on March 16, 2006
Published online before print March 16, 2006, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000217632.98717.a0
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Submitted on January 6, 2006
Accepted on March 3, 2006
Nitric Oxide and Posttranslational Modification of the Vascular Proteome. S-Nitrosation of Reactive Thiols
Diane E. Handy and Joseph Loscalzo *
From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jloscalzo{at}partners.org.
Abstract--Nitric oxide (NO·) is known to exert its effects via guanylyl cyclase and cyclic GMP- dependent pathways and by cyclic GMP-independent pathways, including the posttranslational modification of proteins. Much ongoing research is focused on defining the mechanisms of NO·-mediated protein modification, the identity and function of the modified proteins, and the significance of these changes in health and disease. S-nitrosation or thionitrite formation has only been found on a limited number of residues in a subset of proteins in in vitro and in vivo studies. Protein S-nitrosation also appears to be reversible. There are several theories about the in vivo S-nitrosating agent, and most suggest a role for oxidation products of NO· in this process. Flux in cellular S-nitrosoprotein pools appears to be regulated by NO· availability and is redox-sensitive. An analysis of S-nitrosation in candidate proteins has clarified the mechanism by which NO· regulates enzymatic and cellular functions. These findings suggest the utility of using proteomic methods to identify unique targets for protein S-nitrosation to understand further the molecular mechanisms of the effects of NO·.
Key words: endothelial cells • nitric oxide • posttranslational modification • proteomics • S-nitrosation
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