Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2002;22:364-373
doi: 10.1161/hq0302.105360
doi: 10.1161/hq0302.105360
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.
Brief Review |
Purinergic Signaling and Vascular Cell Proliferation and Death
From the Autonomic Neuroscience Institute, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
Correspondence to Prof Geoffrey Burnstock, PhD, DSc, FAA, FRCS(Hon), FRCP(Hon), FMedSci FRS, Autonomic Neuroscience Institute, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK. E-mail g.burnstock{at}ucl.ac.uk
Evidence for the role of purinergic signaling (via P1 and P2Y receptors) in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells is reviewed. The involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase second-messenger cascade in this action is clearly implicated, although details of the precise intracellular pathways involved still remain to be determined. Synergistic actions of purines and pyrimidines with growth factors occur in promoting cell proliferation. Interaction between purinergic signaling for vascular cell proliferation and cell death mediated by P2X7 receptors is discussed. There is evidence of the release of ATP from endothelial cells, platelets, and sympathetic nerves as well as from damaged cells in atherosclerosis, hypertension, restenosis, and ischemia; furthermore, there is evidence that vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells proliferate in these pathological conditions. Thus, the involvement of ATP and its breakdown product, adenosine, is implicated; it is hoped that with the development of selective P1 (A2) and P2Y receptor agonists and antagonists, new therapeutic strategies will be explored.
Key Words: ATP • apoptosis • purinergic signaling • proliferation • atherosclerosis
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