Published online before print January 5, 2006, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000202656.53964.04
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© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.
Brief Review |
Tissue Factor Encryption
From Research Service, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center & Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn.
Correspondence to Dr Ronald R. Bach, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Research Service (151), One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417. E-mail bachx006{at}umn.edu
Series Editor: Yale Nemerson
Regulation of Coagulation
ATVB In Focus
Previous Brief Reviews in this Series:
•Jesty J, Beltrami E. Positive feedbacks of coagulation: their role in threshold regulation. 2005;25:2463–2469.
•Monroe DM, Huffman M. What does it take to make the perfect clot? 2006;26:41–48.
Tissue factor (TF) encryption is the post-translational suppression of TF procoagulant activity (PCA) on the cell surface. There is emerging evidence of encrypted TF in normal blood associated with monocytes and platelets. Expression of this latent TF PCA during the propagation phase of blood coagulation may contribute to hemostasis. One pathway leading to the decryption of TF PCA begins with an increase in cytosolic calcium. A large calcium influx triggers both the exposure of phosphatidylserine and the expression of TF PCA on cell surfaces. The connections between these events are reviewed along with evidence that lipid raft association may also contribute to TF encryption. The last step in the decryption of TF PCA is the proteolytic activation of zymogen factor VII. This event may be a key to understanding the different roles of intravascular and extravascular TF in the process of blood coagulation.
Tissue factor (TF) procoagulant activity (PCA) is not fully expressed by an unperturbed cell. This post-translational suppression of TF PCA is known as TF encryption. TF PCA is decrypted after an influx of calcium into the cytosol and phosphatidylserine exposure on the cell surface. TF self-association, TF binding to lipid rafts, and repressed autoactivation of factor VII may contribute to TF encryption.
Key Words: coagulation • cytosolic calcium • factor VII • phosphatidylserine • tissue factor
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