on August 23, 2007
Published online before print August 23, 2007, doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.144154
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Submitted on March 18, 2007
Accepted on August 9, 2007
Emerging Concepts of Regulation of Angiotensin II Receptors. New Players and Targets for Traditional Receptors
Masaki Mogi ;
From the Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: horiuchi{at}m.ehime-u.ac.jp.
Abstract—Angiotensin (Ang) II exerts its important physiological functions through 2 distinct receptor subtypes, type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors. Recently, new evidence has accumulated showing the existence of several novel receptor interacting proteins and various angiotensin II receptor activation mechanisms beyond the classical actions of receptors for Ang II. These associated proteins could contribute not only to Ang II receptors’ functions, but also to influencing pathophysiological states. Receptor dimerization of Ang II receptors such as homodimer, heterodimer, and complex formation with other G protein–coupled receptors has also been focused on as a new mechanism of their activation or inactivation. Moreover, ligand-independent receptor activation systems such as mechanical stretch for the AT1 receptor have also been revealed. These emerging concepts of regulation of Ang II receptors and a new insight into future drug discovery are discussed in this review.
Key words: angiotensin II receptor • angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker • G protein–coupled receptor • interacting protein • dimerization
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