Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology -- Table of Contents (26 [1])

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Volume 26, Issue 1; January 1, 2006

Announcement
Editorials
Brief Reviews
Vascular Biology
Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
Thrombosis
Letters to the Editor
Acknowledgement of Reviewers

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	Announcement
	New Investigator Awards Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000200224.48947.a6 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF
	Editorials
	Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2006 Donald D. Heistad Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2-4, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000198400.82143.3b Full Text \| PDF
	Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A₂ and Cardiovascular Risk: State of the Evidence and Future Directions Carlos Iribarren Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:5-6, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000196545.32393.13 Full Text \| PDF
	HIV Protease Inhibitors and Hyperlipidemia: A Fatty Acid Connection Arthur A. Spector Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:7-9, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000198749.28422.29 Full Text \| PDF
	Tightening the Barrier: Mechanical Forces and the Control of Endothelial Permeability Jeremy D. Pearson Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:10-11, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000197858.50074.c6 Full Text \| PDF
	Brief Reviews
	What Is So Special About Apolipoprotein AI in Reverse Cholesterol Transport? Linda K. Curtiss, David T. Valenta, Neil J. Hime, and Kerry-Anne Rye Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:12-19; published online before print November 3 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000194291.94269.5a Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF In this brief review, we propose that spherical apoAI is derived from HDL by remodeling events that are accomplished by proteins secreted by cholesteryl ester-loaded foam cells, including the lipid transfer proteins, phospholipid transfer protein, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein, and the triglyceride hydrolases hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase.
	Assembly of High-Density Lipoprotein Shinji Yokoyama Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:20-27; published online before print November 10 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000195789.39418.e8 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF HDL is generated by the interaction of helical apolipoproteins with cellular lipid. The reaction is mediated by ABCA1 as one of the major pathways for somatic cells to export cellular cholesterol for its homeostasis. Phospholipid is primarily recruited for the HDL assembly and its cholesterol enrichment is regulated independently.
	Obesity, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor, and Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Florian Blaschke, Yasunori Takata, Evren Caglayan, Ronald E. Law, and Willa A. Hsueh Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:28-40; published online before print October 20 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000191663.12164.77 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Obesity and the interrelated disorders of the metabolic syndrome have become a major worldwide health problem. In this review, we summarize the critical role of PPARs in regulating inflammation, lipoprotein metabolism, and glucose homeostasis and their potential implications for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.
	What Does It Take to Make the Perfect Clot? Dougald M. Monroe and Maureane Hoffman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:41-48; published online before print October 27 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000193624.28251.83 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The coagulation process has been conceptualized as being primarily dependent on adequate levels of the coagulation proteins. This concept was based on the clear relationship between the bleeding tendency and factor levels in hemophilia. Our understanding of how specific cellular features control the processes of hemostasis and thrombosis is developing rapidly. This review discusses some aspects of the cellular control of coagulation.
	Vascular Biology
	Dynein–Dynactin Complex Mediates Protein Kinase A–Dependent Clustering of Weibel-Palade Bodies in Endothelial Cells Mariska G. Rondaij, Ruben Bierings, Astrid Kragt, Karina A. Gijzen, Erica Sellink, Jan A. van Mourik, Mar Fernandez-Borja, and Jan Voorberg Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:49-55; published online before print October 20 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000191639.08082.04 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Perinuclear clustering is observed for several different organelles and illustrates dynamic regulation of the secretory pathway and organelle distribution. Previously, we observed that a subset of Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs), endothelial cell-specific storage organelles, undergo centralization when endothelial cells are stimulated with cAMP-raising agonists of von Willebrand factor secretion. In this study, we investigated this phenomenon of WPB clustering in more detail.
	Migration and Growth Are Attenuated in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells With Type VIII Collagen-Null Alleles Eser Adiguzel, Guangpei Hou, Diane Mulholland, Ulrike Hopfer, Naomi Fukai, Bjorn Olsen, and Michelle Bendeck Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:56-61; published online before print November 3 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000194155.96456.b7 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Type VIII collagen is upregulated after vascular injury and in atherosclerosis. Using smooth muscle cells from wild-type and type VIII collagen knockout mice, we show that cells that are able to produce endogenous type VIII collagen, proliferate, spread, and migrate more when the cells are plated on a type I collagen matrix.
	Cyclic Strain–Mediated Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Occludin and ZO-1: Influence on Intercellular Tight Junction Assembly and Function Nora T. Collins, Philip M. Cummins, Olga C. Colgan, Gail Ferguson, Yvonne A. Birney, Ronan P. Murphy, Gerardene Meade, and Paul A. Cahill Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:62-68; published online before print November 3 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000194097.92824.b3 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cyclic strain on the expression, modification, and function of 2 pivotal endothelial tight junction components: occludin and ZO-1. Our findings indicate that cyclic strain modulates the expression and phosphorylation of both proteins with consequences for their association and subcellular localization at the cell-cell border and, ultimately, for endothelial barrier integrity.
	Transcriptional Profiles of Valvular and Vascular Endothelial Cells Reveal Phenotypic Differences: Influence of Shear Stress Jonathan T. Butcher, Sarah Tressel, Tiffany Johnson, Debi Turner, George Sorescu, Hanjoong Jo, and Robert M. Nerem Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:69-77; published online before print November 17 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000196624.70507.0d Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Aortic and aortic valve endothelial cell gene expression was compared in static and steady shear environments. Transcriptional profiles suggested that valvular endothelial cells are similar in some respects but distinct in other ways that may have important implications for the understanding of valvular pathology and therapeutic strategies.
	Reticulocyte 15-Lipoxygenase-I Is Important in Acetylcholine-Induced Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in Rabbit Aorta Xin Tang, Blythe B. Holmes, Kasem Nithipatikom, Cecilia J. Hillard, Hartmut Kuhn, and William B. Campbell Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:78-84; published online before print October 20 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000191640.73313.ad Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement 15-LO-I is expressed in rabbit aorta. 15-LO regulates vasodilatory eicosanoid synthesis and vascular tone.
	Curcumin Inhibits Platelet-Derived Growth Factor–Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function and Injury-Induced Neointima Formation Xiaoping Yang, D. Paul Thomas, Xiaochun Zhang, Bruce W. Culver, Brenda M. Alexander, William J. Murdoch, Mysore N.A. Rao, David A. Tulis, Jun Ren, and Nair Sreejayan Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:85-90; published online before print October 20 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000191635.00744.b6 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Curcumin, the major component of the food additive turmeric, inhibits PDGF-stimulated smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis. Curcumin attenuates neointima development, collagen accumulation, and upregulation of PDGF receptors in a rat arterial balloon-injury model. These effects may be attributed to the inhibition of PDGF signal transduction by curcumin.
	ß-Catenin Overexpression Augments Angiogenesis and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Through Dual Mechanism of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Mediated Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Progenitor Cell Mobilization Kwang-il Kim, Hyun-Ju Cho, Joo-Yong Hahn, Tae-Youn Kim, Kyung-Woo Park, Bon-Kwon Koo, Chan Soo Shin, Cheol-Ho Kim, Byung-Heeh Oh, Myoung-Mook Lee, Young-Bae Park, and Hyo-Soo Kim Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:91-98; published online before print October 27 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000193569.12490.4b Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The role of ß-catenin in endothelial cells and myocytes has not been studied. We show that ß-catenin overexpression augments angiogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration through not only vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated endothelial cell proliferation but also through progenitor cell mobilization or activation. These results implicate ß-catenin as an important regulator in ischemic tissue.
	Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation by Tumor Necrosis Factor ${alpha}$ Through Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2, Sphingosine Kinase 1, and Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptors: A Novel Pathway Relevant to the Pathophysiology of Endothelium Clara De Palma, Elisabetta Meacci, Cristiana Perrotta, Paola Bruni, and Emilio Clementi Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:99-105; published online before print November 3 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000194074.59584.42 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement How tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-activates endothelial NO synthase to generate NO in the endothelium was not known. This study shows that TNF- activates endothelial NO synthase via Sph1P. Because Sph1P and NO interact to regulate important aspects of endothelial cell activation by TNF-, their link with TNF- in a same signaling pathway is of biological relevance.
	Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A₂ Is an Independent Marker for Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans Eric H. Yang, Joseph P. McConnell, Ryan J. Lennon, Gregory W. Barsness, Geralyn Pumper, Stacy J. Hartman, Charanjit S. Rihal, Lilach O. Lerman, and Amir Lerman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:106-111; published online before print October 20 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000191655.87296.ab Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Coronary endothelial dysfunction can be considered a marker for early atherosclerosis and has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of ischemic cardiac events and stroke. The results of the current study show that Lp-PLA2, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of oxidized phospholipids, is independently associated with coronary artery endothelial dysfunction and is a strong predictor of endothelial dysfunction in humans.
	Circulating CD31⁺/Annexin V⁺ Apoptotic Microparticles Correlate With Coronary Endothelial Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Nikos Werner, Sven Wassmann, Patrick Ahlers, Sonja Kosiol, and Georg Nickenig Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:112-116; published online before print October 20 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000191634.13057.15 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Endothelial function may be influenced by the degree of endothelial cell apoptosis. Endothelial function and endothelial cell apoptosis was assessed in patients with coronary artery disease. Increased apoptotic microparticle counts correlated with impairment of invasively measured coronary endothelial function. Endothelial-dependent vasodilatation closely relies on the degree of endothelial cell apoptosis.
	Cholesteryl Esters of Aggregated LDL Are Internalized by Selective Uptake in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Vicenta Llorente-Cortés, Marta Otero-Viñas, Sandra Camino-López, Paula Costales, and Lina Badimon Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:117-123; published online before print October 27 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000193618.32611.8b Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement LRP1-mediated aggregated low-density lipoprotein (agLDL) uptake induces intracellular cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation. Our aim was to characterize the mechanism of agLDL internalization in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Results demonstrate that LRP1 mediates the selective uptake of CE from agLDL and that CE derived from agLDL is not intracellularly processed but stored in lipid droplets in human VSMCs.
	Ritonavir Impairs Lipoprotein Lipase–Mediated Lipolysis and Decreases Uptake of Fatty Acids in Adipose Tissue Marion A.M. den Boer, Jimmy F.P. Berbée, Peter Reiss, Marc van der Valk, Peter J. Voshol, Folkert Kuipers, Louis M. Havekes, Patrick C.N. Rensen, and Johannes A. Romijn Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:124-129; published online before print November 3 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000194073.87647.10 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We investigated the mechanism underlying the hypertriglyceridemia associated with ritonavir treatment in APOE*3-Leiden mice. Ritonavir increased the postprandial triglyceride response and decreased the clearance of glycerol tri[3H]oleatelabeled very low density lipoprotein-like emulsion particles, as related to decreased plasma lipoprotein lipase activity. These effects were accompanied by decreased fatty acid flux into adipose tissue.
	Fatty Acids Cause Alterations of Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Proteoglycans That Increase the Affinity for Low-Density Lipoprotein Mariam Rodríguez-Lee, Gunnel Östergren-Lundén, Boel Wallin, Jonatan Moses, Göran Bondjers, and Germán Camejo Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:130-135; published online before print October 20 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000191659.94059.62 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We examined the effects of increased NEFA and insulin on the proteoglycans secreted by hASMC and whether these effects might affect LDL binding. The results indicate that increased fatty acids could induce qualitative and quantitative alterations of the intima extracellular matrix proteoglycans favoring LDL retention and possibly atherogenesis.
	Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
	Expression of Neutrophil Gelatinase–Associated Lipocalin in Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction Anne-Louise Hemdahl, Anders Gabrielsen, Chaoyong Zhu, Per Eriksson, Ulf Hedin, Jens Kastrup, Peter Thorén, and Göran K. Hansson Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:136-142; published online before print October 27 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000193567.88685.f4 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement NGAL protects MMP-9 from inactivation but has not been described previously in atherosclerosis. Our study shows that NGAL and its mouse homolog are increased in atherosclerosis and after myocardial infarction and colocalize with MMP-9 in atherosclerotic areas with high-proteolytic activity, suggesting a modulating role for NGAL in atherosclerosis.
	Nicotine Induces Proinflammatory Responses in Macrophages and the Aorta Leading to Acceleration of Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor^–/– Mice Paul P. Lau, Lan Li, Aksam J. Merched, Alan L. Zhang, Kerry W.S. Ko, and Lawrence Chan Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:143-149; published online before print October 27 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000193510.19000.10 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We investigated the molecular mechanism of nicotine-accelerated atherosclerosis in the hyperlipidemic LDLR-/- mouse model. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of nicotine-mediated atherogenesis. Nicotine directly activates macrophages via the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, activating multiple downstream events, leading to NF-{kappa}B-mediated inflammation in the arterial wall and accelerated atherosclerosis.
	Macrophage Apolipoprotein E Reduces Atherosclerosis and Prevents Premature Death in Apolipoprotein E and Scavenger Receptor–Class BI Double-Knockout Mice Hong Yu, Wenwu Zhang, Patricia G. Yancey, Mark J. Koury, Youmin Zhang, Sergio Fazio, and MacRae F. Linton Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:150-156; published online before print November 3 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000194096.89476.73 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Mice null for apolipoprotein E and scavenger receptor class BI develop severe hypercholesterolemia, occlusive coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and premature death, The current study indicates that macrophage apolipoprotein E is able to rescue the lethal phenotype of apolipoprotein E-/- scavenger receptor class BI-/- mice by preventing severe dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic lesion development.
	Distinct Cellular Loci for the ABCA1-Dependent and ABCA1-Independent Lipid Efflux Mediated by Endogenous Apolipoprotein E Expression Zhi H. Huang, Michael L. Fitzgerald, and Theodore Mazzone Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:157-162; published online before print October 27 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000193627.12516.1d Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF These studies establish 2 separate pathways for lipid efflux mediated by the endogenous expression of cellular apoE. One is mediated by the extracellular accumulation of endogenous apolipoprotein E and depends on the expression of ABCA1. The second requires the intracellular synthesis and transport of apolipoprotein E and is independent of ABCA1.
	Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulates ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter-A1 Expression and Apolipoprotein-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux From Macrophages Makoto Ayaori, Shojiro Sawada, Atsushi Yonemura, Noriyuki Iwamoto, Masatsune Ogura, Nobukiyo Tanaka, Kazuhiro Nakaya, Masatoshi Kusuhara, Haruo Nakamura, and Fumitaka Ohsuzu Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:163-168; published online before print October 27 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000193513.29074.52 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Several nuclear receptors regulate ABCA1 expression to maintain intracellular cholesterol. The present study showed that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist and antagonist, respectively, attenuated and stimulated cholesterol efflux from macrophages by apolipoprotein and ABCA1 expression, which are regulated by GR at a transcriptional level through an LXR-independent mechanism.
	Stimulation of Liver-Directed Cholesterol Flux in Mice by Novel N-Acetylgalactosamine–Terminated Glycolipids With High Affinity for the Asialoglycoprotein Receptor Patrick C.N. Rensen, Leo A.J.M. Sliedregt, Peter J. van Santbrink, Michiel Ferns, Hendrik N.J. Schifferstein, Steven H. van Leeuwen, John H.M. Souverijn, Theo J.C. van Berkel, and Erik A.L. Biessen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:169-175; published online before print October 27 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000193620.98587.40 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement A bifunctional glycolipid with a high affinity for the asialoglycoprotein receptor on hepatocytes dramatically induced the hepatic uptake of lipoproteins and evoked strong and persistent cholesterol-lowering effects in mice. This glycolipid may be of added value in the treatment of patients who do not respond to conventional cholesterol-lowering therapies.
	Ferumoxtran-10–Enhanced MRI of the Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit Aorta: Relationship Between Signal Loss and Macrophage Infiltration Fabien Hyafil, Jean-Pierre Laissy, Mikael Mazighi, Didier Tchétché, Liliane Louedec, Homa Adle-Biassette, Sylvie Chillon, Dominique Henin, Marie-Paule Jacob, Didier Letourneur, and Laurent J. Feldman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:176-181; published online before print November 3 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000194098.82677.57 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We evaluated the ability of ferumoxtran-10-enhanced MRI to quantify macrophage infiltration in the aortic wall of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Ferumoxtran-10-induced magnetic susceptibility artifacts were detected by in vivo MRI only in macrophage-rich aortic segments. Magnetic susceptibility artifact-related luminal narrowing on MRI correlated with macrophage infiltration on corresponding aortic cross-sections.
	Effects of Pioglitazone on Lipoproteins, Inflammatory Markers, and Adipokines in Nondiabetic Patients with Metabolic Syndrome Philippe O. Szapary, LeAnne T. Bloedon, Frederick F. Samaha, Danielle Duffy, Megan L. Wolfe, Daniel Soffer, Muredach P. Reilly, Jesse Chittams, and Daniel J. Rader Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:182-188; published online before print November 10 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000195790.24531.4f Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We performed a detailed evaluation of the lipid effects of pioglitazone (PIO) in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. The primary finding was that PIO raised high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 14% compared with placebo, without significant changes triglycerides or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Our results suggest that PIO may be useful as an antiatherosclerotic strategy in this nondiabetic population.
	Diabetes, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Angiographic Progression of Coronary Arterial Disease in Postmenopausal Women Philip B. Mellen, William T. Cefalu, and David M. Herrington Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:189-193; published online before print October 20 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000191656.71812.7c Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Although the metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, its relationship with atherosclerotic progression is less well defined. We sought to determine whether the MS predicts angiographic progression of coronary heart disease in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Among postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease, the presence of diabetes predicted disease progression, but the MS did not.
	Differential Expression of Chemokines, Risk of Stable Coronary Heart Disease, and Correlation with Established Cardiovascular Risk Markers Dietrich Rothenbacher, Sylvia Müller-Scholze, Christian Herder, Wolfgang Koenig, and Hubert Kolb Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:194-199; published online before print October 20 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000191633.52585.14 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF In this large, case-control study including patients with angiographically defined stable CHD, we found evidence of a differential expression of chemokines associated with the risk for CHD.
	Chemokines in Children With Heterozygous Familiar Hypercholesterolemia: Selective Upregulation of RANTES Kirsten B. Holven, Jan K. Damås, Arne Yndestad, Torgun Wæhre, Thor Ueland, Bente Halvorsen, Lars Heggelund, Wiggo J. Sandberg, Anne G. Semb, Stig S. Frøland, Leiv Ose, Marit S. Nenseter, and Pål Aukrust Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:200-205; published online before print October 27 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000193619.67288.ed Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Herein we show that children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia are characterized by enhanced expression of RANTES but not of the other measured chemokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our findings support a role for inflammation also in the early stages of atherogenesis possibly involving RANTES as an important mediator.
	Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Is Related to Reduced Regional Left Ventricular Function in Individuals Without History of Clinical Cardiovascular Disease: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Thor Edvardsen, Robert Detrano, Boaz D. Rosen, J. Jeffrey Carr, Kiang Liu, Shenghan Lai, Steven Shea, Li Pan, David A. Bluemke, and João A.C. Lima Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:206-211; published online before print November 3 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000194077.23234.ae Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Participants of the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis without history of previous heart disease were studied by MRI tagging and computed tomography. Greater coronary calcification in all coronary arteries were related to worse function in their respective perfusion territories. These results indicate a link between atherosclerosis and subclinical regional left ventricular dysfunction.
	Interleukin 6 –174 G/C Promoter Polymorphism and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Results from the Rotterdam Study and a Meta-Analysis Mark P.S. Sie, Fakhredin A. Sayed-Tabatabaei, Hok-Hay S. Oei, André G. Uitterlinden, Hubert A.P. Pols, Albert Hofman, Cornelia M. van Duijn, and Jacqueline C.M. Witteman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:212-217; published online before print November 3 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000194099.65024.17 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerosis. The association of the inflammatory interleukin 6 -174 G/C polymorphism and risk of coronary heart disease was investigated in a population-based study and additional meta-analysis. No association was found; we conclude the polymorphism is not a suitable marker for increased risk.
	Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Determines Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Saphenous Veins From Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Sammy Al-Benna, Carlene A. Hamilton, John D. McClure, Paul N. Rogers, Geoffrey A. Berg, Ian Ford, Christian Delles, and Anna F. Dominiczak Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:218-223; published online before print October 27 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000193626.22269.45 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We examined the role of oxidative stress in the relationship between endothelial dysfunction of saphenous veins and cardiovascular disease. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was the major determinant of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in patients with coronary artery disease. These results support intensive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering therapy as suggested by recent clinical trials.
	Thrombosis
	Adiponectin Acts as an Endogenous Antithrombotic Factor Hisashi Kato, Hirokazu Kashiwagi, Masamichi Shiraga, Seiji Tadokoro, Tsuyoshi Kamae, Hidetoshi Ujiie, Shigenori Honda, Shigeki Miyata, Yoshinobu Ijiri, Junichiro Yamamoto, Norikazu Maeda, Tohru Funahashi, Yoshiyuki Kurata, Iichiro Shimomura, Yoshiaki Tomiyama, and Yuzuru Kanakura Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:224-230; published online before print November 3 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000194076.84568.81 Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We demonstrated an enhanced thrombus formation and platelet aggregation in adiponectin knockout mice and that adenovirus-mediated supplementation of adiponectin attenuated the enhanced thrombus formation. In wild-type mice, overexpression of adiponectin attenuated thrombus formation. These findings reveal a new role of adiponectin as an endogenous antithrombotic factor.
	Letters to the Editor
	High Plasma Levels of Osteopontin in Patients With Restenosis After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Ryuichi Kato, Yukihiko Momiyama, Reiko Ohmori, Nobukiyo Tanaka, Hiroaki Taniguchi, Koh Arakawa, Masatoshi Kusuhara, Haruo Nakamura, and Fumitaka Ohsuzu Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e1-e2, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000194157.26665.e6 Full Text \| PDF
	Impaired Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Vasodilation in Young Female Athletes With Exercise-Associated Amenorrhea Noriko Yoshida, Hisao Ikeda, Kenzo Sugi, and Tsutomu Imaizumi Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:231-232, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000199102.60747.18 Full Text \| PDF
	Aldosterone Promotes Thrombosis Formation After Arterial Injury in Mice P.F. Bodary, C. Sambaziotis, K.J. Wickenheiser, S. Rajagopalan, B. Pitt, and D.T. Eitzman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:233, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000195782.07637.44 Full Text \| PDF
	Acknowledgement of Reviewers
	Acknowledgement of Reviewers Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:e3-e9 Full Text \| PDF

Spotlight

TOC Spotlight File

Volume 26, Issue 1; January 1, 2006

Announcement

New Investigator Awards

Editorials

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2006

Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 and Cardiovascular Risk: State of the Evidence and Future Directions

HIV Protease Inhibitors and Hyperlipidemia: A Fatty Acid Connection

Tightening the Barrier: Mechanical Forces and the Control of Endothelial Permeability

Brief Reviews

What Is So Special About Apolipoprotein AI in Reverse Cholesterol Transport?

Assembly of High-Density Lipoprotein

Obesity, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor, and Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes

What Does It Take to Make the Perfect Clot?

Vascular Biology

Dynein–Dynactin Complex Mediates Protein Kinase A–Dependent Clustering of Weibel-Palade Bodies in Endothelial Cells

Migration and Growth Are Attenuated in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells With Type VIII Collagen-Null Alleles

Cyclic Strain–Mediated Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Occludin and ZO-1: Influence on Intercellular Tight Junction Assembly and Function

Transcriptional Profiles of Valvular and Vascular Endothelial Cells Reveal Phenotypic Differences: Influence of Shear Stress

Reticulocyte 15-Lipoxygenase-I Is Important in Acetylcholine-Induced Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in Rabbit Aorta

Curcumin Inhibits Platelet-Derived Growth Factor–Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function and Injury-Induced Neointima Formation

ß-Catenin Overexpression Augments Angiogenesis and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Through Dual Mechanism of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Mediated Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Progenitor Cell Mobilization

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation by Tumor Necrosis Factor Through Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2, Sphingosine Kinase 1, and Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptors: A Novel Pathway Relevant to the Pathophysiology of Endothelium

Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Is an Independent Marker for Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans

Circulating CD31+/Annexin V+ Apoptotic Microparticles Correlate With Coronary Endothelial Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Cholesteryl Esters of Aggregated LDL Are Internalized by Selective Uptake in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Ritonavir Impairs Lipoprotein Lipase–Mediated Lipolysis and Decreases Uptake of Fatty Acids in Adipose Tissue

Fatty Acids Cause Alterations of Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Proteoglycans That Increase the Affinity for Low-Density Lipoprotein

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

Expression of Neutrophil Gelatinase–Associated Lipocalin in Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction

Nicotine Induces Proinflammatory Responses in Macrophages and the Aorta Leading to Acceleration of Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–/– Mice

Macrophage Apolipoprotein E Reduces Atherosclerosis and Prevents Premature Death in Apolipoprotein E and Scavenger Receptor–Class BI Double-Knockout Mice

Distinct Cellular Loci for the ABCA1-Dependent and ABCA1-Independent Lipid Efflux Mediated by Endogenous Apolipoprotein E Expression

Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulates ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter-A1 Expression and Apolipoprotein-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux From Macrophages

Stimulation of Liver-Directed Cholesterol Flux in Mice by Novel N-Acetylgalactosamine–Terminated Glycolipids With High Affinity for the Asialoglycoprotein Receptor

Ferumoxtran-10–Enhanced MRI of the Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit Aorta: Relationship Between Signal Loss and Macrophage Infiltration

Effects of Pioglitazone on Lipoproteins, Inflammatory Markers, and Adipokines in Nondiabetic Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Diabetes, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Angiographic Progression of Coronary Arterial Disease in Postmenopausal Women

Differential Expression of Chemokines, Risk of Stable Coronary Heart Disease, and Correlation with Established Cardiovascular Risk Markers

Chemokines in Children With Heterozygous Familiar Hypercholesterolemia: Selective Upregulation of RANTES

Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Is Related to Reduced Regional Left Ventricular Function in Individuals Without History of Clinical Cardiovascular Disease: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Interleukin 6 –174 G/C Promoter Polymorphism and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Results from the Rotterdam Study and a Meta-Analysis

Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Determines Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Saphenous Veins From Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Thrombosis

Adiponectin Acts as an Endogenous Antithrombotic Factor

Letters to the Editor

High Plasma Levels of Osteopontin in Patients With Restenosis After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Impaired Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Vasodilation in Young Female Athletes With Exercise-Associated Amenorrhea

Aldosterone Promotes Thrombosis Formation After Arterial Injury in Mice

Acknowledgement of Reviewers

Acknowledgement of Reviewers

Spotlight

Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A₂ and Cardiovascular Risk: State of the Evidence and Future Directions

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation by Tumor Necrosis Factor ${alpha}$ Through Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2, Sphingosine Kinase 1, and Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptors: A Novel Pathway Relevant to the Pathophysiology of Endothelium

Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A₂ Is an Independent Marker for Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans

Circulating CD31⁺/Annexin V⁺ Apoptotic Microparticles Correlate With Coronary Endothelial Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Nicotine Induces Proinflammatory Responses in Macrophages and the Aorta Leading to Acceleration of Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor^–/– Mice