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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2004;24:e29.)
© 2004 American Heart Association, Inc.

AHA Scientific Statements

Evidence-Based Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women

Expert Panel/Writing Group^*Lori Mosca, MD, PhD (Chair); Lawrence J. Appel, MD; Emelia J. Benjamin, MD; Kathy Berra, MSN, ANP^,; Nisha Chandra-Strobos, MD; Rosalind P. Fabunmi, PhD; Deborah Grady, MD, MPH^¶; Constance K. Haan, MD^||||; Sharonne N. Hayes, MD; Debra R. Judelson, MD^#; Nora L. Keenan, PhD; Patrick McBride, MD, MPH; Suzanne Oparil, MD; Pamela Ouyang, MD; Mehmet C. Oz, MD^;; Michael E. Mendelsohn, MD; Richard C. Pasternak, MD; Vivian W. Pinn, MD^;; Rose Marie Robertson, MD; Karin Schenck-Gustafsson, MD, PhD; Cathy A. Sila, MD; Sidney C. Smith, Jr, MD^¶¶; George Sopko, MD, MPH; Anne L. Taylor, MD^**;; Brian W. Walsh, MD^||; Nanette K. Wenger, MD; Christine L. Williams, MD, MPH

*Representing the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association; American College of Cardiology; American College of Nurse Practitioners; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists||; American College of Physicians¶; American Medical Women’s Association#; Association of Black Cardiologists**; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; Office of Research on Women’s Health; Society of Thoracic Surgeons||||; and World Heart Federation¶¶.

Key Words: AHA Scientific Statements • prevention • women • cardiovascular diseases • risk factors

An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.

Significant advances in our knowledge about interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) have occurred since publication of the first female-specific recommendations for preventive cardiology in 1999.¹ Despite research-based gains in the treatment of CVD, it remains the leading killer of women in the United States and in most developed areas of the world.^2–3 In the United States alone, more than one half million women die of CVD each year, exceeding the number of deaths in men and the next 7 causes of death in women combined. This translates into approximately 1 death every minute.² Coronary heart disease (CHD) accounts for the majority of CVD deaths in women, disproportionately afflicts racial and ethnic minorities, and is a prime target for prevention.^1–2 Because CHD is often fatal, and because nearly two thirds of women who die suddenly have no previously recognized symptoms, it is essential to prevent CHD.² Other forms of atherosclerotic/thrombotic CVD, such as cerebrovascular disease and peripheral arterial disease, are critically important in women. Strategies known to reduce the burden of CHD may have substantial benefits for the prevention of noncoronary atherosclerosis, although they have been studied less extensively in some of these settings.

In the wake of the reports of the Women’s Health Initiative and the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS), which unexpectedly showed that combination hormone therapy was associated with adverse CVD effects, there is a heightened need to critically review and document strategies to prevent CVD in women.^4–7 These studies underscore the importance of evidence-based practice . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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