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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2005;25:2343.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.

Vascular Biology

Single Perivascular Delivery of Mitomycin C Stimulates p21 Expression and Inhibits Neointima Formation in Rat Arteries

Juan F. Granada; Diana Ensenat; Amit N. Keswani; Grzegorz L. Kaluza; Albert E. Raizner; Xiao-ming Liu; Kelly J. Peyton; Mohammed A. Azam; Hong Wang; William Durante

From The Methodist Research Institute (J.F.G., G.L.K., A.E.R.), Houston, Tex; Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center (D.E., A.N.K., X.L., K.J.P., M.A.A., H.W., W.D.) and the Departments of Medicine (D.E., A.N.K., X.L., K.J.P., M.A.A., H.W., W.D.) and Pharmacology (W.D.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.

Correspondence to William Durante, PhD, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Bldg 109, Rm 130, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail wdurante{at}bcm.tmc.edu

Objective— Mitomycin C (MMc) is an antibiotic that exerts a potent antiproliferative effect in tumor cells. Because the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a prominent role in the development of restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions, the present study examined the effect of MMc on VSMC proliferation and on neointima formation after arterial balloon injury.

Methods and Results— Treatment of cultured rat aortic VSMCs with MMc (1 nmol to 30 µmol/L) inhibited VSMC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Whereas high concentrations of MMc (1 to 30 µmol/L) induced VSMC apoptosis, as reflected by DNA laddering and caspase-3 activation, lower concentrations of MMc (1 to 300 nmol/L) directly inhibited VSMC growth by arresting cells in the G₂/M phase of the cell cycle. The antiproliferative action of MMc was associated with a selective increase in the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, and with a decrease in cyclin B1-cyclin-dependent kinase-1 complex activity. Finally, the local perivascular delivery of MMc immediately after balloon injury of rat carotid arteries induced p21 expression and markedly attenuated neointima formation.

Conclusion— These studies demonstrate that MMc exerts a potent inhibitory effect on VSMC proliferation and neointima formation after arterial injury. MMc represents a potentially new therapeutic agent in treating and preventing vasculoproliferative disease.

We examined the effect of mytomycin C (MMc) on VSMC proliferation. MMc inhibited the growth of cultured VSMCs and neointima formation after rat carotid artery balloon injury, and this was associated with increased p21 expression. MMc represents a potentially new therapeutic agent in preventing vasculoproliferative disorders.

Key Words: angioplasty • arteries • mitomycin C • restenosis • smooth muscle cells

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