Published online before print February 9, 2006, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000209501.56852.6c
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© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.
Brief Reviews |
Dynamics and Plasticity of Weibel-Palade Bodies in Endothelial Cells
From the Department of Plasma Proteins (M.G.R., R.B., A.K., J.A.v.M., J.V.), Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; Department of Vascular Medicine (J.A.v.M.), AMC, Amsterdam.
Correspondence to Jan Voorberg, Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam. E-mail j.voorberg{at}sanquin.nl
Agonist-induced release of endothelial cell specific storage granules, designated Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs), provides the endothelium with the ability to rapidly respond to changes in its micro-environment. Originally being defined as an intracellular storage pool for von Willebrand factor (VWF), it has recently been shown that an increasing number of other components, including P-selectin, interleukin (IL)-8, eotaxin-3, endothelin-1, and angiopoietin-2, is present within this subcellular organelle, implicating a role for WPB exocytosis in inflammation, hemostasis, regulation of vascular tone and angiogenesis. Recent studies emphasize that WPBs provide a dynamic storage compartment whose contents can be regulated depending on the presence of inflammatory mediators in the vascular micro-environment. Additionally, release of WPBs is tightly regulated and feedback mechanisms have been identified that prevent excessive release of bioactive components from this subcellular organelle. The ability to regulate both contents and exocytosis of WPBs endows these endothelial cell specific organelles with a remarkable plasticity. This is most likely needed to allow for controlled delivery of bioactive components into the circulation on vascular perturbation.
Recent studies emphasize that Weibel-Palade bodies provide a dynamic storage compartment in endothelial cells whose contents can be regulated by inflammatory mediators present in the vascular micro-environment. This remarable plasticity of WPDs in most likely needed to allow for controlled delivery of bioactive comparats into the circulation upon vascular parturbation.
Key Words: endothelial cells • exocytosis • hemostasis • inflammation • Weibel-Palade body
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