This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 22/11/1869    most recent 01.ATV.0000036611.77940.F8v1 Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Church, T.S. Articles by Blair, S.N. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Church, T.S. Articles by Blair, S.N. Related Collections Growth factors/cytokines Exercise/exercise testing/rehabilitation Epidemiology Mechanism of atherosclerosis/growth factors

(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2002;22:1869.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

Associations Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and C-Reactive Protein in Men

T.S. Church; C.E. Barlow; C.P. Earnest; J.B. Kampert; E.L. Priest; S.N. Blair

From The Cooper Institute, Dallas, Tex.

Reprint requests to Timothy S. Church, The Cooper Institute, 12330 Preston Rd, Dallas TX 75230. E-mail tchurch{at}cooperinst.org

Objective— This study examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and C-reactive protein (CRP), with adjustment for weight and within weight categories.

Methods and Results— We calculated median and adjusted geometric mean CRP levels, percentages of individuals with an elevated CRP (2.00 mg/L), and odds ratios of elevated CRP across 5 levels of cardiorespiratory fitness for 722 men. CRP values were adjusted for age, body mass index, vitamin use, statin medication use, aspirin use, the presence of inflammatory disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, and smoking habit. We found an inverse association of CRP across fitness levels (P for trend<0.001), with the highest adjusted CRP value in the lowest fitness quintile (1.64 [1.27 to 2.11] mg/L) and the lowest adjusted CRP value in the highest fitness quintile (0.70 [0.60 to 0.80] mg/L). Similar results were found for the prevalence of elevated CRP across fitness quintiles. We used logistic regression to model the adjusted odds for elevated CRP and found that compared with the referent first quintile, the second (odds ratio [OR] 0.43, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.85), third (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.65), fourth (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.47), and fifth (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.37) quintiles of fitness had significantly lower odds of elevated CRP. Similar results were found when examining the CRP-fitness relation within categories of body fatness (normal weight, overweight, and obese) and waist girth (<102 or 102 cm).

Conclusions— Cardiorespiratory fitness levels were inversely associated with CRP values and the prevalence of elevated CRP values in this sample of men from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.

Key Words: C-reactive protein • cardiorespiratory fitness • men

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Hamer and A. Steptoe Prospective study of physical fitness, adiposity, and inflammatory markers in healthy middle-aged men and women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2009; 89(1): 85 - 89. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Bo, G. Ciccone, S. Guidi, R. Gambino, M. Durazzo, L. Gentile, M. Cassader, P. Cavallo-Perin, and G. Pagano Diet or exercise: what is more effective in preventing or reducing metabolic alterations? Eur. J. Endocrinol., December 1, 2008; 159(6): 685 - 691. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. L. Campbell, P. T. Campbell, C. M. Ulrich, M. Wener, C. M. Alfano, K. Foster-Schubert, R. E. Rudolph, J. D. Potter, and A. McTiernan No Reduction in C-Reactive Protein following a 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial of Exercise in Men and Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2008; 17(7): 1714 - 1718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Larbi, C. Franceschi, D. Mazzatti, R. Solana, A. Wikby, and G. Pawelec Aging of the Immune System as a Prognostic Factor for Human Longevity Physiology, April 1, 2008; 23(2): 64 - 74. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. F. Zoeller JR Physical Activity and Obesity: Their Interaction and Implications for Disease Risk and the Role of Physical Activity in Healthy Weight Management American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, December 1, 2007; 1(6): 437 - 446. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. Mora, N. Cook, J. E. Buring, P. M Ridker, and I-M. Lee Physical Activity and Reduced Risk of Cardiovascular Events: Potential Mediating Mechanisms Circulation, November 6, 2007; 116(19): 2110 - 2118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. G. Flynn, B. K. McFarlin, and M. M. Markofski State of the Art Reviews: The Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Exercise Training American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, May 1, 2007; 1(3): 220 - 235. [Abstract] [PDF]

				I. J. Kullo, M. Khaleghi, and D. D. Hensrud Markers of inflammation are inversely associated with VO2 max in asymptomatic men J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2007; 102(4): 1374 - 1379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. L. Campbell and A. McTiernan Exercise and Biomarkers for Cancer Prevention Studies J. Nutr., January 1, 2007; 137(1): 161S - 169S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Mora, I-M. Lee, J. E. Buring, and P. M Ridker Association of Physical Activity and Body Mass Index With Novel and Traditional Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Women JAMA, March 22, 2006; 295(12): 1412 - 1419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. H. Shishehbor, D. Litaker, C. E. Pothier, and M. S. Lauer Association of Socioeconomic Status With Functional Capacity, Heart Rate Recovery, and All-Cause Mortality JAMA, February 15, 2006; 295(7): 784 - 792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. K. Ray, C. P. Cannon, R. Cairns, D. A. Morrow, N. Rifai, A. J. Kirtane, C. H. McCabe, A. M. Skene, C. M. Gibson, P. M. Ridker, et al. Relationship Between Uncontrolled Risk Factors and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients Receiving Standard or Intensive Statin Therapy for Acute Coronary Syndromes in the PROVE IT-TIMI 22 Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 18, 2005; 46(8): 1417 - 1424. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. S. Bassuk and J. E. Manson Epidemiological evidence for the role of physical activity in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2005; 99(3): 1193 - 1204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. LaMonte, S. N. Blair, and T. S. Church Physical activity and diabetes prevention J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2005; 99(3): 1205 - 1213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Elosua, B. Bartali, J. M. Ordovas, A. M. Corsi, F. Lauretani, L. Ferrucci, and on Behalf of the InCHIANTI Investigators Association Between Physical Activity, Physical Performance, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in an Elderly Population: The InCHIANTI Study J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., June 1, 2005; 60(6): 760 - 767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Kasapis and P. D. Thompson The Effects of Physical Activity on Serum C-Reactive Protein and Inflammatory Markers: A Systematic Review J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 17, 2005; 45(10): 1563 - 1569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. J. Nicklas, T. You, and M. Pahor Behavioural treatments for chronic systemic inflammation: effects of dietary weight loss and exercise training Can. Med. Assoc. J., April 26, 2005; 172(9): 1199 - 1209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Dandona, A. Aljada, A. Chaudhuri, P. Mohanty, and R. Garg Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Perspective Based on Interactions Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Inflammation Circulation, March 22, 2005; 111(11): 1448 - 1454. [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. T. Katzmarzyk, T. S. Church, I. Janssen, R. Ross, and S. N. Blair Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, and Mortality: Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness Diabetes Care, February 1, 2005; 28(2): 391 - 397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. S. Leon, B. A. Franklin, F. Costa, G. J. Balady, K. A. Berra, K. J. Stewart, P. D. Thompson, M. A. Williams, and M. S. Lauer Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: An American Heart Association Scientific Statement From the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity), in Collaboration With the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Circulation, January 25, 2005; 111(3): 369 - 376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. J.K. Hammett, H. C. Oxenham, J. C. Baldi, R. N. Doughty, R. Ameratunga, J. K. French, H. D. White, and R. A.H. Stewart Effect of six months' exercise training on C-reactive protein levels in healthy elderly subjects J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 21, 2004; 44(12): 2411 - 2413. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Aronson, R. Sella, M. Sheikh-Ahmad, A. Kerner, O. Avizohar, S. Rispler, P. Bartha, W. Markiewicz, Y. Levy, and G. J. Brook The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and C-reactive protein in subjects with the metabolic syndrome J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 16, 2004; 44(10): 2003 - 2007. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-P. Despres CRP and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Can Exercise Training Cool Down the Flames? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2004; 24(10): 1743 - 1745. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. N. Blair and T. S. Church The Fitness, Obesity, and Health Equation: Is Physical Activity the Common Denominator? JAMA, September 8, 2004; 292(10): 1232 - 1234. [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. M. Douglas, A. J. Taylor, and P. G. O'Malley Relationship Between Depression and C-Reactive Protein in a Screening Population Psychosom Med, September 1, 2004; 66(5): 679 - 683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. C. Suarez C-Reactive Protein Is Associated With Psychological Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Apparently Healthy Adults Psychosom Med, September 1, 2004; 66(5): 684 - 691. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Mascitelli and F. Pezzetta Anti-inflammatory Effect of Physical Activity Arch Intern Med, February 23, 2004; 164(4): 460 - 460. [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. L. Stauffer, G. L. Hoetzer, D. T. Smith, and C. A. DeSouza Plasma C-reactive protein is not elevated in physically active postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2004; 96(1): 143 - 148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G.M. Hirschfield and M.B. Pepys C-reactive protein and cardiovascular disease: new insights from an old molecule QJM, November 1, 2003; 96(11): 793 - 807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. B. Ledue and N. Rifai Preanalytic and Analytic Sources of Variations in C-reactive Protein Measurement: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment Clin. Chem., August 1, 2003; 49(8): 1258 - 1271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Dandona, A. Aljada, A. Chaudhuri, and A. Bandyopadhyay The Potential Influence of Inflammation and Insulin Resistance on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis-Related Complications in Type 2 Diabetes J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2003; 88(6): 2422 - 2429. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Sharma, A. Schmidt-Trucksass, L. Mascitelli, F. Pezzetta, C. A. Slentz, W. E. Kraus, and A. R. Tall Effects of Exercise on Plasma Lipoproteins N. Engl. J. Med., April 10, 2003; 348(15): 1494 - 1496. [Full Text] [PDF]