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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2008;28:380.)
© 2008 American Heart Association, Inc.

Venous Thromboembolism: Mechanisms, Treatment and Public Awareness

New Anticoagulants for Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism

Peter L. Gross; Jeffrey I. Weitz

From the Departments of Medicine (P.L.G., J.I.W.) and Biochemistry and Medical Sciences (J.I.W.), McMaster University, and Henderson Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Correspondence to Dr Jeffrey Weitz, Henderson Research Centre, 711 Concession Street, Hamilton, Ontario, L8V 1C3, Canada. E-mail jweitz{at}thrombosis.hhscr.org

Abstract

Anticoagulant therapy is the cornerstone of treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Such treatment is divided into 2 stages: Rapid initial anticoagulation is given to minimize the risk of thrombus extension and fatal pulmonary embolism, whereas extended anticoagulation is aimed at preventing recurrent VTE, thereby reducing the risk of postphlebitic syndrome. With currently available drugs, immediate anticoagulation can only be achieved with parenteral agents, such as heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, or fondaparinux. Extended treatment usually involves the administration of vitamin K antagonists, such as warfarin. Emerging anticoagulants have the potential to streamline VTE treatment. These agents include idraparinux, a long-acting synthetic pentasaccharide that is given subcutaneously on a once-weekly basis, and new oral anticoagulants that target thrombin or factor Xa. This article (1) reviews the pharmacology of these agents, (2) outlines their potential strengths and weaknesses, (3) describes the results of clinical trials with these new drugs, and (4) identifies the evolving role of new anticoagulants in the management of VTE.

Key Words: venous thromboembolism • new anticoagulants • factor Xa • inhibitors • thrombin inhibitors