Published online before print March 21, 2002, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000016045.93313.F2
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© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.
Vascular Biology |
Central Roles of 
5ß1 Integrin and Fibronectin in Vascular Development in Mouse Embryos and Embryoid Bodies
From the Cardiovascular Research Group (S.E.F.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; the Centre for Human Genetics (M.S., D.D.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (K.H.-D.), St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK; and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (K.L.G., K.H.-D., B.L.B., R.O.H.), Center for Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.
Correspondence to Dr S.E. Francis, Cardiovascular Research Group, Division of Clinical Sciences (North), Clinical Sciences Centre, University of Sheffield, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK. E-mail s.francis{at}sheffield.ac.uk
Abstract— Vascular development and maturation are dependent on the interactions of endothelial cell integrins with surrounding extracellular matrix. Previous investigations of the primacy of certain integrins in vascular development have not addressed whether this could also be a secondary effect due to poor embryonic nutrition. Here, we show that the 
5 integrin subunit and fibronectin have critical roles in blood vessel development in mouse embryos and in embryoid bodies (EBs) differentiated from embryonic stem cells (a situation in which there is no nutritional deficit caused by the mutations). In contrast, vascular development in vivo and in vitro is not strongly dependent on v or ß3 integrin subunits. In mouse embryos lacking 5 integrin, greatly distended blood vessels are seen in the vitelline yolk sac and in the embryo itself. Additionally, overall blood vessel pattern complexity is reduced in 5-null tissues. This defective vascular phenotype is correlated with a decrease in the ligand for 5 integrin, fibronectin (FN), in the endothelial basement membranes. A striking and significant reduction in early capillary plexus formation and maturation was apparent in EBs formed from embryonic stem cells lacking 5 integrin or FN compared with wild-type EBs or EBs lacking v or ß3 integrin subunits. Vessel phenotype could be partially restored to FN-null EBs by the addition of whole FN to the culture system. These findings confirm a clear role for 5 and FN in early blood vessel development not dependent on embryo nutrition or v or ß3 integrin subunits. Thus, successful early vasculogenesis and angiogenesis require 5-FN interactions.
Key Words: 5ß1 integrins • fibronectin • vascular development • angiogenesis
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