Published online before print January 26, 2006, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000205595.19612.c9
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© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.
Brief Reviews |
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Inhibition Beyond Raising High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels
Pathways by Which Modulation of CETP Activity May Alter Atherogenesis
From the Departments of Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.H.E.M.K., J.A.K.), Vascular Medicine (K.E.H., W.A.vdS., E.S.G.S., J.J.P.K.), and Cardiology (S.M.B.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Correspondence to Jan Albert Kuivenhoven, PhD, Department of Vascular Medicine, room G1-113, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22660, 1105 AZ Amsterdam 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail j.a.kuivenhoven{at}amc.uva.nl
Series Editor: Daniel J. Rader
ATVB In Focus Novel Approaches to the Treatment of Dyslipidemia
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Raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a promising strategy in the struggle to prevent cardiovascular disease, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors have been developed to accomplish this. The first results are encouraging, and, in fact, in rabbits, inhibition of CETP reduces atherosclerosis. Because human data regarding the reduction of atheroma burden require more time, the biochemical mechanisms underlying the putative atheroprotection of CETP inhibitors are currently dissected, and several pathways have emerged. First, CETP inhibition increases HDL-C and reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels consistent with CETP lipid transfer activity and its role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). This coincides with putative beneficial increases in both HDL and LDL size. However, many aspects regarding the impact of CETP inhibition on the RCT pathway remain elusive, in particular whether the first step concerning cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues to HDL is influenced. Moreover, the relevance of scavenger receptor BI and consequently the central role of HDL in human RCT is still unclear. Second, CETP inhibition was shown recently to increase antioxidant enzymes associated with HDL, in turn associated with decreased oxidation of LDL. Atheroprotection in man is currently anticipated based on the improvement of these biochemical parameters known to influence atherosclerosis, but final confirmation regarding the impact of CETP inhibition on cardiovascular outcome will have to come from trials evaluating clinical end points.
The mechanism underlying the putative atheroprotective effect of CETP inhibition points not only toward beneficial effects through raising HDL-C levels. In addition, LDL-C and small dense LDL may decrease, consistent with the role of CETPs in reverse cholesterol transport. Furthermore, CETP inhibition may improve the antioxidant potential of HDL.
Key Words: atherosclerosis • CETP inhibitor • lipid metabolism • HDL
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