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(Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1995;15:1070-1078.)
© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.

Articles

Body Fat Distribution Is a Determinant of the High-Density Lipoprotein Response to Dietary Fat and Cholesterol in Women

Peter M. Clifton; Mavis Abbey; Mannie Noakes; Sandra Beltrame; Nicole Rumbelow; Paul J. Nestel

From CSIRO, Division of Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia.

Abstract We have conducted a dietary trial that addressed the factors influencing the variability in plasma lipids in response to dietary fat and cholesterol with a focus on the effects of gender and body fat distribution. Sixty-seven women and 53 men were selected so that overall men and women had a similar mean age, LDL cholesterol, and body mass index. After a 2-week low-fat period subjects were given two liquid supplements for 3 weeks each, one that contained 31 to 40 g fat and 650 to 845 mg cholesterol, and one that was fat free. Measurements included plasma lipids and lipoproteins, glucose, insulin, hepatic triglyceride lipase activity, apolipoprotein E polymorphism, and three indexes of body fat (body mass index, waist girth, and waist-hip ratio). In response to dietary fat and cholesterol supplementation only the changes in HDL cholesterol, especially in HDL₂, differed between the sexes. Although on univariate analysis lipoprotein changes were predicted by baseline lipoprotein levels, body mass index, waist girth, waist-hip ratio, hepatic triglyceride lipase activity, and insulin, multiple regression showed only waist-hip ratio to predict changes in HDL₂ cholesterol in women and body mass index and baseline HDL₂ cholesterol in men. Changes in LDL were predicted by baseline LDL cholesterol in women and apolipoprotein E phenotype and age in men. These studies explain much of the variability that individuals show in lipoprotein changes, especially in the more desirable changes in cholesterol transport in HDL₂, in response to eating saturated fat and cholesterol.

Key Words: body mass index • lipoproteins • insulin • lipase • dietary response • fat distribution

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