Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1996;16:1070-1073
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Circumferential Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 in Human Coronary Atherosclerosis
Implications for Plaque Rupture
the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (R.T.L., H.M.L., P.L.) and the Department of Pathology (F.J.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, and Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ (M.W.L.).
Correspondence to Richard T. Lee, MD, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail rtlee@bics.bwh.harvard.edu.
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture may occur when regions of weakened extracellular matrix are subjected to increased mechanical stresses. Since collagen is a major determinant of extracellular matrix strength, enzymes that degrade collagen may play an important role in destabilizing the atherosclerotic lesion. To test the hypothesis that matrix metalloproteinase 1 (interstitial collagenase, or MMP-1), which initiates degradation of fibrillar collagens, colocalizes with increased stress in the fibrous cap of the atherosclerotic lesion, 12 unruptured human coronary lesions were studied. Finite-element analysis was used to determine the distribution of stress in the lesion, with estimates of material properties from previous measurements of human tissues. A computerized image analysis system was used to determine the distribution of immunoreactive MMP-1 within the fibrous tissue of the lesion. There was a significant correlation between immunoreactive MMP-1 and circumferential tensile stress in the fibrous cap within a given lesion (median Spearman rank correlation coefficient, .36; interquartile range, -.02 to .81; P<.02). Within a given lesion, the highest-stress region had twofold greater MMP-1 expression than the lowest-stress regions. In unruptured human atherosclerotic coronary lesions, overexpression of MMP-1 is associated with increased circumferential stress in the fibrous plaque. Degradation and weakening of the collagenous extracellular matrix at these critical high-stress regions may play a role in the pathogenesis of plaque rupture and acute ischemic syndromes.
Key Words: myocardial infarction • matrix metalloproteinase • collagenase • stress • coronary artery disease
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