This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 26/2/242    most recent 01.ATV.0000201071.49029.17v1 Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Getz, G. S. Articles by Reardon, C. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Getz, G. S. Articles by Reardon, C. A.

(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2006;26:242.)
© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.

Brief Reviews

Diet and Murine Atherosclerosis

Godfrey S. Getz; Catherine A. Reardon

From the Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.

Correspondence to Godfrey S. Getz, University of Chicago, Department of Pathology MC 1089, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. E-mail g-getz{at}uchicago.edu

Lipid-enriched diets are often used to induce or accelerate the rate of atherosclerotic lesion development in murine models of atherosclerosis. It appears that the induction of persistent hypercholesterolemia to levels >&300 mg/dL is required for the development of experimental atherosclerosis in the mouse. A variety of different diets have been used that vary in the level of cholesterol, the level and type of fatty acid, and the absence or presence of cholate. Each of these components as well as the protein source has been shown to influence lipoprotein level and/or atherosclerosis, with dietary cholesterol being the major proatherogenic component. In some instances the effects of these components on the expression of hepatic genes relevant to lipid homeostasis has been observed. An appreciation of the effect of the differences in diet composition on these processes is important to compare results from different atherosclerosis studies, so the composition of the diets used should always be reported or referenced. Cholate should not be used unless its effects are being specifically investigated.

Murine models of atherosclerosis have been fed a variety of diets that vary in the level of cholesterol, the level and type of fatty acid, and the absence and presence of cholate. This review summarizes what is known about the effect of these dietary components on lipoprotein levels and/or atherosclerosis.

Key Words: atherosclerosis • cholate • cholesterol • diet • fatty acids • murine models

This article has been cited by other articles:

				P. A. VanderLaan, C. A. Reardon, R. A. Thisted, and G. S. Getz VLDL best predicts aortic root atherosclerosis in LDL receptor deficient mice J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2009; 50(3): 376 - 385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. L.E. MacDonald, M. van Eck, R. B. Hildebrand, B. W.C. Wong, N. Bissada, P. Ruddle, A. Kontush, H. Hussein, M. A. Pouladi, M. J. Chapman, et al. Despite Antiatherogenic Metabolic Characteristics, SCD1-Deficient Mice Have Increased Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2009; 29(3): 341 - 347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Martinet and G. R.Y. De Meyer Autophagy in Atherosclerosis: A Cell Survival and Death Phenomenon With Therapeutic Potential Circ. Res., February 13, 2009; 104(3): 304 - 317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Moukdar, J. Robidoux, O. Lyght, J. Pi, K. W. Daniel, and S. Collins Reduced antioxidant capacity and diet-induced atherosclerosis in uncoupling protein-2-deficient mice J. Lipid Res., January 1, 2009; 50(1): 59 - 70. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. T. Yen, O. Roitel, L. Bonnard, V. Notet, D. Pratte, C. Stenger, E. Magueur, and B. E. Bihain Lipolysis Stimulated Lipoprotein Receptor: A NOVEL MOLECULAR LINK BETWEEN HYPERLIPIDEMIA, WEIGHT GAIN, AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN MICE J. Biol. Chem., September 12, 2008; 283(37): 25650 - 25659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Desai, M. M. Mariscalco, A. Tawil, J. G. Vallejo, and C. W. Smith Atherogenic diet-induced hepatitis is partially dependent on murine TLR4 J. Leukoc. Biol., June 1, 2008; 83(6): 1336 - 1344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M. Wolfort, K. Y. Stokes, and D. N. Granger CD4+ T lymphocytes mediate hypercholesterolemia-induced endothelial dysfunction via a NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent mechanism Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): H2619 - H2626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. R. Mohler III, L. Sarov-Blat, Y. Shi, D. Hamamdzic, A. Zalewski, C. MacPhee, R. Llano, D. Pelchovitz, S. K. Mainigi, H. Osman, et al. Site-Specific Atherogenic Gene Expression Correlates With Subsequent Variable Lesion Development in Coronary and Peripheral Vasculature Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2008; 28(5): 850 - 855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Out, M. Hoekstra, K. Habets, I. Meurs, V. de Waard, R. B. Hildebrand, Y. Wang, G. Chimini, J. Kuiper, T. J.C. Van Berkel, et al. Combined Deletion of Macrophage ABCA1 and ABCG1 Leads to Massive Lipid Accumulation in Tissue Macrophages and Distinct Atherosclerosis at Relatively Low Plasma Cholesterol Levels Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2008; 28(2): 258 - 264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Shinohara, T. Yamashita, H. Tawa, M. Takeda, N. Sasaki, T. Takaya, R. Toh, A. Takeuchi, T. Ohigashi, K. Shinohara, et al. Atherosclerotic plaque imaging using phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2008; 294(2): H1094 - H1100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. L. E. MacDonald, R. R. Singaraja, N. Bissada, P. Ruddle, R. Watts, J. M. Karasinska, W. T. Gibson, C. Fievet, J. E. Vance, B. Staels, et al. Absence of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 ameliorates features of the metabolic syndrome in LDLR-deficient mice J. Lipid Res., January 1, 2008; 49(1): 217 - 229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. E. Alkemade, A. C. Gittenberger-de Groot, A. E. Schiel, J. C. VanMunsteren, B. Hogers, L. S. J. van Vliet, R. E. Poelmann, L. M. Havekes, K. Willems van Dijk, and M. C. DeRuiter Intrauterine Exposure to Maternal Atherosclerotic Risk Factors Increases the Susceptibility to Atherosclerosis in Adult Life Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2007; 27(10): 2228 - 2235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Zadelaar, R. Kleemann, L. Verschuren, J. de Vries-Van der Weij, J. van der Hoorn, H. M. Princen, and T. Kooistra Mouse Models for Atherosclerosis and Pharmaceutical Modifiers Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2007; 27(8): 1706 - 1721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Hartvigsen, C. J. Binder, L. F. Hansen, A. Rafia, J. Juliano, S. Horkko, D. Steinberg, W. Palinski, J. L. Witztum, and A. C. Li A Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemic Murine Model to Study Atherogenesis Without Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2007; 27(4): 878 - 885. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Harder, P. Lau, A. Meng, S. C. Whitman, and R. McPherson Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Expression Protects Against Diet Induced Atherosclerosis in SR-BI Deficient Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2007; 27(4): 858 - 864. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Westerterp, C. C. van der Hoogt, W. de Haan, E. H. Offerman, G. M. Dallinga-Thie, J. W. Jukema, L. M. Havekes, and P. C.N. Rensen Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Decreases High-Density Lipoprotein and Severely Aggravates Atherosclerosis in APOE*3-Leiden Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2006; 26(11): 2552 - 2559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. K. Curtiss Is Two out of Three Enough for ABCG1? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2006; 26(10): 2175 - 2177. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Greve, A. S. Les, B. T. Tang, M. T. Draney Blomme, N. M. Wilson, R. L. Dalman, N. J. Pelc, and C. A. Taylor Allometric scaling of wall shear stress from mice to humans: quantification using cine phase-contrast MRI and computational fluid dynamics Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2006; 291(4): H1700 - H1708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]