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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2000;20:1860.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.

Brief Reviews

Hepatic and Extrahepatic Scavenger Receptors

Function in Relation to Disease

Valeska Terpstra; Edwin S. van Amersfoort; Agnes G. van Velzen; Johan Kuiper; Theo J. C. van Berkel

From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, University of Leiden, Sylvius Laboratories, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Correspondence to Theo J.C. van Berkel, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, University of Leiden, Sylvius Laboratories, PO Box 9503, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. E-mail t.berkel@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl

	Introduction

 
Scavenger receptors (SRs) have been of major interest in the study of atherogenesis over the past decade. They were first described for macrophages as alternative receptors to the LDL receptor in the uptake of (excessive) cholesterol and lipid, leading to the development of foam cells. The name scavenger receptor was well chosen, because they recognize a broad array of ligands. In recent years, several new members of the SR family have been cloned on the basis of their ability to recognize modified lipoproteins. According to a proposal by Krieger¹ and recently reviewed by Greaves et al,² the members are classified as follows: SR class A consists of SR-AI, SR-AII, SR-AIII, and the macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO); class B consists of SR-BI and CD36; and class C contains only the Drosophila SR-C. Class D, E, and F receptors have only recently been identified, and none of these show any structural similarity with class A, B, or C receptors (see Figure for classes and structures).

View larger version (36K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Classification of SRs and their proposed structures (based on a proposal by Krieger1 and extended by Greaves et al2 ). EGF indicates epidermal growth factor.

The distinct, but partly overlapping, binding properties of the SR classes form a complication in defining their respective activity in terms of ligand uptake. Most SRs bind a variety of polyanionic ligands. SR classes A and B are expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and are involved in the development of lipid-laden foam cells. However, the expression of SRs is not restricted . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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