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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2005;25:1567.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.

Brief Reviews

Quantification of Calcification in Atherosclerotic Lesions

Catherine L. Higgins; Seth A. Marvel; Joel D. Morrisett

From the Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.

Correspondence to Dr Joel D. Morrisett, The Methodist Hospital, A601, 6565 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail morriset{at}bcm.tmc.edu

Calcification can be deposited throughout the vasculature in several forms of calcium phosphate, including calcium hydroxyapatite (CHA). Calcium accumulation in arteries by mineralization and calcium loss from bone by osteoporosis often coexist, and vascular calcification may share common mechanisms with bone remodeling. Deposition of calcification in valves and arteries diminishes the valvular or arterial wall elasticity, a major cause of aneurysm and stenosis. Obstruction of arteries by calcification and other components can lead to heart attack and stroke. Mineralization in the femoral arteries can cause intermittent claudication in the legs, causing decreased mobility. Accurate measurement of calcification is essential for identifying other factors associated with this process and ultimately for elucidating the mechanism(s) of calcification. A wide range of methods for visualizing and measuring calcification for diagnosis and treatment in vivo and for studying the calcification process ex vivo are available. This review provides a critical comparison of older established methods and newer evolving technologies for quantifying calcification.

Key Words: calcification • atherosclerosis • MRI, micro-computed tomography • ultrasound

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