Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology -- Table of Contents (25 [7])

Volume 25, Issue 7; July 1, 2005

Editorials
Brief Reviews
Vascular Biology
Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
Thrombosis
Letters to the Editor

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	Editorials
	Cardioprotective Effects of High-Density Lipoproteins: The Evidence Strengthens P.J. Barter Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1305-1306, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000172634.93210.5c. Full Text \| PDF
	Return to Ectopia: Stem Cells in the Artery Wall Linda L. Demer and Yin Tintut Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1307-1308, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000172633.74942.e6. Full Text \| PDF
	Down But Not Out: New Insights Into the Role of ${alpha}$ _Vß₃ Integrins in Vascular Healing G.A. Stouffer, A. Pathak, R. Zhao, and J. Huang Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1309-1310, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000172686.16863.be. Full Text \| PDF
	Brief Reviews
	Regulation of Blood Coagulation by the Protein C Anticoagulant Pathway: Novel Insights Into Structure-Function Relationships and Molecular Recognition Björn Dahlbäck and Bruno O. Villoutreix Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1311-1320; published online before print April 28 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168421.13467.82. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The protein C system provides important control of blood coagulation by regulating the activities of factor VIIIa (FVIIIa) and factor Va (FVa), cofactors in the activation of factor X and prothrombin, respectively. The protein C system is physiologically important, and genetic defects affecting the system are the most common risk factors of venous thrombosis. The molecular recognition of the protein C system is progressively being unraveled, giving us new insights into this fascinating and intricate molecular scenario at the atomic level.
	New Links Between Inflammation and Thrombosis Denisa D. Wagner Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1321-1324; published online before print April 14 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000166521.90532.44. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF This article is a summary of the Sol Sherry Lecture of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, which was presented at the Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association in November 2004. The article focuses mainly on new aspects of P-selectin and CD40L (CD154) biology and on the interplay of platelets and leukocytes in thrombosis and inflammation.
	Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Peptides Mohamad Navab, G.M. Anantharamaiah, Srinivasa T. Reddy, Susan Hama, Greg Hough, Victor R. Grijalva, Nicholas Yu, Benjamin J. Ansell, Geeta Datta, David W. Garber, and Alan M. Fogelman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1325-1331; published online before print April 14 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000165694.39518.95. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The antiinflammatory properties of different class A amphipathic helical peptides such as D-4F depend on subtle differences in the configuration of the hydrophobic face of the peptides that determine the ability of the peptides to sequester inflammatory lipids.
	Oxidative Enzymopathies and Vascular Disease Jane A. Leopold and Joseph Loscalzo Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1332-1340; published online before print March 24 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000163846.51473.09. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Heritable polymorphisms of pro-oxidant enzymes and antioxidant enzyme deficiencies modulate the risk of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Individually, inheritance of one of these polymorphisms or enzyme deficiencies promotes a state of uncompensated oxidant stress on the vasculature. Collectively, these enzymes polymorphisms and deficiencies are recognized as the oxidative enzymopathies.
	Vascular Biology
	Difference in Matrix-Degrading Protease Expression and Activity Between Thrombus-Free and Thrombus-Covered Wall of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Monsur Kazi, Chaoyong Zhu, Joy Roy, Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne, Anders Hamsten, Jesper Swedenborg, Ulf Hedin, and Per Eriksson Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1341-1346; published online before print April 21 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000166601.49954.21. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement It has been suggested that the intraluminal thrombus of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) predisposes for AAA rupture. Differences in gene expression pattern revealed that many MMPs were upregulated in the thrombus-free wall. The source of the proteases responsible for the degradation of the thrombus-covered wall needs to be determined.
	High Prevalence of Circulating CD4⁺CD28^– T-Cells in Patients With Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Christina Duftner, Rüdiger Seiler, Peter Klein-Weigel, Heike Göbel, Christian Goldberger, Christian Ihling, Gustav Fraedrich, and Michael Schirmer Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1347-1352; published online before print April 21 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000167520.41436.c0. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Animal studies and tissue studies suggest a role for interferon (IFN)-{gamma}-producing T cells in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This study shows an increased prevalence of circulating IFN-{gamma}-producing CD28- T cells especially in smaller AAAs, and thus supports the concept of a T cell-mediated pathophysiology of AAAs.
	Elastin-Derived Peptides Induce a T-Helper Type 1 Polarization of Human Blood Lymphocytes Romain Debret, Frank Antonicelli, Aurore Theill, William Hornebeck, Philippe Bernard, Moncef Guenounou, and Richard Le Naour Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1353-1358; published online before print April 28 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168412.50855.9f. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Elastin-derived peptides, as generated during arterial diseases such as AAA, were shown to act as potent T-cell stimuli inducing Th-1 polarization and MMP-9 production.
	Binding and Internalization of C-Reactive Protein by Fcgamma Receptors on Human Aortic Endothelial Cells Mediates Biological Effects Sridevi Devaraj, Terry W. Du Clos, and Ishwarlal Jialal Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1359-1363; published online before print April 28 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168573.10844.ae. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF In addition to being a risk marker, CRP exerts atherothrombotic effects in endothelial cells. In this study, using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, we show that CRP binds to CD32 and CD64 on HAECs, is internalized, and exerts its biological effects. Antibodies to CD32 and CD64 abrogated the biological effects of CRP, whereas antibodies to CD16 had no effect.
	Antiinflammatory Effects of Tetradecylthioacetic Acid Involve Both Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor ${alpha}$ –Dependent and –Independent Pathways Endre Dyrøy, Arne Yndestad, Thor Ueland, Bente Halvorsen, Jan Kristian Damås, Pål Aukrust, and Rolf K. Berge Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1364-1369; published online before print May 26 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000171982.57713.96. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We show that tetradecylthioacetic acid attenuates tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}-mediated endothelial cell activation, supporting antiinflammatory effects of this fatty acid. The relevance of our findings to human diseases was suggested by a tetradecylthioacetic acid-mediated downregulation of inflammatory mediators in psoriasis patients.
	Thymidine Phosphorylase Gene Transfer Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Upregulating Heme Oxygenase-1 and p27^KIP1 Wei Li, Kuniyoshi Tanaka, Koichi Morioka, Takahiko Uesaka, Narihisa Yamada, Atsushi Takamori, Mitsuteru Handa, Sawaka Tanabe, and Akio Ihaya Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1370-1375; published online before print May 5 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168914.85107.64. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Gene transfer of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) into cultured VSMCs significantly decreased their migration and proliferation. Furthermore, adventitial delivery of TP gene to rat balloon-injured carotid artery significantly reduced neointimal VSMC migration and inhibited neointima formation. TP may be useful in treating vascular obstructive disease.
	A Novel ${alpha}$ vß3 Integrin Antagonist Suppresses Neointima Formation for More Than 4 Weeks After Balloon Injury in Rats Yayoi Honda, Tomoko Kitano, Fumiyo Fukuya, Yuji Sato, Seiji Iwama, Toshiya Morie, and Mitsue Notake Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1376-1382; published online before print May 5 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168902.18672.2f. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We clarified the essential roles of{alpha}vß3 integrin and endothelial cell (EC) regeneration in neointima formation using a rat balloon injury model. In this model, we demonstrated that systemic administration of BS-1417, a novel{alpha}vß3 integrin antagonist, potently and stably inhibits neointima formation without affecting EC regeneration.
	Smad7 Gene Transfer Attenuates Adventitial Cell Migration and Vascular Remodeling After Balloon Injury Chandike M. Mallawaarachchi, Peter L. Weissberg, and Richard C.M. Siow Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1383-1387; published online before print April 28 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168415.33812.51. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement This study investigates whether perivascular adenoviral smad7 gene transfer antagonises TGF-ß1 signaling to decrease adventitial cell migration after balloon injury in rat carotid arteries. Smad7 overexpression attenuated the contribution of adventitial cells to neointima formation after vascular injury, concomitant with reduced luminal loss and adventitial collagen content.
	Niche-Dependent Translineage Commitment of Endothelial Progenitor Cells, Not Cell Fusion in General, Into Myocardial Lineage Cells Satoshi Murasawa, Atsuhiko Kawamoto, Miki Horii, Shuko Nakamori, and Takayuki Asahara Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1388-1394; published online before print April 28 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168409.69960.e9. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Ex vivo expanded EPC transplantation has shown therapeutic potential for myocardial ischemia. We observed the expression of human-specific cardiac, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial markers in niche-dependent expression profiles of EPCs via mainly transdifferentiation. EPCs could contribute to not only vasculogenesis but also myogenesis in the ischemic myocardium.
	Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 ${alpha}$ and Specificity Protein 1 Interact to Upregulate Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Ischemic–Reperfused Myocardium and Vascular Endothelium Xiao Ping Yang, Kaikobad Irani, Subhendra Mattagajasingh, Anthony DiPaula, Firdous Khanday, Michitaka Ozaki, Karen Fox-Talbot, William M. Baldwin, III, and Lewis C. Becker Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1395-1400; published online before print April 28 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168428.96177.24. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Stat3{alpha} was found to upregulate the ICAM-1 gene in ischemia-reperfusion by a novel mechanism. After Rac1-dependent phosphorylation of Stat3, Stat3{alpha} bound to Sp1, and the resulting transcriptional complex bound to a GAS sequence in the ICAM-1 proximal promoter. Specific inhibition of Stat3 and/or Sp1 significantly reduced ICAM-1 transcription in hypoxic-reoxygenated endothelial cells.
	At Least 2 Distinct Pathways Generating Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Induction by Advanced Glycation End Products Giuseppina Basta, Guido Lazzerini, Serena Del Turco, Gian Michele Ratto, Ann Marie Schmidt, and Raffaele De Caterina Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1401-1407; published online before print April 21 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000167522.48370.5e. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We investigated the role of distinct sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including the mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and arachidonic acid metabolism, in advanced glycation end product (AGE)-induced VCAM-1 expression. ROS generated both by NAD(P)H oxidase and the mitochondrial electron transport system are involved in AGE signaling.
	Blood Oxygen Level–Dependent MRI of Tissue Oxygenation: Relation to Endothelium-Dependent and Endothelium-Independent Blood Flow Changes Wolfgang Utz, Jens Jordan, Thoralf Niendorf, Mandy Stoffels, Friedrich C. Luft, Rainer Dietz, and Matthias G. Friedrich Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1408-1413; published online before print May 12 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000170131.13683.d7. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We used muscle blood oxygen level-dependent MRI (BOLD MRI) to study tissue Hb oxygenation in relation to postischemic hyperemia and endothelial stimulation. We found uncoupling of tissue Hb oxygenation from blood flow changes and conclude that BOLD MRI may provide additional information in assessing endothelial function.
	Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Jan T. Kielstein, Stefanie M. Bode-Böger, Gerrit Hesse, Jens Martens-Lobenhoffer, Attila Takacs, Danilo Fliser, and Marius M. Hoeper Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1414-1418; published online before print April 28 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168414.06853.f0. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We explored the role of the endogenous NO synthase inhibitor asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Plasma ADMA levels correlated significantly with right atrial pressure, cardiac index, and mixed-venous oxygen saturation. Moreover, ADMA was an independent predictor of survival in patient with IPAH.
	Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
	The Antiviral Cytomegalovirus Inducible Gene 5/Viperin Is Expressed in Atherosclerosis and Regulated by Proinflammatory Agents P.S. Olofsson, K. Jatta, D. Wågsäter, S. Gredmark, U. Hedin, G. Paulsson-Berne, C. Söderberg-Nauclér, G.K. Hansson, and A. Sirsjö Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:e113-e116; published online before print May 12 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000170130.85334.38. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We explored the vascular transcriptional response to inflammation. Gene arrays identified the cytomegalovirus-inducible gene 5 (cig5) among the most induced by LPS. Cig5 expression was high in atherosclerosis. We show that the cig5 protein is expressed in atherosclerotic arteries and strongly induced in vascular cells by pathogens and inflammatory stimuli.
	Calcification of Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Innominate Arteries of ApoE-Deficient Mice: Potential Role of Chondrocyte-Like Cells Marcello Rattazzi, Brian J. Bennett, Florian Bea, Elizabeth A. Kirk, Jerry L. Ricks, Mei Speer, Stephen M. Schwartz, Cecilia M. Giachelli, and Michael E. Rosenfeld Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1420-1425; published online before print April 21 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000166600.58468.1b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Advanced atherosclerotic lesions in the innominate arteries of chow-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice become highly calcified. The cell types associated with calcification were investigated. The cells mediating the calcification have a chondrocyte-like phenotype. The process of calcification within advanced lesions of apoE-/- mice may recapitulate endochondral bone formation.
	D-4F and Statins Synergize to Render HDL Antiinflammatory in Mice and Monkeys and Cause Lesion Regression in Old Apolipoprotein E–Null Mice Mohamad Navab, G.M. Anantharamaiah, Susan Hama, Greg Hough, Srinivasa T. Reddy, Joy S. Frank, David W. Garber, Shaila Handattu, and Alan M. Fogelman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1426-1432; published online before print April 21 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000167412.98221.1a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF D-4F and pravastatin when given in combination at oral doses that were ineffective when given as single agents rendered HDL antiinflammatory in mice and monkeys and prevented atherosclerosis in young and caused regression of established lesions in old apoE null mice.
	Knockdown of Hepatic ABCA1 by RNA Interference Decreases Plasma HDL Cholesterol Levels and Influences Postprandial Lipemia in Mice Sergei Ragozin, Andreas Niemeier, Alexander Laatsch, Britta Loeffler, Martin Merkel, Ulrike Beisiegel, and Joerg Heeren Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1433-1438; published online before print April 21 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000166616.86723.d0. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Here we describe the application of RNA interference in vivo by using an adenoviral vector to elucidate the liver-specific role of ABCA1 with regard to its influence on systemic lipoprotein metabolism. Knockdown of hepatic ABCA1 leads to a reduction of both plasma HDL levels and postprandial lipemia.
	Statins Decrease Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression and Downstream Signaling in Human CD14⁺ Monocytes Heiko Methe, Jong-Oh Kim, Sieglinde Kofler, Michael Nabauer, and Michael Weis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1439-1445; published online before print April 28 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168410.44722.86. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Statin influences on expression and downstream signaling of Toll-like receptor 4 on CD14+ monocytes were assessed. Statins induced a dose-dependent downregulation of TLR4 with subsequent reduction in IRAK activity and cytokine and B7-1 expression. These effects were mediated via inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation and farnesylation. These observations imply a novel mechanism of pleiotropic statin effects.
	Porphyromonas gingivalis Bacteremia Induces Coronary and Aortic Atherosclerosis in Normocholesterolemic and Hypercholesterolemic Pigs Nadine Brodala, Elizabeth P. Merricks, Dwight A. Bellinger, Damrong Damrongsri, Steven Offenbacher, James Beck, Phoebus Madianos, Daniela Sotres, Yu-Ling Chang, Gary Koch, and Timothy C. Nichols Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1446-1451; published online before print April 21 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000167525.69400.9c. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement To determine whether recurrent intravenous injections with Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes coronary artery and aortic atherosclerosis, pigs fed low- or high-fat chow were divided into P gingivalis-challenged or control groups. P gingivalis-challenged pigs developed significantly greater amount of atherosclerosis in the normocholesterolemic group and nearly significant in the hypercholesterolemic group.
	NADPH Oxidase–Dependent Superoxide Production Is Associated With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Subjects Free of Clinical Atherosclerotic Disease Guillermo Zalba, Oscar Beloqui, Gorka San José, María U. Moreno, Ana Fortuño, and Javier Díez Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1452-1457; published online before print April 28 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168411.72483.08. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In a population sample of 184 adults without clinically overt atherosclerotic disease, increased NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide production from phagocytic cells associated with enhanced carotid intima-media thickness, thus suggesting a relationship between phagocytic NADPH oxidase and the development of atherosclerosis.
	Associations of Serum IL-18 Levels With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Hiroshi Yamagami, Kazuo Kitagawa, Taku Hoshi, Shigetaka Furukado, Hidetaka Hougaku, Yoji Nagai, and Masatsugu Hori Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1458-1462; published online before print April 28 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168417.52486.56. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF With the use of B-mode ultrasound, this study examined the relationships of serum IL-18 levels with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). We have found that higher IL-18 levels are associated with greater IMT, suggesting the link between IL-18 and atherosclerosis.
	Sensitivity and Specificity of the Ankle–Brachial Index to Predict Future Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review Anand V. Doobay and Sonia S. Anand Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1463-1469; published online before print May 5 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168911.78624.b7. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The ankle-brachial index (ABI) has been shown to be a marker of cardiovascular risk. This systematic review of the literature shows that the ABI does indeed have a high specificity for predicting cardiovascular events. This simple noninvasive test should be incorporated into cardiovascular risk assessment of certain patient populations.
	Genotype and Plasma Concentration of Cystatin C in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Risk for Secondary Cardiovascular Events Michael Loew, Michael M. Hoffmann, Wolfgang Koenig, Hermann Brenner, and Dietrich Rothenbacher Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1470-1474; published online before print April 28 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168416.74206.62. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The major haplotype -82G/-5G/+4A of the cystatin C gene was found to be associated with plasma concentration of cystatin C but not with prognosis of patients with CHD.
	Genetic Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Familial Hypercholesterolemia Angelique C.M. Jansen, Emily S. van Aalst-Cohen, Michael W.T. Tanck, Suzanne Cheng, Marcel R. Fontecha, Jia Li, Joep C. Defesche, and John J.P. Kastelein Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1475-1481; published online before print May 5 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168909.44877.a7. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We investigated the contribution of 65 polymorphisms in 36 candidate genes to CVD risk in FH patients and found that the G20210A polymorphism in the prothrombin gene was associated with CVD risk. Our results constitute a step forward in the unraveling of the hereditary propensity toward CVD in FH.
	Breastfeeding and Atherosclerosis: Intima-Media Thickness and Plaques at 65-Year Follow-Up of the Boyd Orr Cohort Richard M. Martin, Shah Ebrahim, Maura Griffin, George Davey Smith, Andrew N. Nicolaides, Niki Georgiou, Simone Watson, Stephen Frankel, Jeff M.P. Holly, and David Gunnell Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1482-1488; published online before print May 12 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000170129.20609.49. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We investigated the association between breastfeeding in infancy and later atherosclerosis among 405 participants in a 65-year follow-up study. Breastfeeding was inversely associated with intima-media thickness and carotid and femoral plaque prevalence, even after controlling for socioeconomic and behavioral factors. Breastfeeding may lower atherosclerosis risk in later life.
	Thrombosis
	A Locus on Chromosome 2 Influences Levels of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor: Results From the GAIT study L. Almasy, J.M. Soria, J.C. Souto, D.M. Warren, A. Buil, M. Borrell, X. Muñoz, N. Sala, M. Lathrop, J. Fontcuberta, and J. Blangero Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1489-1492; published online before print April 21 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000166602.04711.2e. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF This is the first genome-wide screen for genes influencing levels of TFPI. Linkage (LOD=3.52, genome-wide P=0.01) was observed on chromosome 2q, near the TFPI structural gene. These results suggest that polymorphisms in and around the TFPI gene are the major genetic determinants of variation in TFPI levels.
	Intracellular and Surface Distribution of Monocyte Tissue Factor: Application to Intersubject Variability Elena M. Egorina, Mikhail A. Sovershaev, Geir Bjørkøy, Franz X.E. Gruber, Jan O. Olsen, Behnaz Parhami-Seren, Kenneth G. Mann, and Bjarne Østerud Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1493-1498; published online before print April 28 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168413.29874.d7. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement In the present ex vivo study, we report several novel observations characterizing the distribution of TF antigen between the interior and the surface of MNCs from HRs and LRs. MNCs from HRs and LRs exhibit distinct patterns of intracellular accumulation, externalization and shedding of TF in LPS-stimulated conditions.
	Synergistic Effect of Thrombin on Collagen-Induced Platelet Procoagulant Activity Is Mediated Through Protease-Activated Receptor-1 Jeffrey F.W. Keuren, Simone J.H. Wielders, Hans Ulrichts, Tilman Hackeng, Johan W.M. Heemskerk, Hans Deckmyn, Edouard M. Bevers, and Theo Lindhout Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1499-1505; published online before print April 21 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000167526.31611.f6. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Our study demonstrates that the interaction of thrombin with PAR-1 mediates a synergistic effect on collagen-induced platelet procoagulant activity by inducing a sustained elevation in [Ca2+]i in a subpopulation of platelets.
	Rac1 Regulation of Surface Expression of Protease-Activated Receptor-1 and Responsiveness to Thrombin in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Tatsuya Yufu, Katsuya Hirano, Dan Bi, Mayumi Hirano, Junji Nishimura, Yukihide Iwamoto, and Hideo Kanaide Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1506-1511; published online before print April 28 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168418.10276.f0. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We provided evidence that Rac1 regulates the surface expression of thrombin receptor PAR1 in vascular smooth muscle. Inhibition of Rac1 by hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, a Rac1/Cdc42 inhibitory fragment, and an RNA interference technique reduced the surface expression of PAR1 and the responsiveness to thrombin.
	Platelet Microparticles: A Transcellular Delivery System for RANTES Promoting Monocyte Recruitment on Endothelium Sebastian F. Mause, Philipp von Hundelshausen, Alma Zernecke, Rory R. Koenen, and Christian Weber Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1512-1518; published online before print May 12 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000170133.43608.37. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Platelet activation mediates multiple cellular responses, including secretion of chemokines such as RANTES, and formation of platelet microparticles (PMPs). We studied the role of PMPs in delivering RANTES and promoting monocyte recruitment. Circulating PMPs may serve as a finely tuned transcellular delivery system for RANTES, triggering monocyte arrest to inflamed and atherosclerotic endothelium, introducing a novel mechanism for platelet-dependent monocyte recruitment in inflammation and atherosclerosis.
	Platelet-Leukocyte Interaction and Platelet Activation in Acute Stroke With and Without Preceding Infection J.A. Zeller, A. Lenz, C.C. Eschenfelder, P. Zunker, and G. Deuschl Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1519-1523; published online before print April 21 2005, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000167524.69092.16. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Platelet leukocyte aggregation and platelet activation were investigated in 58 acute stroke patients. Patients following previous infection showed significantly more platelet leukocyte aggregates and increased activation compared with the remaining patients. This difference disappeared at day seven. Intercellular platelet leukocyte interaction may contribute to the pathophysiology of acute cerebral ischemia.
	Letters to the Editor
	Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Atherosclerosis Giovanni Targher, Angel Brea, and Emilio Ros Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:e117-e118, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000170132.91268.a2. Full Text \| PDF
	Simvastatin Given for 3 Days Can Inhibit Thrombin Generation and Activation of Factor V and Enhance Factor Va Inactivation in Hypercholesterolemic Patients Anetta Undas, Magdalena Celinska-Löwenhoff, Kathleen E. Brummel-Ziedins, Jan Brozek, Andrew Szczeklik, and Kenneth G. Mann Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1524-1525, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000168913.25278.38. Full Text \| PDF

Spotlight

TOC Spotlight File

Volume 25, Issue 7; July 1, 2005

Editorials

Cardioprotective Effects of High-Density Lipoproteins: The Evidence Strengthens

Return to Ectopia: Stem Cells in the Artery Wall

Down But Not Out: New Insights Into the Role of Vß3 Integrins in Vascular Healing

Brief Reviews

Regulation of Blood Coagulation by the Protein C Anticoagulant Pathway: Novel Insights Into Structure-Function Relationships and Molecular Recognition

New Links Between Inflammation and Thrombosis

Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Peptides

Oxidative Enzymopathies and Vascular Disease

Vascular Biology

Difference in Matrix-Degrading Protease Expression and Activity Between Thrombus-Free and Thrombus-Covered Wall of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

High Prevalence of Circulating CD4+CD28– T-Cells in Patients With Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Elastin-Derived Peptides Induce a T-Helper Type 1 Polarization of Human Blood Lymphocytes

Binding and Internalization of C-Reactive Protein by Fcgamma Receptors on Human Aortic Endothelial Cells Mediates Biological Effects

Antiinflammatory Effects of Tetradecylthioacetic Acid Involve Both Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor –Dependent and –Independent Pathways

Thymidine Phosphorylase Gene Transfer Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Upregulating Heme Oxygenase-1 and p27KIP1

A Novel vß3 Integrin Antagonist Suppresses Neointima Formation for More Than 4 Weeks After Balloon Injury in Rats

Smad7 Gene Transfer Attenuates Adventitial Cell Migration and Vascular Remodeling After Balloon Injury

Niche-Dependent Translineage Commitment of Endothelial Progenitor Cells, Not Cell Fusion in General, Into Myocardial Lineage Cells

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 and Specificity Protein 1 Interact to Upregulate Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Ischemic–Reperfused Myocardium and Vascular Endothelium

At Least 2 Distinct Pathways Generating Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Induction by Advanced Glycation End Products

Blood Oxygen Level–Dependent MRI of Tissue Oxygenation: Relation to Endothelium-Dependent and Endothelium-Independent Blood Flow Changes

Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

The Antiviral Cytomegalovirus Inducible Gene 5/Viperin Is Expressed in Atherosclerosis and Regulated by Proinflammatory Agents

Calcification of Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Innominate Arteries of ApoE-Deficient Mice: Potential Role of Chondrocyte-Like Cells

D-4F and Statins Synergize to Render HDL Antiinflammatory in Mice and Monkeys and Cause Lesion Regression in Old Apolipoprotein E–Null Mice

Knockdown of Hepatic ABCA1 by RNA Interference Decreases Plasma HDL Cholesterol Levels and Influences Postprandial Lipemia in Mice

Statins Decrease Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression and Downstream Signaling in Human CD14+ Monocytes

Porphyromonas gingivalis Bacteremia Induces Coronary and Aortic Atherosclerosis in Normocholesterolemic and Hypercholesterolemic Pigs

NADPH Oxidase–Dependent Superoxide Production Is Associated With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Subjects Free of Clinical Atherosclerotic Disease

Associations of Serum IL-18 Levels With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness

Sensitivity and Specificity of the Ankle–Brachial Index to Predict Future Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Genotype and Plasma Concentration of Cystatin C in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Risk for Secondary Cardiovascular Events

Genetic Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Breastfeeding and Atherosclerosis: Intima-Media Thickness and Plaques at 65-Year Follow-Up of the Boyd Orr Cohort

Thrombosis

A Locus on Chromosome 2 Influences Levels of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor: Results From the GAIT study

Intracellular and Surface Distribution of Monocyte Tissue Factor: Application to Intersubject Variability

Synergistic Effect of Thrombin on Collagen-Induced Platelet Procoagulant Activity Is Mediated Through Protease-Activated Receptor-1

Rac1 Regulation of Surface Expression of Protease-Activated Receptor-1 and Responsiveness to Thrombin in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Platelet Microparticles: A Transcellular Delivery System for RANTES Promoting Monocyte Recruitment on Endothelium

Platelet-Leukocyte Interaction and Platelet Activation in Acute Stroke With and Without Preceding Infection

Letters to the Editor

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Atherosclerosis

Simvastatin Given for 3 Days Can Inhibit Thrombin Generation and Activation of Factor V and Enhance Factor Va Inactivation in Hypercholesterolemic Patients

Spotlight

Down But Not Out: New Insights Into the Role of ${alpha}$ _Vß₃ Integrins in Vascular Healing

High Prevalence of Circulating CD4⁺CD28^– T-Cells in Patients With Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Antiinflammatory Effects of Tetradecylthioacetic Acid Involve Both Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor ${alpha}$ –Dependent and –Independent Pathways

Thymidine Phosphorylase Gene Transfer Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Upregulating Heme Oxygenase-1 and p27^KIP1

A Novel ${alpha}$ vß3 Integrin Antagonist Suppresses Neointima Formation for More Than 4 Weeks After Balloon Injury in Rats

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 ${alpha}$ and Specificity Protein 1 Interact to Upregulate Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Ischemic–Reperfused Myocardium and Vascular Endothelium

Statins Decrease Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression and Downstream Signaling in Human CD14⁺ Monocytes