doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000189155.75833.c7
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.
Editorials |
Metabolic Syndrome Scientific Statement by the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
From the Center for Human Nutrition, Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas.
Correspondence to Scott M. Grundy, MD, PhD, Center for Human Nutrition, Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 323 Harry Hines Blvd, Y3.206, Dallas, TX 75390-9052. E-mail scott.grundy@utsouthwestern.edu
An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract. |
The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risk factors that are associated with increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), type 2 diabetes, and their complications. This constellation consists of 5 metabolic risk factors that together increase the risk for ASCVD. These include atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, elevated glucose, a prothrombotic state, and a proinflammatory state. Atherogenic dyslipidemia consists of elevations of serum total apolipoprotein B (apoB), triglycerides, small particles in low density lipoprotein (LDL), and low levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL). An elevated glucose can be in the range of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), which is called prediabetes, or at the level of diabetes. Available evidence suggests that all of the metabolic risk factors are independently atherogenic. Moreover, individuals with metabolic syndrome, particularly when IFG is present, have a high likelihood of progression to type 2 diabetes.
See Circulation. 2005;112:e285
The metabolic syndrome has a multifactorial causation. The predominant underlying risk factors are obesity (especially abdominal obesity) and insulin resistance. These often occur together, and their relative contributions to the syndrome have not been fully defined. Nonetheless, there is a general agreement that the increasing prevalence of obesity in the United States and worldwide is mainly responsible for the increasing occurrence of the syndrome. Other factors that can exacerbate the metabolic syndrome are physical inactivity, advancing age, endocrine dysfunction, and genetic susceptibility.
In 2001, the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III)1,2 proposed that the metabolic syndrome be introduced into clinical practice as
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