Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1999;19:472-484
© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Contributions |
Role of ApoCs in Lipoprotein Metabolism
Functional Differences Between ApoC1, ApoC2, and ApoC3
From TNO–Prevention and Health, Gaubius Laboratory (M.C.J.); MGC–Department of Human Genetics (M.H.H.); and the Departments of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (L.M.H.), Leiden, The Netherlands.
Correspondence to Dr M.C. Jong, TNO–Prevention and Health, Gaubius Laboratory, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden or PO Box 2215, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail mc.jong@pg.tno.nl
Key Words: apolipoproteins • lipoprotein lipase • lipoproteins, VLDL • triglycerides • mice, transgenic
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Introduction |
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The human apoCs (ie, apoC1, apoC2, and apoC3) are often portrayed as members of 1 consistent protein family because of their similar distributions among lipoprotein classes, their low molecular weights, and coincident purification. The human apoCs are protein constituents of chylomicrons, VLDL, and HDL. In comparison with the intensely studied apoE, apoB, and apoA1, which play important roles in the development of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, only modest attention has been paid so far to the roles of the apoCs in lipoprotein metabolism. Many of the studies regarding the functional properties of apoCs have been hampered by methodological problems dealing with purification, quantification, and their poorly understood association with hyperlipidemia and other lipoprotein disorders. In the past few years, however, new insights into the metabolic properties of apoCs have been provided, in particular by the technologies of transgenesis and gene targeting in mice.
The present review addresses the influence of apoCs on the major metabolic pathways in lipoprotein metabolism. Therefore, a number of important in vitro and in vivo studies will be discussed that point to a distinct role for each of the individual apoCs in lipoprotein metabolism and human disease.
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APOC Genes |
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The genes coding for human apoC1 and human apoC2 are members of a 48-kb gene cluster on chromosome 19 that also includes the APOE and pseudo-APOC1' genes.1 2 3 4 5 It has been reported that the human APOC1 gene is located either 4.32 3 or 5.34 kb downstream from the APOE gene in the same transcriptional orientation. The APOC1 gene is
4.7
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