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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2006;26:995.)
© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.

Brief Reviews

Dietary Factors That Promote or Retard Inflammation

Arpita Basu; Sridevi Devaraj; Ishwarlal Jialal

From the Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, Calif.

Correspondence to I. Jialal, MD, PhD, Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4635 2nd Ave, Research Bldg 1, Room 3000, Sacramento, CA 95817. E-mail ishwarlal.jialal{at}ucdmc.ucdavis.edu

Series Editor: Margo Denke
Nutrition and Atherosclerosis
ATVB In Focus

Previous Brief Reviews in this Series:

•Isganaitis E, Lustig RH. Fast food, central nervous system insulin resistance, and obesity. 2005;25:2451–2462.
•Levine JA, Vander Weg MW, Hill JO, Klesges RC. Non-exercise activity thermogenesis: the crouching tiger hidden dragon of societal weight gain. 2006;26:729–736.

Inflammation plays a pivotal role in all stages of atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome are typified by low-grade inflammation. Intervention trials convincingly demonstrate that weight loss reduces biomarkers of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6. Limited studies have shown that certain dietary factors; oleic acid, -linolenic acid, and antioxidants RRR--alpha tocopherol, reduce biomarkers of inflammation. Most of the studies with fish oil supplementation have shown null effects, and conflicting results have been reported with saturated and trans fatty acids, cholesterol, and soy intake. Much further research is needed to define the role of individual dietary factors on the biomarkers of inflammation and the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of weight loss.

Inflammation is pivotal in atherosclerosis. Weight loss appears to be the best modality to reduce inflammation. Individual dietary factors responsible for the effects of weight loss on inflammation need to be better defined.

Key Words: C-reactive protein • diet • inflammation • macronutrients • micronutrients • weight loss

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