Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology -- Table of Contents (25 [8])

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Volume 25, Issue 8; August 1, 2005

Editorials
Special Article
Brief Reviews
Vascular Biology
Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
Thrombosis
Letters to the Editor
Corrections

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	Editorials
	CRP—Marker or Maker of Cardiovascular Disease? Jan Nilsson Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1527-1528, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000174796.81443.3f. Full Text \| PDF
	Getting a GRP on Tissue Factor Activation Lindsay M. Pozza and Richard C. Austin Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1529-1531, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000177041.47444.e2. Full Text \| PDF
	Stored Iron and Vascular Reactivity Jerome L. Sullivan Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1532-1535, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000174124.20147.22. Full Text \| PDF
	Lipoprotein Retention—and Clues for Atheroma Regression Kevin Jon Williams and Ira Tabas Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1536-1540, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000174795.62387.d3. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF
	Special Article
	Complex Trait Locus Linkage Mapping in Atherosclerosis: Time to Take a Step Back Before Moving Forward? Rebecca L. Pollex and Robert A. Hegele Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1541-1544; published online before print June 9 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000173307.25652.89. Full Text \| PDF
	Brief Reviews
	Signaling of the Tissue Factor Coagulation Pathway in Angiogenesis and Cancer Mattias Belting, Jasimuddin Ahamed, and Wolfram Ruf Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1545-1550; published online before print May 19 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000171155.05809.bf. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Activation of coagulation precedes or coincides with angiogenesis in wound healing and post-ischemic tissue regeneration. Advanced cancer is associated with a hypercoagulable state, and tissue factor expression by cancer cells has received widespread attention. Here we review the molecular mechanisms of tissue factor pathways in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis with emphasis on the intriguing role for tissue factor cytoplasmic domain signaling.
	Vascular Consequences of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling for the Activity and Expression of the Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase and the cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Thomas Münzel, Andreas Daiber, Volker Ullrich, and Alexander Mülsch Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1551-1557; published online before print May 5 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168896.64927.bb. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement
	Biomechanical Determinants of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture David A. Vorp and Jonathan P. Vande Geest Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1558-1566; published online before print August 1 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000174129.77391.55. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Careful consideration of the biomechanics of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) may potentially lead to an improved, case-specific prediction of AAA rupture potential, thereby significantly improving the clinical management of these patients. Presented here is an overview of research aimed at improving our understanding of the biomechanics of AAA.
	Quantification of Calcification in Atherosclerotic Lesions Catherine L. Higgins, Seth A. Marvel, and Joel D. Morrisett Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1567-1576; published online before print May 26 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000172017.79441.73. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF
	Vascular Biology
	Iron Stores and Vascular Function in Voluntary Blood Donors Haoyi Zheng, Ritchard Cable, Bryan Spencer, Nancy Votto, and Stuart D. Katz Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1577-1583; published online before print June 16 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000174126.28201.61. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Reduction of iron stores secondary to blood donation has been hypothesized to reduce coronary risk. We prospectively assessed the effects of blood donation frequency on body iron stores and physiological and biochemical biomarkers of vascular function. High-frequency blood donors had decreased body iron stores, decreased oxidative stress, and enhanced vascular function when compared with low-frequency donors.
	Platelet, Not Endothelial, P-Selectin Is Required for Neointimal Formation After Vascular Injury Kai Wang, Xiaorong Zhou, Zhongmin Zhou, Niladri Mal, Liming Fan, Ming Zhang, A. Michael Lincoff, Edward F. Plow, Eric J. Topol, and Marc S. Penn Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1584-1589; published online before print June 9 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000172687.01179.d4. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The relative importance of platelet and endothelial P-selectins to neointimal formation after vascular injury was determined by bone marrow transplantation. Significantly less neointima was observed from EC-Psel mice when compared with Plt-Psel mice and WT mice. Decreased neointimal formation was accompanied by reduced inflammation.
	PECAM-1 Mediates NO-Dependent Dilation of Arterioles to High Temporal Gradients of Shear Stress Zsolt Bagi, John A. Frangos, Jiunn-Chern Yeh, Charles R. White, Gabor Kaley, and Akos Koller Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1590-1595; published online before print May 12 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000170136.71970.5f. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We found that in isolated skeletal muscle arterioles of PECAM-1 knockout mice the NO-mediated dilations to high temporal gradients of wall shear stress is reduced. Thus, we propose a role for PECAM-1 in the ability of the endothelium to sense high temporal gradients of shear stress which is coupled with NO-mediated vasodilation.
	GLUT4 Facilitative Glucose Transporter Specifically and Differentially Contributes to Agonist-Induced Vascular Reactivity in Mouse Aorta James L. Park, Robert D. Loberg, Damon Duquaine, Hongyu Zhang, Baljit K. Deo, Noelia Ardanaz, Jami Coyle, Kevin B. Atkins, MaryLee Schin, Maureen J. Charron, Arno K. Kumagai, Patrick J. Pagano, and Frank C. Brosius, III Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1596-1602; published online before print May 12 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000170137.41079.ab. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We found that GLUT4 is a predominant transporter in VSMCs, and that GLUT4, as well as non-GLUT4 transporters, are necessary for agonist-induced VSMC contraction. However, each transporter participates in VSMC contraction selectively, depending on the agonist. Decreased GLUT4 expression may account for some functional changes associated with vascular diseases such as hypertension.
	Impaired Revascularization in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated With Dysregulation of a Complex Angiogenic-Regulatory Network Stephan Schiekofer, Gennaro Galasso, Kaori Sato, Benjamin J. Kraus, and Kenneth Walsh Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1603-1609; published online before print May 26 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000171994.89106.ca. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Angiogenic repair of ischemic hindlimbs was impaired in diabetic Leprdb/db and WT mice as evaluated by laser Doppler measurements. cDNA expression profiles were created from adductor muscle of Leprdb/db and WT mice before and after hindlimb ischemia illustrating the dysregulation of a complex angiogenesis-regulatory network in diabetic mice.
	Type 2 Diabetic Mice Have Increased Arteriolar Tone and Blood Pressure: Enhanced Release of COX-2–Derived Constrictor Prostaglandins Zsolt Bagi, Nora Erdei, Attila Toth, Wei Li, Thomas H. Hintze, Akos Koller, and Gabor Kaley Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1610-1616; published online before print June 9 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000172688.26838.9f. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Here we report that mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus have elevated systolic blood pressures and increased peripheral vascular resistance. In type 2 diabetic mice, these alterations are associated with enhanced skeletal muscle arteriolar tone, which is likely attributable to increased release of COX-2-derived constrictor prostaglandins within the arteriolar wall.
	Mechanisms of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase–Mediated Vascular Dysfunction C.A. Gunnett, D.D. Lund, A.K. McDowell, F.M. Faraci, and D.D. Heistad Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1617-1622; published online before print June 2 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000172626.00296.ba. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed in arteries during inflammation and may impair vascular contraction of rabbit carotid artery by activation of soluble guanylate cyclase. iNOS also impairs vascular relaxation by limiting availability of BH4. Furthermore, expression of iNOS in endothelium impairs vascular function more than expression of iNOS in adventitia.
	Regulation of Xanthine Oxidoreductase Protein Expression by Hydrogen Peroxide and Calcium J. Scott McNally, Archana Saxena, Hua Cai, Sergey Dikalov, and David G. Harrison Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1623-1628; published online before print May 19 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000170827.16296.6e. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement In this study we found that H2O2-dependent calcium release from the ER caused conversion of XDH to XO, and that this was prevented by nitric oxide. This may represent a feed-forward mechanism in many disease processes whereby H2O2 can stimulate further ROS production through XDH-to-XO conversion.
	Novel Conformation-Specific Antibodies Against Matrix ${gamma}$ -Carboxyglutamic Acid (Gla) Protein: Undercarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein as Marker for Vascular Calcification Leon J. Schurgers, Kirsten J.F. Teunissen, Marjo H.J. Knapen, Martijn Kwaijtaal, Rob van Diest, Ad Appels, Chris P. Reutelingsperger, Jack P.M. Cleutjens, and Cees Vermeer Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1629-1633; published online before print June 16 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000173313.46222.43. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement MGP is a strong inhibitor of arterial calcification; its function depends on vitamin K status. In this work, we demonstrate that: (1) undercarboxylated MGP is associated with arterial calcification, and (2) patients with angioplasty tend to have low serum MGP.
	Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
	Recombinant Leptin Promotes Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice Peter F. Bodary, Shufang Gu, Yuechun Shen, Alyssa H. Hasty, Joshua M. Buckler, and Daniel T. Eitzman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:e119-e122; published online before print June 9 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000173306.47722.ec. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The direct role of leptin in vascular disease remains controversial. Our studies indicate that exogenous leptin promotes atherosclerosis and thrombosis and support the concept that elevations of leptin may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease.
	Recombinant Leptin Promotes Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice Peter F. Bodary, Shufang Gu, Yuechun Shen, Alyssa H. Hasty, Joshua M. Buckler, and Daniel T. Eitzman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1634. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF
	No Effect of C-Reactive Protein on Early Atherosclerosis Development in Apolipoprotein E3-Leiden/Human C-Reactive Protein Transgenic Mice A. Trion, M.P.M. de Maat, J.W. Jukema, A. van der Laarse, M.C. Maas, E.H. Offerman, L.M. Havekes, A.J. Szalai, H.M.G. Princen, and J.J. Emeis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1635-1640; published online before print May 26 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000171992.36710.1e. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with incidence and severity of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether CRP is causally involved in atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of CVD, is unclear. This study in apolipoprotein E3-Leiden transgenic mice demonstrated that mildly elevated levels of CRP in plasma did not contribute to atherosclerosis development.
	Role of C-Reactive Protein in Atherogenesis: Can the Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mouse Provide the Answer? Kurt Reifenberg, Hans-Anton Lehr, Daniela Baskal, Elena Wiese, Stephan C. Schaefer, Steven Black, David Samols, Michael Torzewski, Karl J. Lackner, Matthias Husmann, Maria Blettner, and Sucharit Bhakdi Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1641-1646; published online before print May 26 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000171983.95612.90. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Transgenic mice expressing rabbit CRP were crossbred onto apolipoprotein E knockout animals, and the animals were monitored for the development of atherosclerotic lesions. We failed to detect a significant influence of CRP transgenesis on atherogenesis in apoE knockout mice.
	Conditional Knockout of Macrophage PPAR ${gamma}$ Increases Atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 and Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice Vladimir R. Babaev, Patricia G. Yancey, Sergey V. Ryzhov, Valentina Kon, Matthew D. Breyer, Mark A. Magnuson, Sergio Fazio, and MacRae F. Linton Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1647-1653; published online before print June 9 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000173413.31789.1a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement To investigate the contribution of macrophage PPAR{gamma} on atherogenesis, we generated macrophage-specific PPAR{gamma} knockout (MacPPAR{gamma}KO) mice. C57BL/6 and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient mice were reconstituted with MacPPAR{gamma}KO marrow. These mice had significantly larger atherosclerotic lesions than control recipients. MacPPAR{gamma}KO macrophages had decreased uptake of oxidized LDL and increased CCR2 expression levels.
	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- ${gamma}$ 2 P12A Polymorphism and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in US Men and Women Tobias Pischon, Jennifer K. Pai, JoAnn E. Manson, Frank B. Hu, Kathryn M. Rexrode, David Hunter, and Eric B. Rimm Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1654-1658; published online before print May 26 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000171993.78135.7e. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF This study did not find a decreased risk of CHD among carriers of the PPARG2 A12 allele in 2 nested case control studies of women and men. Overweight but not normal weight carriers of the A12 allele were at increased risk of CHD; however, these results require confirmation from future studies.
	Reduced Immunoregulatory CD31⁺ T Cells in the Blood of Atherosclerotic Mice With Plaque Thrombosis Giuseppina Caligiuri, Emilie Groyer, Jamila Khallou-Laschet, Ayman Al Haj Zen, Julie Sainz, Dominique Urbain, Anh-Thu Gaston, Mathilde Lemitre, Antonino Nicoletti, and Antoine Lafont Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1659-1664; published online before print June 2 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000172660.24580.b4. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Lymphocyte activation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of plaque thrombosis. CD31+ T cells regulate T cells activation. We found that circulating CD31+ T cells were reduced in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with plaque thrombosis. Our data suggest that CD31+ T cells may play a regulatory role in plaque thrombosis.
	Association Between 5-Lipoxygenase Expression and Plaque Instability in Humans Francesco Cipollone, Andrea Mezzetti, Maria Luigia Fazia, Chiara Cuccurullo, Annalisa Iezzi, Sante Ucchino, Francesco Spigonardo, Marco Bucci, Franco Cuccurullo, Stephen M. Prescott, and Diana M. Stafforini Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1665-1670; published online before print June 2 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000172632.96987.2d. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Plaque instability involves the participation of numerous genes, the most of which are still unknown. We conducted analyses of 5-lipoxygenase expression in human carotid plaques. 5-Lipoxygenase was overexpressed in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic plaques and correlated with increased leukotriene B4 and metalloproteinase production expression. Thus, this study indicates a potential role for 5-lipoxygenase in plaque instability.
	Vitamin E Inhibits Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Angiotensin II–Infused Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice Dan Gavrila, Wei Gen Li, Michael L. McCormick, Manesh Thomas, Alan Daugherty, Lisa A. Cassis, Francis J. Miller, Jr, Larry W. Oberley, Kevin C. Dellsperger, and Neal L. Weintraub Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1671-1677; published online before print June 2 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000172631.50972.0f. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We investigated the effects of vitamin E on angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Vitamin E reduced AAA maximal diameter and weight while attenuating aortic 8-isoprostane formation, macrophage infiltration, and osteopontin expression (P<0.05, respectively). Vitamin E also decreased the combined end point of fatal plus nonfatal artic rupture by 44% (P<0.05). Vitamin E did not affect lipid profile, systolic blood pressure, or the extent of aortic root atherosclerosis. We conclude that vitamin E inhibits AAA formation and improves clinical end points in this experimental model.
	Sphingomyelinase Induces Aggregation and Fusion of Small Very Low–Density Lipoprotein and Intermediate-Density Lipoprotein Particles and Increases Their Retention to Human Arterial Proteoglycans Katariina Öörni, Pirjo Posio, Mika Ala-Korpela, Matti Jauhiainen, and Petri T. Kovanen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1678-1683; published online before print May 5 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168912.42941.60. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Lipolysis of small VLDL and IDL particles by sphingomyelinase induces their aggregation and fusion and enhances binding of the particles to proteoglycans. The results suggest that sphingomyelinase-induced modification of small VLDL and IDL particles can lead to increased retention of the atherogenic triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in the arterial intima.
	Processes Involved in the Site-Specific Effect of Probucol on Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Gene Knockout Mice Katherine Choy, Konstanze Beck, Francoise Y. Png, Ben J. Wu, Steven B. Leichtweis, Shane R. Thomas, Jing Y. Hou, Kevin D. Croft, Trevor A. Mori, and Roland Stocker Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1684-1690; published online before print June 16 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000174125.89058.b6. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We investigated how the antioxidant probucol increases lesion size at the sinus and decreases atherosclerosis at distal sites in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Probucol affected atherosclerosis independent of arterial lipid oxidation. Rather, probucol decreased accumulation of macrophages in lesions, and it promoted a more stable lesion composition at the aortic sinus.
	TRL, IDL, and LDL Apolipoprotein B-100 and HDL Apolipoprotein A-I Kinetics as a Function of Age and Menopausal Status Nirupa R. Matthan, Susan M. Jalbert, Stefania Lamon-Fava, Gregory G. Dolnikowski, Francine K. Welty, Hugh R. Barrett, Ernst J. Schaefer, and Alice H. Lichtenstein Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1691-1696; published online before print June 2 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000172629.12846.b8. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Postmenopausal women have higher VLDL-C and LDL-C levels compared with premenopausal women. To determine mechanism, apolipoprotein kinetic studies were conducted in 24 women. Postmenopausal women had higher TRL and LDL pool sizes, which were accounted for by lower TRL and LDL apoB-100 catabolic rates. No significant difference in plasma HDL-C levels or apoA-I kinetics parameters were observed between groups.
	Overproduction of VLDL₁ Driven by Hyperglycemia Is a Dominant Feature of Diabetic Dyslipidemia Martin Adiels, Jan Borén, Muriel J. Caslake, Philip Stewart, Aino Soro, Jukka Westerbacka, Bernt Wennberg, Sven-Olof Olofsson, Chris Packard, and Marja-Riitta Taskinen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1697-1703; published online before print June 9 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000172689.53992.25. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Analysis of the synthesis and metabolism of VLDL1 and VLDL2 in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls revealed that type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance are associated with excess hepatic production of VLDL1 particles similar in size and composition to those of nondiabetic subjects.
	An Apolipoprotein(a) Peptide Delays Chylomicron Remnant Clearance and Increases Plasma Remnant Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis In Vivo Cecilia M. Devlin, Sung-Joon Lee, George Kuriakose, Craig Spencer, Lev Becker, Itamar Grosskopf, Carol Ko, Li-Shin Huang, Marlys L. Koschinsky, Allen D. Cooper, and Ira Tabas Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1704-1710; published online before print May 19 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000170819.57945.03. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Humans with high expression of apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] and high plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are at increased risk for atherosclerosis, but the mechanism is not known. We propose that high levels of apo(a)/Lp(a), perhaps acting via a specific cell-surface binding domain, inhibit hepatic clearance of remnants, leading to high plasma levels of RLPs and markedly enhanced atherosclerosis. We speculate that the KIV5-8 region of apo(a) competes with one or more receptors for remnant clearance in the liver and that this process may represent one mechanism accounting for increased atherosclerosis in humans with high secretion levels of apo(a).
	Genes of Cholesterol Metabolism in Human Atheroma: Overexpression of Perilipin and Genes Promoting Cholesterol Storage and Repression of ABCA1 Expression Fabien Forcheron, Liliana Legedz, Guiletta Chinetti, Patrick Feugier, Dominique Letexier, Giampierro Bricca, and Michel Beylot Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1711-1717; published online before print June 16 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000174123.19103.52. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We measured in human atheroma and nearby tissue the expression of perilipin and ADRP, which are key factors of cholesterol metabolism. We show the presence and induction of perilipin in atheroma and coordinated modifications of the expression of regulatory factors for cholesterol metabolism that favor its uptake and storage and reduce its efflux.
	Are Remnant-Like Particles Independent Predictors of Coronary Heart Disease Incidence?: The Honolulu Heart Study Claudia Imke, Beatriz L. Rodriguez, John S. Grove, Judith R. McNamara, Carol Waslien, Alan R. Katz, Bradley Willcox, Katsuhiko Yano, and J. David Curb Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1718-1722; published online before print June 9 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000173310.85845.7b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Remnant-like particles (RLPs) have been proposed as a new risk factor for coronary heart disease. The association between RLP levels and coronary heart disease (CHD) was evaluated in a cohort of the Honolulu Heart Program that included 1156 Japanese-American men aged 60 to 82. RLP levels were significantly related to 17-year incidence of CHD independently of nonlipid cardiovascular risk factors and of total cholesterol or HDL and LDL cholesterol. RLP levels did not provide additional information about risk of CHD over and above total triglyceride levels. Therefore, this study does not support the need for testing of remnants if measures of fasting triglycerides are available.
	Coronary Artery Calcium Outperforms Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness as a Noninvasive Index of Prevalent Coronary Artery Stenosis James G. Terry, J. Jeffrey Carr, Rong Tang, Gregory W. Evans, Ethel O. Kouba, Rong Shi, Delilah R. Cook, Jose L.C. Vieira, Mark A. Espeland, Michele F. Mercuri, and John R. Crouse, III Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1723-1728; published online before print June 9 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000173418.42264.19. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We compared coronary artery calcium (CAC) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) as indices of coronary artery disease (CAD). Elevated IMT doubled the odds of CAD, but elevated CAC increased risk of CAD 28-fold. CAC compares well to the "gold standard" carotid IMT as a noninvasive index of prevalent CAD.
	Mineral Volume and Morphology in Carotid Plaque Specimens Using High-Resolution MRI and CT Ronald L. Wolf, Suzanne L. Wehrli, Andra M. Popescu, John H. Woo, Hee Kwon Song, Alexander C. Wright, Emile R. Mohler, III, John D. Harding, Eric L. Zager, Ronald M. Fairman, Michael A. Golden, Omaida C. Velazquez, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, and Felix W. Wehrli Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1729-1735; published online before print June 9 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000173311.39867.65. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF High-resolution MRI was compared with micro-CT for evaluating quantity and pattern of mineral deposition in 20 carotid endarterectomy specimens. Mineral volumes generated from CT and MR data were highly correlated. Patterns of mineralization were more clearly depicted on CT. Extent and morphology of mineralization may help assess plaque stability.
	Thrombosis
	Role of the Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway in Atherogenesis Assessed in Hemophilic Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice J. Khallou-Laschet, G. Caligiuri, E. Tupin, A.-T. Gaston, B. Poirier, E. Groyer, D. Urbain, S. Maisnier-Patin, R. Sarkar, S.V. Kaveri, S. Lacroix-Desmazes, and A. Nicoletti Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:e123-e126; published online before print May 26 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000171995.22284.9a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The contribution of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII)-dependent pathway in atherogenesis was addressed in hemophilic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (E{degrees}/FVIII{degrees}).
	Role of the Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway in Atherogenesis Assessed in Hemophilic Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice J. Khallou-Laschet, G. Caligiuri, E. Tupin, A.-T. Gaston, B. Poirier, E. Groyer, D. Urbain, S. Maisnier-Patin, R. Sarkar, S.V. Kaveri, S. Lacroix-Desmazes, and A. Nicoletti Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1736. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF
	Regulation of Tissue Factor–Mediated Initiation of the Coagulation Cascade by Cell Surface Grp78 Gourab Bhattacharjee, Jasimuddin Ahamed, Brian Pedersen, Amr El-Sheikh, Nigel Mackman, Wolfram Ruf, Cheng Liu, and Thomas S. Edgington Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1737-1743; published online before print June 9 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000173419.31242.56. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The present study examines the interaction between the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (Grp78) and tissue factor (TF). The results demonstrate that Grp78 negatively regulates TF functional activity via direct binding to and functional inhibition of TF on the cell surface.
	Mast Cell–Derived Exosomes Activate Endothelial Cells to Secrete Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 Khalid Al-Nedawi, Janusz Szemraj, and Czeslaw S. Cierniewski Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1744-1749; published online before print May 26 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000172007.86541.76. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We showed that mast cell-derived exosomes induce PAI-1 expression in endothelial cells. Proteomic analysis of exosomes identified components of the prothrombinase complex that after activation are responsible for upregulation of PAI-1.
	Retroviral Infection and Selection of Culture-Derived Platelets Allows Study of the Effect of Transgenes on Platelet Physiology Ex Vivo and on Thrombus Formation In Vivo Angelika Gillitzer, Mario Peluso, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Götz Münch, Steffen Massberg, Ildiko Konrad, Meinrad Gawaz, and Martin Ungerer Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1750-1755; published online before print June 2 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000172659.01157.c6. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement A novel selection method allowed us to produce recombinant transgene-expressing culture-derived platelets in sufficient amounts to study genetically modified platelets in vitro and in vivo. These platelets maintain the physiological characteristics of freshly isolated platelets.
	Association of the –92C/G and 807C/T Polymorphisms of the ${alpha}$ ₂ Subunit Gene With Human Platelets ${alpha}$ ₂ß₁ Receptor Density Nadine Ajzenberg, Clarisse Berroeta, Ivan Philip, Bernard Grandchamp, Pierre Ducellier, Virginie Huart, Patrice Verpillat, Marie-Claude Guillin, and Joelle Benessiano Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1756-1760; published online before print June 9 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000173308.13054.4f. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF An important combined effect of the -92C and 807T polymorphisms of the {alpha}2 gene in increasing the expression of human platelet {alpha}2ß1 receptors has been observed, suggesting that this haplotype could modulate variations in {alpha}2ß1 receptor density.
	Letters to the Editor
	Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Levels as a Possible Marker of Aortic Stiffness Jose E. Tanus-Santos and Raquel F. Gerlach Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:e127, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000172661.60304.57. Full Text \| PDF
	Corrections
	Correction Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:e128. Full Text \| PDF
	Correction Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:e129. Full Text \| PDF
	Correction Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:e130. Full Text \| PDF

Spotlight

TOC Spotlight File

Volume 25, Issue 8; August 1, 2005

Editorials

CRP—Marker or Maker of Cardiovascular Disease?

Getting a GRP on Tissue Factor Activation

Stored Iron and Vascular Reactivity

Lipoprotein Retention—and Clues for Atheroma Regression

Special Article

Complex Trait Locus Linkage Mapping in Atherosclerosis: Time to Take a Step Back Before Moving Forward?

Brief Reviews

Signaling of the Tissue Factor Coagulation Pathway in Angiogenesis and Cancer

Vascular Consequences of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling for the Activity and Expression of the Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase and the cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase

Biomechanical Determinants of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture

Quantification of Calcification in Atherosclerotic Lesions

Vascular Biology

Iron Stores and Vascular Function in Voluntary Blood Donors

Platelet, Not Endothelial, P-Selectin Is Required for Neointimal Formation After Vascular Injury

PECAM-1 Mediates NO-Dependent Dilation of Arterioles to High Temporal Gradients of Shear Stress

GLUT4 Facilitative Glucose Transporter Specifically and Differentially Contributes to Agonist-Induced Vascular Reactivity in Mouse Aorta

Impaired Revascularization in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated With Dysregulation of a Complex Angiogenic-Regulatory Network

Type 2 Diabetic Mice Have Increased Arteriolar Tone and Blood Pressure: Enhanced Release of COX-2–Derived Constrictor Prostaglandins

Mechanisms of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase–Mediated Vascular Dysfunction

Regulation of Xanthine Oxidoreductase Protein Expression by Hydrogen Peroxide and Calcium

Novel Conformation-Specific Antibodies Against Matrix -Carboxyglutamic Acid (Gla) Protein: Undercarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein as Marker for Vascular Calcification

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

Recombinant Leptin Promotes Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

Recombinant Leptin Promotes Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

No Effect of C-Reactive Protein on Early Atherosclerosis Development in Apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden/Human C-Reactive Protein Transgenic Mice

Role of C-Reactive Protein in Atherogenesis: Can the Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mouse Provide the Answer?

Conditional Knockout of Macrophage PPARIncreases Atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 and Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-2 P12A Polymorphism and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in US Men and Women

Reduced Immunoregulatory CD31+ T Cells in the Blood of Atherosclerotic Mice With Plaque Thrombosis

Association Between 5-Lipoxygenase Expression and Plaque Instability in Humans

Vitamin E Inhibits Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Angiotensin II–Infused Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

Sphingomyelinase Induces Aggregation and Fusion of Small Very Low–Density Lipoprotein and Intermediate-Density Lipoprotein Particles and Increases Their Retention to Human Arterial Proteoglycans

Processes Involved in the Site-Specific Effect of Probucol on Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Gene Knockout Mice

TRL, IDL, and LDL Apolipoprotein B-100 and HDL Apolipoprotein A-I Kinetics as a Function of Age and Menopausal Status

Overproduction of VLDL1 Driven by Hyperglycemia Is a Dominant Feature of Diabetic Dyslipidemia

An Apolipoprotein(a) Peptide Delays Chylomicron Remnant Clearance and Increases Plasma Remnant Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis In Vivo

Genes of Cholesterol Metabolism in Human Atheroma: Overexpression of Perilipin and Genes Promoting Cholesterol Storage and Repression of ABCA1 Expression

Are Remnant-Like Particles Independent Predictors of Coronary Heart Disease Incidence?: The Honolulu Heart Study

Coronary Artery Calcium Outperforms Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness as a Noninvasive Index of Prevalent Coronary Artery Stenosis

Mineral Volume and Morphology in Carotid Plaque Specimens Using High-Resolution MRI and CT

Thrombosis

Role of the Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway in Atherogenesis Assessed in Hemophilic Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice

Role of the Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway in Atherogenesis Assessed in Hemophilic Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice

Regulation of Tissue Factor–Mediated Initiation of the Coagulation Cascade by Cell Surface Grp78

Mast Cell–Derived Exosomes Activate Endothelial Cells to Secrete Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1

Retroviral Infection and Selection of Culture-Derived Platelets Allows Study of the Effect of Transgenes on Platelet Physiology Ex Vivo and on Thrombus Formation In Vivo

Association of the –92C/G and 807C/T Polymorphisms of the 2 Subunit Gene With Human Platelets 2ß1 Receptor Density

Letters to the Editor

Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Levels as a Possible Marker of Aortic Stiffness

Corrections

Correction

Correction

Correction

Spotlight

Novel Conformation-Specific Antibodies Against Matrix ${gamma}$ -Carboxyglutamic Acid (Gla) Protein: Undercarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein as Marker for Vascular Calcification

Conditional Knockout of Macrophage PPAR ${gamma}$ Increases Atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 and Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- ${gamma}$ 2 P12A Polymorphism and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in US Men and Women

Reduced Immunoregulatory CD31⁺ T Cells in the Blood of Atherosclerotic Mice With Plaque Thrombosis

Overproduction of VLDL₁ Driven by Hyperglycemia Is a Dominant Feature of Diabetic Dyslipidemia

Association of the –92C/G and 807C/T Polymorphisms of the ${alpha}$ ₂ Subunit Gene With Human Platelets ${alpha}$ ₂ß₁ Receptor Density