© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
17ß-Estradiol Prevents Fatty Streak Formation in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
From INSERM U397 (R.E., J.-F.A., J.-C.F., F.B.) and INSERM U466 (M.-T.P.), Institut L. Bugnard, Toulouse Cédex, France; RPR-Gencell, Atherosclerosis Department (N.D.), Vitry sur Seine Cédex, France; and INSERM U325 et Serlia (C.F.), Institut Pasteur, Lille Cédex, France.
Correspondence to Dr F. Bayard, INSERM U397, Institut L. Bugnard, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31054 Toulouse Cédex, France. E-mail bayard{at}rangueil.inserm.fr
Abstract The reality of the atheroprotective effect of estrogens is still a matter of debate, and its unknown mechanisms could involve favorable changes in blood lipids and lipoproteins and/or direct action at the level of the arterial wall. We used the recently developed animal model of atherosclerosis constituted by apolipoprotein E–deficient mice in an attempt to clarify these issues. Male and female animals, fed a low-fat chow diet, were treated with increasing doses of 17ß-estradiol (E2) after castration and compared with testosterone treated and uncastrated (intact) animals. Total serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol concentrations decreased under E2 treatment in each sex and were weakly correlated with lesion area. However, a highly significant correlation between lesion area and serum E2 levels also suggested a direct action of E2 on cells of the vascular wall. A dose-response curve analysis revealed that these activities were sex-dependent, with females being nearly twice as sensitive to E2 as males. It also revealed that the atheroprotective activity was recruited at higher E2 concentrations than those needed by other E2 target tissues such as uterus or functions such as apoA-1 and LDL production and/or clearance rates.
Key Words: fatty streak formation • apolipoproteins
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