© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Vascular Biology |
Expression of Macrophage (M
) Scavenger Receptor, CD36, in Cultured Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells in Association With Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-
, Which Regulates Gain of M-Like Phenotype In Vitro, and Its Implication in Atherogenesis
From the Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka , Japan.
Correspondence to Ken-ichi Hirano, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, B5, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. E-mail khirano{at}kb3.so-net.ne.jp
Abstract—CD36 is one of the major
receptors for oxidized low density lipoproteins belonging to
macrophage (M
) scavenger receptor (SR) class B and is
thought to play an important role in the foam cell formation from
monocyte-M in the atherosclerotic lesions. Although it has been
hypothesized that smooth muscle cells (SMCs) may be the other origin of
foam cells in vivo, supporting data are still very limited. In the
present study, we have tested the expression of a variety of SRs,
including CD36, in 8 lots of primary human aortic SMCs (HASMCs)
explanted from 8 different donors. Functional CD36 was expressed in
cultured HASMCs, and the levels of expression were widely ranged
between the lots. SR class A (SR-A) was expressed abundantly in
CD36-negative lots. Other M markers, such as CD32 and CD68, were
expressed in all lots tested. These data suggest that the cultured
HASMCs gained an M-like phenotype. To determine the
mechanism for the above-described phenotypic change, we have tested the
expression of a nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator activated
receptor-
, in those cells. This nuclear receptor was abundantly
expressed in CD36-positive lots, whereas c-fms was
expressed abundantly in CD36-negative/SR-A–positive lots. The
synthetic ligand of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-,
troglitazone, upregulated the expression of CD36 only in CD36-positive
lots. These observations demonstrate that cultured HASMCs can gain an
M-like phenotype, possibly classified by the expression of
CD36 or SR-A. The present study may support the possibilities of
transformation of HASMCs into foam cells in vivo.
Key Words: CD36 • foam cells • oxidized LDL • peroxisome proliferator activated receptor- • scavenger receptors
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