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- Abstract
- Adipose Tissue Perfusion in Healthy Individuals
- The Physiology of Insulin on Adipose Tissue Perfusion
- ATBF in Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Role of Impaired ATBF in the Development of Whole-Body Insulin Resistance
- Adipose Tissue Perfusion During the Development of Obesity: A Novel Hypothesis
- Future Perspectives
- Conclusion
- Sources of Funding
- Disclosures
- References
- Figures & Tables
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Figures
- Figure.
Hypothesis of the influence of overfeeding on insulin-mediated skeletal muscle and adipose tissue perfusion. Left upper corner, skeletal muscle perfusion in lean individuals. Right upper corner, adipose tissue perfusion in lean individuals. Left lower corner, skeletal muscle perfusion in overfed individuals. Right lower corner, adipose tissue perfusion in overfed individuals. ANG II indicates angiotensin 2; EC, endothelial cell; ET-1, endothelin-1; ERK-1/2, extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2; FFA, free fatty acids; IRS-1/2, insulin receptor substrate 1/2; HT, hypothalamus; NA, noradrenalin; NO, nitric oxide; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; SMC, smooth muscle cell; and TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.
Tables
Method Outcome Absolute Values Costs Advantages Disadvantages 133Xe washout Volume flow Yes Low Gold standard Radioactive isotopes (low dose) Easy 133Xe washout with adipose tissue microinfusion Volume flow Yes Low ATBF response to locally injected pharmacological agents Radioactive isotopes (low dose) Easy PET-(CT/MRI) Volume flow Yes High ATBF measurements in all fat depots (including visceral AT) High radiation dose Complicated Microdialysis Volume flow No Low Minimally invasive Slower response compared with gold standard Easy Less accurate compared with gold standard Laser Doppler fluxmetry Volume flow No Low Can detect subtle changes Motion artifacts Repeated measurements High spatial heterogeneity Easy Minimally invasive Contrast-enhanced ultrasound Blood volume No Moderate No radioactive substances Difficult to detect subtle changes Repeated measurements Side effects of contrast infusion (minor) Not suitable for small fat depots AT indicates adipose tissue; ATBF, adipose tissue blood flow; PET-CT, positron emission tomography–computed tomography; and PET-MRI, positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging.
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Jump to
- Article
- Visual Overview
- Abstract
- Adipose Tissue Perfusion in Healthy Individuals
- The Physiology of Insulin on Adipose Tissue Perfusion
- ATBF in Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Role of Impaired ATBF in the Development of Whole-Body Insulin Resistance
- Adipose Tissue Perfusion During the Development of Obesity: A Novel Hypothesis
- Future Perspectives
- Conclusion
- Sources of Funding
- Disclosures
- References
- Figures & Tables
- Info & Metrics
- eLetters
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