rönnemaa, Jorma Viikari, Jukka Marniemi, Olli T. Raitakari, and Olli Simell Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:649-655; published online before print January 5 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000202664.76816.bb. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We assessed whether the arterial intima-media thickness (IMT) and endothelial function, 2 measures of preclinical atherosclerosis, are related to Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) seropositivity in healthy children. Eleven-year-old children with persistent Cpn seropositivity showed increased aortic IMT, suggesting that Cpn might contribute to the development of early atherosclerosis.
	A Negative Carotid Plaque Area Test Is Superior to Other Noninvasive Atherosclerosis Studies for Reducing the Likelihood of Having Underlying Significant Coronary Artery Disease Robert D. Brook, Robert L. Bard, Smita Patel, Melvyn Rubenfire, Nicholas S. Clarke, Ella A. Kazerooni, Thomas W. Wakefield, Peter K. Henke, and Kim A. Eagle Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:656-662; published online before print December 15 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000200079.18690.60. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Carotid plaque area was more sensitive, specific, and had a higher negative predictive value than coronary calcium, C-reactive protein, and carotid intima-media thickness for identifying coronary artery disease defined as a stenosis >=50% by computed tomography angiography.
	Thrombosis
	Shear Induces a Unique Series of Morphological Changes in Translocating Platelets: Effects of Morphology on Translocation Dynamics Mhairi J. Maxwell, Sacha M. Dopheide, Samantha J. Turner, and Shaun P. Jackson Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:663-669; published online before print December 29 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201931.16535.e1. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement In this study we have examined GPIb/V/IX-dependent platelet morphological change during translocation on von Willebrand factor. We demonstrate that platelets undergo a unique series of morphological changes in response to increasing shear stress, which influence translocation dynamics. Alterations in shape may represent a novel mechanism of regulating platelet translocation dynamics under flow.
	Glycoprotein Ib ${alpha}$ –Mediated Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation to Immobilized Thrombin Under Conditions of Flow Cees Weeterings, Jelle Adelmeijer, Timothy Myles, Philip G. de Groot, and Ton Lisman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:670-675; published online before print December 15 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000200391.70818.a9. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Recently, it was shown that platelets are able to adhere to immobilized thrombin under static conditions via GPIb{alpha}. Flow studies reveal that platelets are also able to adhere to thrombin immobilized on fibrin or directly on a glass coverslip, which is dependent on the interaction with GPIb{alpha}.
	Letters to the Editor
	Physiological Plasma Gas6 Levels Do Not Influence Platelet Aggregation Sylvain Clauser, Christilla Bachelot-lozat, Pierre Fontana, Pascale Gaussem, Véronique Remones, Martine Aiach, and Delphine Borgel Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e22, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201968.72967.f9. Full Text \| PDF
	Generation of an Adult Smooth Muscle Cell–Targeted Cre Recombinase Mouse Model Jifeng Zhang, Wei Zhong, Taixing Cui, Maozhou Yang, Xing Hu, Kefeng Xu, Changqing Xie, Changyong Xue, Gary H. Gibbons, Chengyu Liu, Li Li, and Yuqing E. Chen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e23-e24; published online before print March 30 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000202661.61837.93. Full Text \| PDF \| Previous Version of This Article \| Data Supplement
	Gene Therapy With Lipoprotein Lipase Variant S447X Robert A. Hegele, Colin J.D. Ross, Jaap Twisk, Jan Albert Kuivenhoven, Jaap Rip, John J. Kastelein, and Michael R. Hayden Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e25-e28, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000203502.01793.8d. Full Text \| PDF
	In Response: David Feinbloom and Kenneth A. Bauer Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e29, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000204348.87254.cc. Full Text \| PDF
	Prevalence and Pathology of Amyloid in Atherosclerotic Arteries Christoph Röcken, Jörg Tautenhahn, Frank Bühling, Daniela Sachwitz, Steffi Vöckler, Andreas Goette, and Thomas Bürger Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:676-677, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000201930.10103.be. Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement

Spotlight

TOC Spotlight File

Volume 26, Issue 3; March 1, 2006

Brief Reviews

Applications of Nanotechnology to Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology

Apolipoprotein E Recycling: Implications for Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis

Role of cAMP Response Element Binding Protein in Cardiovascular Remodeling: Good, Bad, or Both?

Tissue Factor Encryption

Vascular Biology

Effect of Vectors on Human Endothelial Cell Signal Transduction: Implications for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy

Endothelial EphrinB2 Is Controlled by Microenvironmental Determinants and Associates Context-Dependently With CD31

TNF- Contributes to Endothelial Dysfunction in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

15d-Prostaglandin J2 Protects Brain From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Thromboxane A2/Prostaglandin H2 Receptor Activation Mediates Angiotensin II–Induced Postischemic Neovascularization

Antioxidants Inhibit the Ability of Lysophosphatidylcholine to Regulate Proteoglycan Synthesis

Counter-Regulatory Function of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B in Platelet-Derived Growth Factor– or Fibroblast Growth Factor–Induced Motility and Proliferation of Cultured Smooth Muscle Cells and in Neointima Formation

Stereospecific and Redox-Sensitive Increase in Monocyte Adhesion to Endothelial Cells by Homocysteine

Elevated Concentrations of Nonesterified Fatty Acids Increase Monocyte Expression of CD11b and Adhesion to Endothelial Cells

Impact of Mouse Strain Differences in Innate Hindlimb Collateral Vasculature

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

Identification of the cAMP-Responsive Enhancer of the Murine ABCA1 Gene: Requirement for CREB1 and STAT3/4 Elements

ABCA1 and ABCG1 Synergize to Mediate Cholesterol Export to ApoA-I

Relative Contributions of ABCA1 and SR-BI to Cholesterol Efflux to Serum From Fibroblasts and Macrophages

Hepatic Lipase Deficiency Delays Atherosclerosis, Myocardial Infarction, and Cardiac Dysfunction and Extends Lifespan in SR-BI/Apolipoprotein E Double Knockout Mice

Atherosclerosis in Mice Is Not Affected by a Reduction in Tissue Factor Expression

Leukocyte Transglutaminase 2 Expression Limits Atherosclerotic Lesion Size

Uremia-Specific Effects in the Arterial Media During Development of Uremic Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

OxLDL–IgG Immune Complexes Induce Survival of Human Monocytes

18F-Choline Images Murine Atherosclerotic Plaques Ex Vivo

Apolipoproteins C-III and A-V as Predictors of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Triglyceride and Apolipoprotein B-100 Kinetics

Atherosclerosis Susceptibility Loci Identified From a Strain Intercross of Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice via a High-Density Genome Scan

Pravastatin Inhibits Expression of Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 (LOX-1) in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbits: A New Pleiotropic Effect of Statins

Metformin Inhibits Proinflammatory Responses and Nuclear Factor-B in Human Vascular Wall Cells

Reduced Immunoregulatory CD31+ T Cells in Patients With Atherosclerotic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Effects of Rosiglitazone on Lipids, Adipokines, and Inflammatory Markers in Nondiabetic Patients With Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Metabolic Syndrome

Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 and Measures of Extracoronary Atherosclerosis: The Rotterdam Study

Serum Lipoprotein Lipase Concentration and Risk for Future Coronary Artery Disease: The EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study

Occupation, Marital Status, and Low-Grade Inflammation: Mutual Confounding or Independent Cardiovascular Risk Factors?

Increased Aortic Intima-Media Thickness in 11-Year-Old Healthy Children With Persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae Seropositivity

A Negative Carotid Plaque Area Test Is Superior to Other Noninvasive Atherosclerosis Studies for Reducing the Likelihood of Having Underlying Significant Coronary Artery Disease

Thrombosis

Shear Induces a Unique Series of Morphological Changes in Translocating Platelets: Effects of Morphology on Translocation Dynamics

Glycoprotein Ib–Mediated Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation to Immobilized Thrombin Under Conditions of Flow

Letters to the Editor

Physiological Plasma Gas6 Levels Do Not Influence Platelet Aggregation

Generation of an Adult Smooth Muscle Cell–Targeted Cre Recombinase Mouse Model

Gene Therapy With Lipoprotein Lipase Variant S447X

In Response:

Prevalence and Pathology of Amyloid in Atherosclerotic Arteries

Spotlight

TNF- ${alpha}$ Contributes to Endothelial Dysfunction in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

15d-Prostaglandin J₂ Protects Brain From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

¹⁸F-Choline Images Murine Atherosclerotic Plaques Ex Vivo

Metformin Inhibits Proinflammatory Responses and Nuclear Factor- ${kappa}$ B in Human Vascular Wall Cells

Reduced Immunoregulatory CD31⁺ T Cells in Patients With Atherosclerotic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Glycoprotein Ib ${alpha}$ –Mediated Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation to Immobilized Thrombin Under Conditions of Flow