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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1999;19:918-924.)
© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.

Original Contributions

Dietary Restriction of Saturated Fat and Cholesterol Decreases HDL ApoA-I Secretion

Presented in part at the 70th Scientific Sessions meeting of the American Heart Association, Orlando, FL, November 9–12, 1997.

Wanda Vélez-Carrasco; Alice H. Lichtenstein; Francine K. Welty; Zhengling Li; Stefania Lamon-Fava; Gregory G. Dolnikowski; Ernst J. Schaefer

From the Lipid Metabolism Laboratory (W.V.-C., A.H.L., F.K.W., Z.L., S.L.-F., E.J.S.) and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Mass (G.G.D.).

Correspondence to Ernst J. Schaefer, MD, Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Meyer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111. E-mail Schaefer_li{at}hnrc.tufts.edu

Abstract—We examined the mechanisms responsible for the decrease in HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels after the consumption of a diet low in total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol. Twenty-one subjects with a mean age of 58±12 years were placed on a baseline isocaloric diet (15% protein, 49% carbohydrate, 36% fat, and 150 mg/1000 kcals of cholesterol) and then switched to an NCEP Step 2 diet (15% protein, 60% carbohydrate, 25% fat, and 45 mg/1000 kcals of cholesterol). After 6 or 24 weeks on each diet, subjects received a 15-hour primed-constant infusion of [5,5,5–²H₃]-L-leucine. HDL apoA-I and apoA-II tracer curves were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and fitted to a monoexponential equation. Compared with the baseline diet, consumption of the Step 2 diet lowered HDL-C mean levels by 15% (1.03±0.23 to 0.88±0.16 mmol/L, P<0.001), apoA-I by 12% (1.25±0.15 to 1.10±0.13 g/L, P<0.001) and the TC/HDL-C ratio by 5% (0.145±0.04 to 0.137±0.03). No significant changes were observed in apoA-II levels and HDL particle size with diet. HDL apoA-I fractional catabolic rate did not change (0.219±0.052 to 0.220±0.043 pools/day, P=0.91) but HDL apoA-I secretion rate decreased by 8% (12.26±3.07 to 10.84±2.11 mg · kg^-1 · day^-1, P=0.03) during consumption of the Step 2 diet. There was no effect of diet on apoA-II fractional catabolic rate or secretion rate. Our results indicate that the decrease in HDL-C and apoA-I levels during the isocaloric consumption of a Step 2 diet paralleled the reductions in apoA-I secretion rate.

Key Words: diet • HDL • apolipoprotein kinetics • stable isotopes

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