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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2001;21:1029.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.

Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins

Pro-Oxidant Effect of Vitamin E in Cigarette Smokers Consuming a High Polyunsaturated Fat Diet

Richard B. Weinberg; Barbara S. VanderWerken; Rachel A. Anderson; Jane E. Stegner; Michael J. Thomas

From the Department of Internal Medicine (R.B.W., B.S.V., R.A.A.), Section of Gastroenterology, the General Clinical Research Center (J.E.S.), and the Department of Biochemistry (M.J.T.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.

Abstract—Dietary polyunsaturated fats and vitamin E are associated with reduced risk for atherosclerosis, but in smokers, they could promote lipid oxidation. Therefore, we examined the effects of a high polyunsaturated fat diet and vitamin E supplementation on measures of lipid oxidation in cigarette smokers. Ten subjects who smoked >1 pack of cigarettes per day were sequentially fed the following: a baseline diet in which the major fat source was olive oil, a diet in which the major fat source was high-linoleic safflower oil, and finally, the safflower oil diet plus 800 IU vitamin E per day. LDL oxidation lag time and rate and plasma total F₂-isoprostanes and prostaglandin F₂ (PGF₂) were determined after 3 weeks on each diet. The safflower oil diet increased total F₂-isoprostanes from 53.0±7.2 to 116.2±11.2 nmol/L and PGF₂ from 3.5±0.2 to 5.5±0.5 nmol/L, without changing LDL oxidation parameters. Addition of vitamin E prolonged mean LDL oxidation lag time but, paradoxically, further increased F₂-isoprostanes to 188.2±10.9 nmol/L and PGF₂ to 7.8±0.4 nmol/L. These data suggest that vitamin E may function as a pro-oxidant in cigarette smokers consuming a high polyunsaturated fat diet.

Key Words: LDL • lipid oxidation • antioxidants • -tocopherol • F₂-isoprostanes

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