Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2004;24:1015-1022
Published online before print April 29, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000130465.23430.74
Published online before print April 29, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000130465.23430.74
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© 2004 American Heart Association, Inc.
Brief Reviews |
Role of Tissue Factor in Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Development
From The Scripps Research Institute, Departments of Immunology & Cell Biology, La Jolla, Calif.
Correspondence to Dr Nigel Mackman, The Scripps Research Institute, Departments of Immunology & Cell Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037. E-mail nmackman{at}scripps.edu
Tissue factor (TF) is best known as the primary cellular initiator of blood coagulation. After vessel injury, the TF:FVIIa complex activates the coagulation protease cascade, which leads to fibrin deposition and activation of platelets. TF deficiency causes embryonic lethality in the mouse and there have been no reports of TF deficiency in humans. These results indicate that TF is essential for life, most likely because of its central role in hemostasis. In addition, aberrant TF expression within the vasculature initiates life-threatening thrombosis in various diseases, such as sepsis, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Finally, recent studies have revealed a nonhemostatic role of TF in the generation of coagulation proteases and subsequent activation of protease activated receptors (PARs) on vascular cells. This TF-dependent signaling contributes to a variety of biological processes, including inflammation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cell migration. This review focuses on the roles of TF in hemostasis, thrombosis, and vascular development.
Tissue factor (TF) expression by nonvascular cells plays an essential role in hemostasis by activating blood coagulation. In contrast, TF expression by vascular cells induces intravascular thrombosis. Finally, TF-dependent assembly of coagulation proteases on vascular cells activates protease activated receptors, which contributes to inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis.
Key Words: tissue factor • coagulation proteases • PAR signaling
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