Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology -- Table of Contents (26 [12])

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Volume 26, Issue 12; December 1, 2006

Editorials
Brief Reviews
Vascular Biology
Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
Thrombosis
Letters to the Editor
INDEX

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	Editorials
	Origin of Neointimal Smooth Muscle: We’ve Come Full Circle Mark H. Hoofnagle, James A. Thomas, Brian R. Wamhoff, and Gary K. Owens Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2579-2581, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249623.79871.bc. Full Text \| PDF
	Regulation of TLR4 Expression Is a Tale About Tail Zhong-qun Yan Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2582-2584, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000250933.92917.dd. Full Text \| PDF
	Coupling eNOS Uncoupling to the Innate Immune Response Ton J. Rabelink and Anton-Jan van Zonneveld Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2585-2587, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000250932.24151.50. Full Text \| PDF
	Brief Reviews
	Novel Platelet and Vascular Roles for Immunoreceptor Signaling Frederick F. Samaha and Mark L. Kahn Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2588-2593; published online before print October 5 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000248734.89782.37. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Recent studies have revealed novel and diverse roles for immunoreceptor signaling in vascular biology. In the present review we discuss immunoreceptor signaling downstream of platelet collagen receptors and in hematopoietic cells that contribute to the developing lymphatic vascular system, as well as future clinical and scientific directions of this field.
	Procoagulant Microparticles: Disrupting the Vascular Homeostasis Equation? Olivier Morel, Florence Toti, Bénédicte Hugel, Babé Bakouboula, Laurence Camoin-Jau, Françoise Dignat-George, and Jean-Marie Freyssinet Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2594-2604; published online before print September 21 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000246775.14471.26. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Plasma membrane-derived microparticles are at the crossroad of atherothrombosis processes involving vascular inflammation, remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and plaque thrombogenicity. After plaque disruption, trapped and circulating microparticles provide the concentration of tissue factor allowing blood coagulation to be triggered. The pharmacological modulation of microparticle release appears a promising preventive approach.
	Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Pathogenesis and Implications for Management Jonathan Golledge, Juanita Muller, Alan Daugherty, and Paul Norman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2605-2613; published online before print September 14 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000245819.32762.cb. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Presently medical therapy for this condition has been neglected. This article summarises efforts to better understand the pathology of AAA to develop such treatments.
	Vascular Biology
	Hydrogen Peroxide: A Feed-Forward Dilator That Couples Myocardial Metabolism to Coronary Blood Flow Shu-ichi Saitoh, Cuihua Zhang, Johnathan D. Tune, Barry Potter, Takahiko Kiyooka, Paul A. Rogers, Jarrod D. Knudson, Gregory M. Dick, Albert Swafford, and William M. Chilian Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2614-2621; published online before print October 5 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249408.55796.da. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We tested the hypothesis that H2O2 couples myocardial oxygen consumption to coronary flow. Isolated myocytes produced O2{middle dot}- and H2O2 in proportion to metabolism, and produced dilation that was eliminated by catalase. In intact animals tissue concentrations of H2O2 were linearly related to myocardial oxygen consumption and directly linked to coronary blood flow. We conclude that H2O2 couples coronary blood flow to myocardial oxygen consumption.
	The Role of Human Antigen R, an RNA-binding Protein, in Mediating the Stabilization of Toll-Like Receptor 4 mRNA Induced by Endotoxin: A Novel Mechanism Involved in Vascular Inflammation Feng-Yen Lin, Yung-Hsiang Chen, Yi-Wen Lin, Jen-Sung Tsai, Jaw-Wen Chen, Hsiao-Jung Wang, Yuh-Lien Chen, Chi-Yuan Li, and Shing-Jong Lin Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2622-2629; published online before print September 21 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000246779.78003.cf. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We investigated the posttranscriptional regulation in LPS-induced TLR4 expression in HASMCs and balloon-injured rabbit aorta. These results demonstrate that activation of NADPH oxidase and the MAPK-signaling pathway contribute to HuR-mediated stabilization of TLR4 mRNA induced by LPS in smooth muscle cells.
	Endotoxin Induces Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via NADPH Oxidase Activation and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways Feng-Yen Lin, Yung-Hsiang Chen, Jen-Sung Tasi, Jaw-Wen Chen, Tung-Lin Yang, Hsiao-Jung Wang, Chi-Yuan Li, Yuh-Lien Chen, and Shing-Jong Lin Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2630-2637; published online before print September 28 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000247259.01257.b3. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We investigated the mechanisms in LPS-induced TLR4 expression in HASMCs and balloon-injured rabbit aorta. These results demonstrate that NADPH oxidase activation, mRNA stabilization, and MAPK signaling pathways play critical roles in LPS-increased TLR4 expression in HASMCs that involved in vascular inflammation.
	Iron Chelation Inhibits NF- ${kappa}$ B–Mediated Adhesion Molecule Expression by Inhibiting p22^phox Protein Expression and NADPH Oxidase Activity Lixin Li and Balz Frei Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2638-2643; published online before print September 14 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000245820.34238.da. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement This study shows that the iron chelator, desferrioxamine (DFO), but not iron-loaded DFO, inhibits NF-{kappa}B activation and cellular adhesion molecule expression in a murine model of local inflammation by inhibiting p22phox protein expression, NADPH oxidase activity, and oxidant production. Therefore, chelation of excess iron may help attenuate inflammation and atherosclerosis.
	Antioxidants Relieve Phosphatase Inhibition and Reduce PDGF Signaling in Cultured VSMCs and in Restenosis Kai Kappert, Jan Sparwel, Åsa Sandin, Alexander Seiler, Udo Siebolts, Olli Leppänen, Stephan Rosenkranz, and Arne Östman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2644-2651; published online before print September 21 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000246777.30819.85. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Growth factor- and reactive oxygen species-induced activation of VSMCs is involved in vascular disease. This study demonstrates that inhibitory oxidation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) contributes to signaling in VSMCs in vitro and in vivo, and that antioxidants can effectively reactivate oxidized PTPs and thereby reduce PDGF signaling and neointima formation.
	Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Reduces Monocyte Adhesion to Endothelium Through the Suppression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression Kenji Inoue, Mika Kobayashi, Kiichiro Yano, Mai Miura, Akashi Izumi, Chikage Mataki, Takeshi Doi, Takao Hamakubo, Patrick C. Reid, David A. Hume, Minoru Yoshida, William C. Aird, Tatsuhiko Kodama, and Takashi Minami Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2652-2659; published online before print September 28 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000247247.89787.e7. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement A global-survey of TNF-{alpha}-signaling in ECs revealed that VCAM-1 expression is highly induced in a process dependent on PI3-K, GATA, HDAC, and new protein synthesis. HDAC inhibition abrogated monocyte adhesion to inflamed endothelium suggesting that HDAC, specifically HDAC3, might be useful for the attenuation of the inflammatory response in ECs.
	Critical Role of Inducible Costimulator Signaling in the Development of Arteriosclerosis Hisanori Kosuge, Jun-ichi Suzuki, Go Haraguchi, Noritaka Koga, Yasuhiro Maejima, Manabu Inobe, Mitsuaki Isobe, and Toshimitsu Uede Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2660-2665; published online before print September 21 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000245805.52081.ca. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The role of the ICOS pathway in SMC proliferation has not yet been evaluated. We demonstrate that blockade of the ICOS pathway significantly suppressed SMC proliferation and neointimal thickening.
	Nitric Oxide–Dependent Suppression of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein Expression Enhances Thioredoxin Activity P. Christian Schulze, Heling Liu, Elizabeth Choe, Jun Yoshioka, Anath Shalev, Kenneth D. Bloch, and Richard T. Lee Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2666-2672; published online before print October 5 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000248914.21018.f1. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Cellular redox balance is tightly regulated and nitric oxide (NO) promotes antioxidative mechanisms. We show the NO-dependent transcriptional regulation of the antioxidative thioredoxin system through suppression of Txnip and induction of thioredoxin reductase. NO also increased thioredoxin activity. These findings represent a novel antioxidative mechanism of NO.
	Negative Regulation of VEGF-Induced Vascular Leakage by Blockade of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Hideto Sano, Kohei Hosokawa, Hiroyasu Kidoya, and Nobuyuki Takakura Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2673-2680; published online before print September 14 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000245821.77155.c3. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) suppresses VEGF-mediated hyperpermeability. We found that ACE expression in Endothelial cells was negatively or positively regulated by Ang1 or VEGF, respectively, and VEGF-mediated hyperpermeability was suppressed by Angiotensin II type1 receptor blocker (ARB) suggesting availability of ARB for minimizing the risk of edema in therapeutic angiogenesis using VEGF.
	cNGR: A Novel Homing Sequence for CD13/APN Targeted Molecular Imaging of Murine Cardiac Angiogenesis In Vivo Alexandra Buehler, Marc A.M.J. van Zandvoort, Bram J. Stelt, Tilman M. Hackeng, Bianca H.G.J. Schrans-Stassen, Abdelkader Bennaghmouch, Leo Hofstra, Jack P.M. Cleutjens, Adriaan Duijvestijn, Mirjam B. Smeets, Dominique P.V. de Kleijn, Mark J. Post, and Ebo D. de Muinck Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2681-2687; published online before print September 21 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000245807.65714.0b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement In murine myocardial infarcts we show that the cell surface marker CD13/APN (aminopeptidase N) is selectively upregulated on angiogenic endothelium. Using in vivo fluorescence imaging and ex vivo 2-photon scanning electron microscopy, we show that angiogenic CD13/APN can be targeted and imaged specifically with the synthetic targeting peptide cNGR.
	Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
	Uncoupling of Endothelial Nitric Oxidase Synthase by Hypochlorous Acid: Role of NAD(P)H Oxidase–Derived Superoxide and Peroxynitrite Jian Xu, Zhonglin Xie, Richard Reece, David Pimental, and Ming-Hui Zou Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2688-2695; published online before print October 5 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249394.94588.82. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling is observed in cardiovascular diseases, but its mechanisms remain elusive. Here we reported that hypochlorous acid activated PKC-{zeta}-dependent NAD(P)H oxidase and generated kindling radicals (O2{middle dot}-) and oxidants (ONOO-), which further oxidizes the zinc-thiolate center, dissociates the enzyme-active dimers, and uncouples the enzyme.
	Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis Originate From the Local Vessel Wall and Not Circulating Progenitor Cells in ApoE Knockout Mice Jacob F. Bentzon, Charlotte Weile, Claus S. Sondergaard, Johnny Hindkjaer, Moustapha Kassem, and Erling Falk Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2696-2702; published online before print September 28 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000247243.48542.9d. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Recent studies have concluded that SMCs in atherosclerosis can originate from circulating progenitor cells. In contrast to this hypothesis, we showed by a series of bone marrow and vessel transplantations that SMCs in atherosclerotic plaques are derived entirely from the local vessel wall in apoE knockout mice
	Loss of the Lysophosphatidylcholine Effector, G2A, Ameliorates Aortic Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice Brian W. Parks, Aldons J. Lusis, and Janusz H.S. Kabarowski Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2703-2709; published online before print September 21 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000246774.02426.71. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The G2A receptor mediates chemotactic and apoptotic effects of lysophosphatidylcholine in vitro. Loss of G2A suppressed aortic atherosclerosis, reduced macrophage accumulation at lesion-prone sites of the aorta, and elevated circulating HDL cholesterol levels in LDLR knockout mice. A pleiotropy of effects may contribute to the pro-atherogenic action of G2A.
	Macrophage Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein Deficiency Enhances Atherosclerosis in ApoE/LDLR Double Knockout Mice L. Hu, L.S.M. Boesten, P. May, J. Herz, N. Bovenschen, M.V. Huisman, J.F.P. Berbée, L.M. Havekes, B.J.M. van Vlijmen, and J.T. Tamsma Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2710-2715; published online before print October 12 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249641.96896.e6. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We investigated the role of macrophage specific LRP deficiency in the development of atherosclerosis independent of its role in lipoprotein metabolism. Specific deletion of macrophage LRP in mice resulted in more advanced atherosclerosis and in lesions that contain more collagen and less relative numbers of CD3+ T cells. This indicates that macrophage LRP has an atheroprotective potential.
	Suppression of Rage as a Basis of Simvastatin-Dependent Plaque Stabilization in Type 2 Diabetes Chiara Cuccurullo, Annalisa Iezzi, Maria Luigia Fazia, Domenico De Cesare, Andrea Di Francesco, Raffaella Muraro, Roberto Bei, Sante Ucchino, Francesco Spigonardo, Francesco Chiarelli, Ann Marie Schmidt, Franco Cuccurullo, Andrea Mezzetti, and Francesco Cipollone Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2716-2723; published online before print October 12 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249630.02085.12. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of simvastatin on the expression of RAGE and RAGE-dependent plaque-destabilizing genes in human atherosclerotic plaques. We found that simvastatin inhibits macrophage RAGE expression by decreasing myeloperoxidase-dependent AGE generation. This effect in turn might contribute to plaque stabilization by inhibiting the release of PGE2-dependent MMPs responsible for plaque rupture.
	Cholesterol 7 ${alpha}$ -Hydroxylase Deficiency in Mice on an APOE3-Leiden Background Increases Hepatic ABCA1 mRNA Expression and HDL-Cholesterol Sabine M. Post, Martine Groenendijk, Caroline C. van der Hoogt, Catherine Fievet, Gérald Luc, Menno Hoekstra, Hans M.G. Princen, Bart Staels, and Patrick C.N. Rensen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2724-2730; published online before print September 28 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000247260.42560.e1. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement High levels of plasma HDL-cholesterol are correlated with a low risk of cardiovascular disease. We show that strongly reduced bile acid formation in APOE3-Leiden transgenic mice by cholesterol 7{alpha}-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1)-deficiency increases HDL-cholesterol. The clearance of HDL was not changed but hepatic ABCA1 mRNA expression was increased, suggesting an increased rate of cholesterol efflux from the liver to HDL.
	The RXR Agonist Bexarotene Improves Cholesterol Homeostasis and Inhibits Atherosclerosis Progression in a Mouse Model of Mixed Dyslipidemia Fanny Lalloyer, Catherine Fiévet, Sophie Lestavel, Gérard Torpier, Jelske van der Veen, Véronique Touche, Stéphanie Bultel, Saïd Yous, Folkert Kuipers, Réjane Paumelle, Jean-Charles Fruchart, Bart Staels, and Anne Tailleux Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2731-2737; published online before print September 28 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000248101.93488.84. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement In human apolipoprotein E2-knockin mice, the rexinoid bexarotene inhibits atherosclerotic lesion development in association with decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption, resulting in lower circulating atherogenic lipoprotein concentrations. Bexarotene enhances the capacity of macrophages to efflux cellular lipids, whereas it has only modest effects on inflammation in the vascular wall.
	Inflammatory Response After Influenza Vaccination in Men With and Without Carotid Artery Disease Cara L. Carty, Patrick Heagerty, Karen Nakayama, E. Clair McClung, Julieann Lewis, Dawn Lum, Erin Boespflug, Carrie McCloud-Gehring, Behrooz R. Soleimani, Jane Ranchalis, Tamara J. Bacus, Clement E. Furlong, and Gail P. Jarvik Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2738-2744; published online before print October 5 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000248534.30057.b5. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Influenza vaccination results in acute phase response (APR) in men with and without severe carotid artery disease. Increased serum amyloid A (SAA) APR predicted severe vascular disease. APR magnitude may be a marker of CAAD.
	Increased Concentrations of C-Reactive Protein and IL-6 but not IL-18 Are Independently Associated With Incident Coronary Events in Middle-Aged Men and Women: Results From the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Case–Cohort Study, 1984–2002 Wolfgang Koenig, Natalie Khuseyinova, Jens Baumert, Barbara Thorand, Hannelore Loewel, Lloyd Chambless, Christa Meisinger, Andrea Schneider, Stephan Martin, Hubert Kolb, and Christian Herder Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2745-2751; published online before print September 28 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000248096.62495.73. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Within the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study, concentrations of IL-18 were measured in 382 cases with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and 1980 noncases. We found no statistically significant association between increased IL-18 concentrations and incident CHD, whereas CRP and IL-6 were independent predictors of future cardiovascular risk in this population.
	Hereditary Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemic Rabbit Exhibits Insulin Resistance and Central Obesity: A Novel Model of Metabolic Syndrome Takashi Kawai, Tsunekata Ito, Kazuo Ohwada, Yasuko Mera, Mutsuyoshi Matsushita, and Hitonobu Tomoike Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2752-2757; published online before print September 21 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000245808.12493.40. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Postprandial hypertriglyceridemic (PHT) rabbit shows hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and central obesity. This rabbit provides a model of inherited metabolic syndrome.
	Plasma Adiponectin Levels in Relation to Carotid Intima Media Thickness and Markers of Insulin Resistance Peter M. Nilsson, Gunnar Engström, Bo Hedblad, Jan Frystyk, Margaretha M. Persson, Göran Berglund, and Allan Flyvbjerg Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2758-2762; published online before print October 12 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249638.01416.4b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Plasma adiponectin is a marker of glucose metabolism and obesity and shows an inverse age-adjusted association with carotid ultrasound IMT in men, but not in women, selected for varying degree of insulin resistance (HOMA) in a population-based study (n=887). This association is attenuated after adjustment for metabolic risk factors.
	Asp92Asn Polymorphism in the Myeloid IgA Fc Receptor Is Associated With Myocardial Infarction in Two Disparate Populations: CARE and WOSCOPS Olga A. Iakoubova, Carmen H. Tong, Anand P. Chokkalingam, Charles M. Rowland, Todd G. Kirchgessner, Judy Z. Louie, Lynn M. Ploughman, Marc S. Sabatine, Hannia Campos, Joseph J. Catanese, Diane U. Leong, Bradford A. Young, David Lew, Zenta Tsuchihashi, May M. Luke, Christopher J. Packard, Kim E. Zerba, Peter M. Shaw, James Shepherd, James J. Devlin, and Frank M. Sacks Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2763-2768; published online before print September 28 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000247248.76409.8b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement In CARE, the FCAR 92Asn allele predicted MI (HR=1.68). Pravastatin significantly reduced the risk of MI in carriers of the 92Asn risk allele but not in noncarriers. In WOSCOPS, the 92Asn allele was associated with CHD (OR=1.46), and pravastatin reduced odds of CHD in both carriers and noncarriers.
	Matrix Gla Protein Is Associated With Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis but not With Coronary Artery Calcification Christopher J. O’Donnell, M. Kyla Shea, Paul A. Price, David R. Gagnon, Peter W. F. Wilson, Martin G. Larson, Douglas P. Kiel, Udo Hoffmann, Maros Ferencik, Melvin E. Clouse, Matthew K. Williamson, L. Adrienne Cupples, Bess Dawson-Hughes, and Sarah L. Booth Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2769-2774; published online before print September 14 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000245793.83158.06. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an inhibitor of calcification. MGP concentrations and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors were determined in 2 studies of men and women free of clinically apparent CHD. The Framingham CHD risk score was higher across quartiles of circulating MGP.
	Circulating Leukocyte-Derived Microparticles Predict Subclinical Atherosclerosis Burden in Asymptomatic Subjects Gilles Chironi, Alain Simon, Bénédicte Hugel, Muriel Del Pino, Jérôme Gariepy, Jean-Marie Freyssinet, and Alain Tedgui Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2775-2780; published online before print October 12 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249639.36915.04. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Circulating leukocyte-derived microparticles (MP) were related to Framingham risk, metabolic syndrome, CRP, and presence and extent of preclinical atherosclerosis in 216 primary prevention subjects. These relationships of leukocyte-derived MP with atherosclerosis were independent of all risk markers, leukocyte count, and concomitant drugs. These data unveil new directions for atherosclerosis research.
	Relationship Between Lipid Abnormalities and Insulin Resistance in Japanese School Children Yoshihide Asato, Keisuke Katsuren, Tadashi Ohshiro, Kazuhide Kikawa, Tadao Shimabukuro, and Takao Ohta Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2781-2786; published online before print September 21 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000245804.56871.31. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Dyslipidemia and insulin resistance (IR) are risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in adults. To help prevent the development of CHD, it may be useful to understand the relationship between lipid abnormalities and IR during childhood. Our results suggest that in addition to controlling body weight, it may be important for school children to characterize lipid phenotypes to prevent progression to CHD and/or type 2 diabetes and to identify subjects who are at high risk for these disorders.
	Melagatran Reduces Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesion Size and May Promote Plaque Stability in Apolipoprotein E– Deficient Mice Florian Bea, Joerg Kreuzer, Michael Preusch, Sandra Schaab, Berend Isermann, Michael E. Rosenfeld, Hugo Katus, and Erwin Blessing Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2787-2792; published online before print September 21 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000246797.05781.ad. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Effects of chronic thrombin inhibition with melagatran was evaluated in advanced lesions of apoE-deficient mice. Melagatran attenuated lesion progression and promoted plaque stability, possibly through inhibiting activation of proinflammatory transcription factors and reduced synthesis of MMP-9.
	Haemostatic Factors and the Risk of Cardiovascular Death in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: The AtheroGene Study P.E. Morange, C. Bickel, V. Nicaud, R. Schnabel, H.J. Rupprecht, D. Peetz, K.J. Lackner, F. Cambien, S. Blankenberg, L. Tiret for the AtheroGene Investigators Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2793-2799; published online before print October 5 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249406.92992.0d. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We examined the association between 5 hemostatic markers and the incidence of fatal cardiovascular events in the prospective Atherogene cohort, including 1057 individuals with coronary artery disease at baseline. Fibrinogen and D-dimer levels are independent predictors of subsequent cardiovascular death. Our data support a role of impaired coagulation/fibrinolysis process in the complications of coronary artery disease.
	Thrombosis
	Tissue Factor and Coagulation Factor VII Levels During Acute Myocardial Infarction: Association With Genotype and Adverse Events Gianluca Campo, Marco Valgimigli, Paolo Ferraresi, Patrizia Malagutti, Marcello Baroni, Chiara Arcozzi, Donato Gemmati, Gianfranco Percoco, Giovanni Parrinello, Roberto Ferrari, and Francesco Bernardi Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2800-2806; published online before print September 28 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000247249.82030.94. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Admission FVII and TF antigen, partially predicted by polymorphisms, were independent predictors of composite end point (mortality and reinfarction), which was even worse in patients showing both parameters simultaneously elevated. FVII genotype influenced outcome only in patients with high TF values.
	Conjugated Equine Estrogen, Esterified Estrogen, Prothrombotic Variants, and the Risk of Venous Thrombosis in Postmenopausal Women Nicholas L. Smith, Susan R. Heckbert, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Alexander P. Reiner, Thomas Lumley, Frits R. Rosendaal, and Bruce M. Psaty Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2807-2812; published online before print September 14 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000245792.62517.3b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Joint exposure to conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) and prothrombotic genetic variants increase venous thrombotic risk. Esterified estrogen (EE) is not associated with risk and nothing is known about joint risks with prothrombotic variants. Findings suggest EE is associated with less risk than CEE especially among carriers of prothrombotic variants.
	Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Activation With HMR1766 Attenuates Platelet Activation in Diabetic Rats Andreas Schäfer, Ulrike Flierl, Anna Kobsar, Martin Eigenthaler, Georg Ertl, and Johann Bauersachs Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2813-2818; published online before print October 5 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000249407.92147.12. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Diabetes is associated with progressive platelet activation in vivo and thromboembolic complications. Chronic treatment with the direct guanylyl cyclase activator HMR1766 in rats with diabetes improved NO/cGMP signaling and reduced platelet activation in vivo and in vitro.
	Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-2 Is Upregulated by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Suppresses Growth Factor-Induced Proliferation of Endothelial Cells Zhenhua Xu, Debasish Maiti, Walter Kisiel, and Elia J. Duh Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2819-2825; published online before print October 5 2006, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000248731.55781.87. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF This study investigated the expression and regulation of type-2 tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI-2) in endothelial cells, as well as the regulation of human endothelial cell (EC) function by TFPI-2. Our data suggest that VEGF upregulation of TFPI-2 expression in endothelial cells may represent a mechanism for negative feedback regulation and modulation of its pro-angiogenic action on endothelial cells. TFPI-2 may be a novel therapeutic for treatment of angiogenic disease processes.
	Letters to the Editor
	Evaluation of Differences in Coronary Plaque Mechanical Behavior in Individuals With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus James A. Shaw, Anthony J. White, Rodney Reddy, Stephen J. Duffy, Anthony S. Walton, Bronwyn A. Kingwell, and Anthony M. Dart Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2826-2827, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000246778.32916.f4. Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement
	INDEX
	Author Index Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2828-2837. PDF

Spotlight

TOC Spotlight File

Volume 26, Issue 12; December 1, 2006

Editorials

Origin of Neointimal Smooth Muscle: We’ve Come Full Circle

Regulation of TLR4 Expression Is a Tale About Tail

Coupling eNOS Uncoupling to the Innate Immune Response

Brief Reviews

Novel Platelet and Vascular Roles for Immunoreceptor Signaling

Procoagulant Microparticles: Disrupting the Vascular Homeostasis Equation?

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Pathogenesis and Implications for Management

Vascular Biology

Hydrogen Peroxide: A Feed-Forward Dilator That Couples Myocardial Metabolism to Coronary Blood Flow

The Role of Human Antigen R, an RNA-binding Protein, in Mediating the Stabilization of Toll-Like Receptor 4 mRNA Induced by Endotoxin: A Novel Mechanism Involved in Vascular Inflammation

Endotoxin Induces Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via NADPH Oxidase Activation and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways

Iron Chelation Inhibits NF-B–Mediated Adhesion Molecule Expression by Inhibiting p22phox Protein Expression and NADPH Oxidase Activity

Antioxidants Relieve Phosphatase Inhibition and Reduce PDGF Signaling in Cultured VSMCs and in Restenosis

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Reduces Monocyte Adhesion to Endothelium Through the Suppression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression

Critical Role of Inducible Costimulator Signaling in the Development of Arteriosclerosis

Nitric Oxide–Dependent Suppression of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein Expression Enhances Thioredoxin Activity

Negative Regulation of VEGF-Induced Vascular Leakage by Blockade of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor

cNGR: A Novel Homing Sequence for CD13/APN Targeted Molecular Imaging of Murine Cardiac Angiogenesis In Vivo

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

Uncoupling of Endothelial Nitric Oxidase Synthase by Hypochlorous Acid: Role of NAD(P)H Oxidase–Derived Superoxide and Peroxynitrite

Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis Originate From the Local Vessel Wall and Not Circulating Progenitor Cells in ApoE Knockout Mice

Loss of the Lysophosphatidylcholine Effector, G2A, Ameliorates Aortic Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice

Macrophage Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein Deficiency Enhances Atherosclerosis in ApoE/LDLR Double Knockout Mice

Suppression of Rage as a Basis of Simvastatin-Dependent Plaque Stabilization in Type 2 Diabetes

Cholesterol 7-Hydroxylase Deficiency in Mice on an APOE*3-Leiden Background Increases Hepatic ABCA1 mRNA Expression and HDL-Cholesterol

The RXR Agonist Bexarotene Improves Cholesterol Homeostasis and Inhibits Atherosclerosis Progression in a Mouse Model of Mixed Dyslipidemia

Inflammatory Response After Influenza Vaccination in Men With and Without Carotid Artery Disease

Increased Concentrations of C-Reactive Protein and IL-6 but not IL-18 Are Independently Associated With Incident Coronary Events in Middle-Aged Men and Women: Results From the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Case–Cohort Study, 1984–2002

Hereditary Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemic Rabbit Exhibits Insulin Resistance and Central Obesity: A Novel Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Plasma Adiponectin Levels in Relation to Carotid Intima Media Thickness and Markers of Insulin Resistance

Asp92Asn Polymorphism in the Myeloid IgA Fc Receptor Is Associated With Myocardial Infarction in Two Disparate Populations: CARE and WOSCOPS

Matrix Gla Protein Is Associated With Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis but not With Coronary Artery Calcification

Circulating Leukocyte-Derived Microparticles Predict Subclinical Atherosclerosis Burden in Asymptomatic Subjects

Relationship Between Lipid Abnormalities and Insulin Resistance in Japanese School Children

Melagatran Reduces Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesion Size and May Promote Plaque Stability in Apolipoprotein E– Deficient Mice

Haemostatic Factors and the Risk of Cardiovascular Death in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: The AtheroGene Study

Thrombosis

Tissue Factor and Coagulation Factor VII Levels During Acute Myocardial Infarction: Association With Genotype and Adverse Events

Conjugated Equine Estrogen, Esterified Estrogen, Prothrombotic Variants, and the Risk of Venous Thrombosis in Postmenopausal Women

Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Activation With HMR1766 Attenuates Platelet Activation in Diabetic Rats

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-2 Is Upregulated by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Suppresses Growth Factor-Induced Proliferation of Endothelial Cells

Letters to the Editor

Evaluation of Differences in Coronary Plaque Mechanical Behavior in Individuals With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

INDEX

Author Index

Spotlight

Iron Chelation Inhibits NF- ${kappa}$ B–Mediated Adhesion Molecule Expression by Inhibiting p22^phox Protein Expression and NADPH Oxidase Activity

Cholesterol 7 ${alpha}$ -Hydroxylase Deficiency in Mice on an APOE*3-Leiden Background Increases Hepatic ABCA1 mRNA Expression and HDL-Cholesterol