Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology -- Table of Contents (24 [12])

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Volume 24, Issue 12; December 1, 2004

Editorials
Brief Reviews
Vascular Biology
Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
Thrombosis
Letters to the Editor
Corrections
Author Index
Subject Index

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	Editorials
	Glimpse of the Secret Life of the Plaque Göran K. Hansson Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2203-2204, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000149672.83911.5b. Full Text \| PDF
	Proteolysis of Pericellular Matrix: A Process Linking Inflammation to Plaque Destabilization and Rupture Ken A. Lindstedt and Petri T. Kovanen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2205-2206, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000149753.74793.88. Full Text \| PDF
	Propagation of Arterial Thrombi: Local and Remote Contributory Factors Shinya Goto Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2207-2208, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000149144.86175.03. Full Text \| PDF
	24(S),25-Epoxycholesterol—A Potential Friend Ingemar Bjorkhem and Ulf Diczfalusy Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2209-2210, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000148704.72481.28. Full Text \| PDF
	Brief Reviews
	Molecular Interactions Leading to Lipoprotein Retention and the Initiation of Atherosclerosis Maged F. Khalil, William D. Wagner, and Ira J. Goldberg Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2211-2218; published online before print October 7 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147163.54024.70. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Atherosclerosis is initiated by the accumulation of lipoprotein lipid within the artery wall. This process is thought to involve an ionic interaction between apoB and proteoglycans. Lipoprotein aggregation and association with other matrix proteins are likely additional routes to lipoprotein retention.
	Lipoprotein(a): An Elusive Cardiovascular Risk Factor Lars Berglund and Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2219-2226; published online before print September 2 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000144010.55563.63. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Lp(a) is present in humans and primates. Apo(a) affects Lp(a) properties, variation in apo(a) size, and an upstream pentanucleotide repeat number influences Lp(a) levels. Lp(a) is a risk factor for coronary artery disease, and smaller size apo(a) is associated with coronary artery disease. The physiological role of Lp(a) is unknown.
	Potential Role of Endotoxin as a Proinflammatory Mediator of Atherosclerosis Lynn L. Stoll, Gerene M. Denning, and Neal L. Weintraub Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2227-2236; published online before print October 7 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147534.69062.dc. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Bacterial endotoxin is a potential source of vascular inflammation and may be an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. Here, we discuss the endotoxin signaling pathway, vascular proinflammatory effects of endotoxin and their relevance to atherogenesis, interactions between endotoxin and serum lipoproteins, and possible immunomodulatory effects of statins.
	Vascular Biology
	Molecular Evaluation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients With Ischemic Limbs: Therapeutic Effect by Stem Cell Transplantation Koji Yamamoto, Takahisa Kondo, Satoshi Suzuki, Hideo Izawa, Masayoshi Kobayashi, Nobuhiko Emi, Kimihiro Komori, Tomoki Naoe, Junki Takamatsu, and Toyoaki Murohara Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:e192-e196; published online before print October 14 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147730.78953.60. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF The gene expression of EPC-specific molecules in bone marrow-derived and peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells, analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, was lower in patients with ischemic limbs than in healthy subjects. Therapeutic angiogenesis by autologous stem cell transplantation was effective for the patients and increased circulating EPCs.
	Induction of Angiogenesis by Heat Shock Protein 90 Mediated by Protein Kinase Akt and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Jianxin Sun and James K. Liao Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2238-2244; published online before print October 14 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147894.22300.4c. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We showed that inhibition of Hsp90 leads not only to decreased Akt and eNOS phosphorylation but also to decreased eNOS gene transcription. This correlated with decrease VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. These findings indicate that inhibition of Hsp90 may be an important target for antitumor and anti-angiogenesis therapy.
	Granzyme B Induces Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis in the Absence of Perforin: Involvement of Extracellular Matrix Degradation Jonathan C. Choy, Vivian H.Y. Hung, Arwen L. Hunter, Paul K. Cheung, Bruce Motyka, Ing Swie Goping, Tracy Sawchuk, R. Chris Bleackley, Thomas J. Podor, Bruce M. McManus, and David J. Granville Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2245-2250; published online before print October 7 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147162.51930.b7. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We studied the mechanisms of granzyme B-induced smooth muscle cell (SMC) death. In the absence of perforin, granzyme B induced SMC apoptosis. Internalization of granzyme B was not required for SMC death, and this protease induced the cleavage of several extracellular proteins, including fibronectin.
	Promotion of Leukocyte Adhesion by a Novel Interaction Between Vitronectin and the ß₂ Integrin Mac-1 ( ${alpha}$ _Mß₂, CD11b/CD18) Sandip M. Kanse, Rachel L. Matz, Klaus T. Preissner, and Karlheinz Peter Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2251-2256; published online before print September 30 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000146529.68729.8b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Vitronectin promotes cell adhesion by binding to ß1, ß3, and ß5 integrins and the urokinase receptor. We now demonstrate that vitronectin also binds directly to the leukocyte ß2 integrin, Mac-1 ({alpha}Mß2, CD11b/CD18), and this interaction mediates leukocyte adhesion and migration.
	Intracellular Labile Iron Modulates Adhesion of Human Monocytes to Human Endothelial Cells Apriliana E.R. Kartikasari, Niki A. Georgiou, Frank L.J. Visseren, Henny van Kats-Renaud, B. Sweder van Asbeck, and Joannes J.M. Marx Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2257-2262; published online before print October 14 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147406.00871.b3. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement An increase in the level of intracellular labile iron induced monocyte adhesion to endothelium, an initial event in atherosclerotic plaque formation. A concordant increase in the cell adhesion molecule expression was observed. Furthermore, only inclusion of membrane-permeable iron chelators and radical scavengers resulted in a complete inhibition of these effects of iron.
	Interaction of Monocytes With Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Regulates Monocyte Survival and Differentiation Through Distinct Pathways Qiangjun Cai, Linda Lanting, and Rama Natarajan Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2263-2270; published online before print September 30 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000146552.16943.5e. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We investigated the impact of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)/monocyte interactions on monocyte functions. We observed that VSMC/monocyte interactions led to antiapoptotic effects and increased scavenger receptor CD36 expression in monocytes through distinct signaling pathways. These data provide evidence for a novel VSMC-dependent local regulation of monocyte survival, retention, and differentiation in atherosclerosis.
	Angiotensin II–Induced Protein Kinase D Activation Is Regulated by Protein Kinase C ${delta}$ and Mediated via the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Mingqi Tan, Xuemin Xu, Motoi Ohba, and Mei-Zhen Cui Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2271-2276; published online before print October 21 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000148449.92035.3a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The results of our study reveal for the first time that Ang II-induced PKD activation is mediated via AT1 and regulated by PKC{delta} in living cells. These data may provide new insights into molecular mechanisms involved in Ang II-induced physiological and pathological events.
	Vein Graft Neointimal Hyperplasia Is Exacerbated by Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-1 Signaling in Graft-Intrinsic Cells Lisheng Zhang, Karsten Peppel, Leigh Brian, Lynn Chien, and Neil J. Freedman Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2277-2283; published online before print October 14 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147766.68987.0d. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement In surgical mouse chimeras, TNF receptor-1 (p55)-deficient vein grafts (compared with WT grafts) demonstrated less ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MCP-1 expression, accelerated endothelialization, and reduced neointimal hyperplasia. However, vein graft medial thickness was unaffected. SMC chemokine expression and DNA synthesis in response to TNF, but not PDGF, was abrogated by p55 deficiency.
	Essential Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Flt-1 Signals in Neointimal Formation After Periadventitial Injury Qingwei Zhao, Kensuke Egashira, Ken-ichi Hiasa, Minako Ishibashi, Shujiro Inoue, Kisho Ohtani, Chunyan Tan, Masabumi Shibuya, Akira Takeshita, and Kenji Sunagawa Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2284-2289; published online before print October 7 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147161.42956.80. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We examined the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pathogenesis of neointimal formation after cuff-induced periadventitial injury in mice. Blockade of VEGF by transfecting mice with the sFlt-1 gene inhibited neointimal formation associated with reduced expression of various inflammation-promoting factors. Therefore, VEGF might promote neointimal formation by acting as a proinflammatory cytokine after cuff-induced periadventitial injury.
	Inhibitory Effect of High Concentration of Glucose on Relaxations to Activation of ATP-Sensitive K⁺ Channels in Human Omental Artery Hiroyuki Kinoshita, Toshiharu Azma, Katsutoshi Nakahata, Hiroshi Iranami, Yoshiki Kimoto, Mayuko Dojo, Osafumi Yuge, and Yoshio Hatano Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2290-2295; published online before print October 14 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000148006.78179.c7. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Our results regarding the acute effects of high glucose on the human omental artery indicate that in the human visceral artery, acute hyperglycemia modulates vasodilation mediated by ATP-sensitive K+ channels via the production of superoxide, possibly mediated by the activation of protein kinase C.
	7-Ketocholesterol Induces Protein Ubiquitination, Myelin Figure Formation, and Light Chain 3 Processing in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Wim Martinet, Martine De Bie, Dorien M. Schrijvers, Guido R.Y. De Meyer, Arnold G. Herman, and Mark M. Kockx Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2296-2301; published online before print September 30 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000146266.65820.a1. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement 7-Ketocholesterol induces a complex mode of cell death in human aortic smooth muscle cells associated with accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm, myelin figure formation, and LC3 processing, evocating autophagic processes.
	2-Chlorohexadecanal Derived From Hypochlorite-Modified High-Density Lipoprotein–Associated Plasmalogen Is a Natural Inhibitor of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis Gunther Marsche, Regine Heller, Günter Fauler, Alenka Kovacevic, Alexander Nuszkowski, Wolfgang Graier, Wolfgang Sattler, and Ernst Malle Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2302-2306; published online before print October 28 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000148703.43429.25. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Modification of HDL by HOCl (generated in vivo by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2 system) promotes dislocalization of eNOS from the plasma membrane and perinuclear location of endothelial cells, and attenuates eNOS expression and NO biosynthesis. The component mediating this proatherogenic effect was identified as 2-chlorohexadecanal formed during HOCl-mediated attack of lipoprotein-associated plasmalogen.
	Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins
	Reduced In Vivo Aortic Uptake of Radiolabeled Oxidation-Specific Antibodies Reflects Changes in Plaque Composition Consistent With Plaque Stabilization Michael Torzewski, Peter X. Shaw, Kyoo-Rok Han, Brian Shortal, Karl J. Lackner, Joseph L. Witztum, Wulf Palinski, and Sotirios Tsimikas Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2307-2312; published online before print November 4 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000149378.98458.fe. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement In vivo plaque uptake of radiolabeled oxidation-specific antibodies (Ox-AB) was found to be significantly diminished in regressing lesions with reductions in OxLDL and macrophages and increases in smooth muscle cells and collagen. Thus, labeled Ox-AB may be useful to detect lipid-rich, oxidation-rich plaques and assess stabilization of pre-existing lesions.
	Overexpression of IL-18 Decreases Intimal Collagen Content and Promotes a Vulnerable Plaque Phenotype in Apolipoprotein-E–Deficient Mice R. de Nooijer, J.H. von der Thüsen, C.J.N. Verkleij, J. Kuiper, J.W. Jukema, E.E. van der Wall, Th.J.C. van Berkel, and E.A.L. Biessen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2313-2319; published online before print October 7 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147126.99529.0a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The effect of IL-18 overexpression on the stability of preexisting advanced atherosclerotic lesions was studied in apoE-deficient mice. A marked decrease in intimal collagen content and an increase in the incidence of vulnerable plaque morphology were observed. It is suggested that IL-18 increases extracellular matrix degradation.
	Increased Expression of the DNA-Binding Cytokine HMGB1 in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions: Role of Activated Macrophages and Cytokines N. Kalinina, A. Agrotis, Y. Antropova, G. DiVitto, P. Kanellakis, G. Kostolias, O. Ilyinskaya, E. Tararak, and A. Bobik Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2320-2325; published online before print September 16 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000145573.36113.8a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The expression and regulation of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) proinflammatory cytokine in human atherosclerosis were examined. HMGB1 is mostly expressed by macrophages and its expression increases during atherogenesis. Inflammatory cytokines upregulate HMGB1 expression and secretion. HMGB1 is a common mediator of inflammation and may contribute to atherosclerotic lesion progression.
	No Association Between Plasma Levels of Plant Sterols and Atherosclerosis in Mice and Men Kenneth R. Wilund, Liqing Yu, Fang Xu, Gloria L. Vega, Scott M. Grundy, Jonathan C. Cohen, and Helen H. Hobbs Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2326-2332; published online before print October 28 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000149140.00499.92. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The effect of sitosterolemia on aortic lesion development in genetically modified mice was examined. Elevated plasma levels of plant sterols were not associated with aortic atherosclerosis, nor was a significant association found between plasma plant sterol levels and the presence of coronary artery calcium in 2542 middle-aged men and women.
	Stem Cell Transplantation Reveals That Absence of Macrophage CD36 Is Protective Against Atherosclerosis Maria Febbraio, Ella Guy, and Roy L. Silverstein Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2333-2338; published online before print October 14 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000148007.06370.68. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement To determine whether absence of macrophage CD36 alone was protective against atherosclerosis, mice were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with CD36 wild-type or null stem cells in the context of Apo E-null mice lacking CD36 in macrophages alone were profoundly protected against atherosclerosis (88.1% reduction of lesion area).
	Differential Expression Patterns of Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Mediators During Atherogenesis in Mice Niels R. Veillard, Sabine Steffens, Fabienne Burger, Graziano Pelli, and François Mach Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2339-2344; published online before print September 30 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000146532.98235.e6. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Despite further increase of atherosclerotic lesion size in ApoE-/- mice after 10 weeks of diet, expression of important pro- and antiinflammatory mediators did not further increase or even decreased. These results could be correlated with the amount of inflammatory cells present within atherosclerotic lesions.
	Probucol Inhibits ABCA1-Mediated Cellular Lipid Efflux Elda Favari, Ilaria Zanotti, Francesca Zimetti, Nicoletta Ronda, Franco Bernini, and George H. Rothblat Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2345-2350; published online before print October 28 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000148706.15947.8a. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement This study characterized probucol effect on ABCA1-mediated lipid efflux. Probucol inhibits ABCA1-mediated efflux but not SR-BI-mediated efflux by affecting the ABCA1 translocation to the plasma membrane, the membrane cholesterol pool, and the 125I-apo-AI binding.
	Quantitative and Qualitative Differences in Proatherogenic NKT Cells in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice Amy S. Major, Michael T. Wilson, Jennifer L. McCaleb, Yan Ru Su, Aleksandar K. Stanic, Sebastian Joyce, Luc Van Kaer, Sergio Fazio, and MacRae F. Linton Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2351-2357; published online before print October 7 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147112.84168.87. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement Natural killer T (NKT) cells have characteristics of both T and NK cells and recognize glycolipid antigens. We show that NKT cell-deficiency in male apoE0 mice results in decreased atherosclerosis whereas activation of NKT cells resulted in a 2-fold increase in atherosclerosis. NKT cell numbers and functions are affected by the hyperlipidemia state.
	Transcription Factor Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 Regulates Scavenger Receptor Cla-1 Gene Expression Morgan Tréguier, Chantal Doucet, Martine Moreau, Christiane Dachet, Joëlle Thillet, M. John Chapman, and Thierry Huby Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2358-2364; published online before print October 14 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147896.69299.85. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The putative regulation of the expression of the human scavenger receptor Cla-1 gene by intracellular cholesterol content and SREBP transcription factors was evaluated. Transient transfection, site-directed mutation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay allowed identification of a functional SRE in the Cla-1 promoter. SREBP-stably transfected cells provided strong evidence of the implication of SREBP-2 in Cla-1 gene expression.
	Statins Inhibit Synthesis of an Oxysterol Ligand for the Liver X Receptor in Human Macrophages With Consequences for Cholesterol Flux Jenny Wong, Carmel M. Quinn, and Andrew J. Brown Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2365-2371; published online before print October 28 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000148707.93054.7d. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We show that statins downregulate key genes involved in cholesterol efflux from nonloaded human macrophages. Furthermore, statin treatment drastically reduced cholesterol efflux from these cells. Moreover, we identify a likely mechanism as inhibition of the synthesis of 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol, an oxysterol ligand for the liver X receptor.
	Ultrasensitive Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy of C-Reactive Protein Interacting With Fc ${gamma}$ RIIa Dimitar E. Manolov, Carlheinz Röcker, Vinzenz Hombach, G. Ulrich Nienhaus, and Jan Torzewski Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2372-2377; published online before print October 14 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147407.17137.02. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF We have studied CRP binding to Fc{gamma}RIIa using the novel method of ultrasensitive confocal fluorescence microscopy. We unambiguously show that CRP interacts with Fc{gamma}RIIa and characterize this interaction quantitatively. We also provide explanations as to why controversial results were obtained previously.
	Induction of the Paraoxonase-1 Gene Expression by Resveratrol Cédric Gouédard, Robert Barouki, and Yannick Morel Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2378-2383; published online before print September 30 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000146530.24736.ce. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement The human paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is a high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme displaying protective properties toward cardiovascular disease. We show that resveratrol, a wine component, increases the PON-1 gene expression in human hepatocytes and in the HuH7 hepatoma cell line by an unusual AhR-mediated transcriptional mechanism.
	Quantification and 3D Reconstruction of Atherosclerotic Plaque Components in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice Using Ex Vivo High-Resolution MRI Martina A. McAteer, Jürgen E. Schneider, Kieran Clarke, Stefan Neubauer, Keith M. Channon, and Robin P. Choudhury Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2384-2390; published online before print September 30 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000146811.19029.fb. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We tested the ability of high-resolution MRI to quantify mouse atherosclerotic plaque components ex vivo. MRI accurately quantified lipid-rich/necrotic core and cell-rich cap components, as confirmed by histopathology. Three-dimensional reconstruction of brachiocephalic arteries enabled more sensitive volumetric quantification of differences in plaque and lipid-rich/necrotic cores than 2D analysis.
	Decorin Promotes Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification and Colocalizes to Calcified Regions in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions Jens W. Fischer, Susie A. Steitz, Pamela Y. Johnson, Allen Burke, Frank Kolodgie, Renu Virmani, Cecilia Giachelli, and Thomas N. Wight Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2391-2396; published online before print October 7 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147029.63303.28. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Calcification of atherosclerotic plaques is positively correlated with plaque burden and cardiovascular mortality. The present study demonstrates that decorin expression enhances calcification of arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro and that decorin colocalizes with calcium deposits in human atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting that decorin is a promoter of vascular calcification.
	Insulin Resistance Is Independently Associated With Postprandial Alterations of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Giovanni Annuzzi, Claudia De Natale, Ciro Iovine, Lidia Patti, Lucrezia Di Marino, Silvana Coppola, Stefano Del Prato, Gabriele Riccardi, and Angela A. Rivellese Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2397-2402; published online before print September 30 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000146267.71816.30. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement In an experimental setting, taking care of the effects of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia (hyperinsulinemic glycemic clamp,) insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic patients showed higher postprandial levels of lipids and apoB in large VLDL compared with controls, indicating that insulin resistance is a proper target to correct postprandial dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes.
	Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated With Variation at the PPARG Locus: A Go-DARTS Study Alex S.F. Doney, Bettina Fischer, Graham Leese, Andrew D. Morris, and Colin N.A. Palmer Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2403-2407; published online before print October 14 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147897.57527.e4. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Variants of PPARG may influence cardiovascular risk. The association of the linked Pro12Ala and C1431T variants with myocardial infarction was investigated in a large cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes. Ala12 was associated with a significantly decreased risk and T1431 a significantly increased risk.
	Intimal Thickness Is not Associated With Wall Shear Stress Patterns in the Human Right Coronary Artery Anil K. Joshi, Richard L. Leask, Jerry G. Myers, Matadial Ojha, Jagdish Butany, and C. Ross Ethier Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2408-2413; published online before print October 7 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147118.97474.4b. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF To determine whether low wall shear stress causes intimal thickening in the human right coronary artery, we compared postmortem histological data with computed wall shear stresses in 4 patients. We found no consistent correlation between intimal thickness and wall shear stress.
	Low-Grade Inflammation and Microalbuminuria in Hypertension Roberto Pedrinelli, Giulia Dell’Omo, Vitantonio Di Bello, Giovanni Pellegrini, Laura Pucci, Stefano Del Prato, and Giuseppe Penno Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2414-2419; published online before print October 14 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147415.40692.7f. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF Microalbuminuria accompanied by high hs-CRP was characterized by higher 24-hour SBP, postload glucose, BMI, lower HDL cholesterol, more frequent metabolic syndrome, concentric LVH, and active smoking indicating that this phenotypic pattern is a strong correlate of metabolic abnormalities in essential hypertension and identifies a patient subset at very high cardiovascular risk.
	Thrombosis
	Increased Vascular Wall Thrombogenicity Combined With Reduced Blood Flow Promotes Occlusive Thrombus Formation in Rabbit Femoral Artery Atsushi Yamashita, Eiji Furukoji, Kousuke Marutsuka, Kinta Hatakeyama, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Shozo Tamura, Yasuo Ikeda, Akinobu Sumiyoshi, and Yujiro Asada Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2420-2424; published online before print October 14 2004, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000147767.61336.de. Abstract \| Full Text \| PDF \| Data Supplement We demonstrated in an animal model that increased vascular wall thrombogenicity combined with a blood flow reduction (>75%) promoted occlusive thrombus formation that was prevented by inhibiting plasma vWF. Reduced blood flow at plaque disruption sites might contribute to thrombus propagation and lead to acute coronary syndromes.
	Letters to the Editor
	Lower Doses of Estrogen Replacement Therapy and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Akihiko Wakatsuki, Kwang Kon Koh, Eak Kyun Shin, and Ichiro Sakuma Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:e197, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000148203.03346.b5. Full Text \| PDF
	Corrections
	Correction Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2425, doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000150446.71767.67. Full Text \| PDF
	Author Index
	Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2426-2433. PDF
	Subject Index
	Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2434-2467. PDF

Spotlight

TOC Spotlight File

Volume 24, Issue 12; December 1, 2004

Editorials

Glimpse of the Secret Life of the Plaque

Proteolysis of Pericellular Matrix: A Process Linking Inflammation to Plaque Destabilization and Rupture

Propagation of Arterial Thrombi: Local and Remote Contributory Factors

24(S),25-Epoxycholesterol—A Potential Friend

Brief Reviews

Molecular Interactions Leading to Lipoprotein Retention and the Initiation of Atherosclerosis

Lipoprotein(a): An Elusive Cardiovascular Risk Factor

Potential Role of Endotoxin as a Proinflammatory Mediator of Atherosclerosis

Vascular Biology

Molecular Evaluation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients With Ischemic Limbs: Therapeutic Effect by Stem Cell Transplantation

Induction of Angiogenesis by Heat Shock Protein 90 Mediated by Protein Kinase Akt and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase

Granzyme B Induces Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis in the Absence of Perforin: Involvement of Extracellular Matrix Degradation

Promotion of Leukocyte Adhesion by a Novel Interaction Between Vitronectin and the ß2 Integrin Mac-1 (Mß2, CD11b/CD18)

Intracellular Labile Iron Modulates Adhesion of Human Monocytes to Human Endothelial Cells

Interaction of Monocytes With Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Regulates Monocyte Survival and Differentiation Through Distinct Pathways

Angiotensin II–Induced Protein Kinase D Activation Is Regulated by Protein Kinase C and Mediated via the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Vein Graft Neointimal Hyperplasia Is Exacerbated by Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-1 Signaling in Graft-Intrinsic Cells

Essential Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Flt-1 Signals in Neointimal Formation After Periadventitial Injury

Inhibitory Effect of High Concentration of Glucose on Relaxations to Activation of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in Human Omental Artery

7-Ketocholesterol Induces Protein Ubiquitination, Myelin Figure Formation, and Light Chain 3 Processing in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

2-Chlorohexadecanal Derived From Hypochlorite-Modified High-Density Lipoprotein–Associated Plasmalogen Is a Natural Inhibitor of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

Reduced In Vivo Aortic Uptake of Radiolabeled Oxidation-Specific Antibodies Reflects Changes in Plaque Composition Consistent With Plaque Stabilization

Overexpression of IL-18 Decreases Intimal Collagen Content and Promotes a Vulnerable Plaque Phenotype in Apolipoprotein-E–Deficient Mice

Increased Expression of the DNA-Binding Cytokine HMGB1 in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions: Role of Activated Macrophages and Cytokines

No Association Between Plasma Levels of Plant Sterols and Atherosclerosis in Mice and Men

Stem Cell Transplantation Reveals That Absence of Macrophage CD36 Is Protective Against Atherosclerosis

Differential Expression Patterns of Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Mediators During Atherogenesis in Mice

Probucol Inhibits ABCA1-Mediated Cellular Lipid Efflux

Quantitative and Qualitative Differences in Proatherogenic NKT Cells in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

Transcription Factor Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 Regulates Scavenger Receptor Cla-1 Gene Expression

Statins Inhibit Synthesis of an Oxysterol Ligand for the Liver X Receptor in Human Macrophages With Consequences for Cholesterol Flux

Ultrasensitive Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy of C-Reactive Protein Interacting With FcRIIa

Induction of the Paraoxonase-1 Gene Expression by Resveratrol

Quantification and 3D Reconstruction of Atherosclerotic Plaque Components in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice Using Ex Vivo High-Resolution MRI

Decorin Promotes Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification and Colocalizes to Calcified Regions in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions

Insulin Resistance Is Independently Associated With Postprandial Alterations of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated With Variation at the PPARG Locus: A Go-DARTS Study

Intimal Thickness Is not Associated With Wall Shear Stress Patterns in the Human Right Coronary Artery

Low-Grade Inflammation and Microalbuminuria in Hypertension

Thrombosis

Increased Vascular Wall Thrombogenicity Combined With Reduced Blood Flow Promotes Occlusive Thrombus Formation in Rabbit Femoral Artery

Letters to the Editor

Lower Doses of Estrogen Replacement Therapy and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Corrections

Correction

Author Index

Subject Index

Spotlight

Promotion of Leukocyte Adhesion by a Novel Interaction Between Vitronectin and the ß₂ Integrin Mac-1 ( ${alpha}$ _Mß₂, CD11b/CD18)

Angiotensin II–Induced Protein Kinase D Activation Is Regulated by Protein Kinase C ${delta}$ and Mediated via the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Inhibitory Effect of High Concentration of Glucose on Relaxations to Activation of ATP-Sensitive K⁺ Channels in Human Omental Artery

Ultrasensitive Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy of C-Reactive Protein Interacting With Fc ${gamma}$ RIIa