Absence of Age-Related Increase in Central Arterial Stiffness in Physically Active Women

Human Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Center for Physical Activity, Disease Prevention, and Aging, Department of Kinesiology (H.T., C.A.D., D.R.S.), University of Colorado at Boulder, and Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Geriatric Medicine and Center on Aging (D.R.S.), University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver.

Correspondence to Hirofumi Tanaka, PhD, University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Kinesiology, Campus Box 354, Boulder, CO 80309-0354. E-mail tanakah{at}colorado.edu

Abstract—Increased arterial stiffness is thought to contribute to the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease with age. Little, however, is known about the influence of aging on central and peripheral arterial stiffness in females. Moreover, it is unknown whether physical activity status influences age-related increases in arterial stiffness in females. Arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI, applanation tonometry) were measured in 53 healthy females, including 10 premenopausal (Pre-S) and 18 postmenopausal (Post-S) sedentary women, and 9 premenopausal (Pre-PA) and 16 postmenopausal (Post-PA) physically active women. In the sedentary women, there were no age-related differences in arterial blood pressure, but aortic PWV and carotid AI (measures of central arterial stiffness) were higher (P<.01) in Post-S versus Pre-S (1065±110 versus 690±80 cm/sec and 16.5%±1.8% versus 0.3%±1.6%, respectively); however, there were no significant differences in leg and arm PWV (measures of peripheral arterial stiffness). Systolic and mean arterial blood pressures were higher (P<.05) in Post-PA versus Pre-PA. Despite this and in contrast to the sedentary women, aortic PWV and AI were not different in Post-PA versus Pre-PA. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that maximal oxygen consumption, plasma total cholesterol, and plasma LDL-cholesterol were significant independent predictors and together explained up to 50% of the variability in central arterial stiffness. We concluded that (1) central, but not peripheral, arterial stiffness increases with age in sedentary healthy females in the absence of age-related increases in arterial blood pressure; (2) significant age-related increases in central arterial stiffness are not observed in highly physically active women; and (3) aerobic fitness and plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels are significant independent physiological correlates of central arterial stiffness in this population.

Key Words: exercise • aging • pulse wave velocity • augmentation index • arterial compliance

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