on April 21, 2005
Published online before print April 21, 2005, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000167525.69400.9c
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Submitted on January 5, 2005
Accepted on April 6, 2005
Porphyromonas gingivalis Bacteremia Induces Coronary and Aortic Atherosclerosis in Normocholesterolemic and Hypercholesterolemic Pigs
Nadine Brodala ;
From the School of Dentistry and Department of Periodontology (N.B., D.D., S.O., J.B., P.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (E.P.M., D.A.B., T.C.N.), and the Department of Biostatistics (D.S., Y.-L.C., G.K.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Center of Oral and Systemic Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tnichols{at}med.unc.edu.
Objectives--The aim of this study was to determine whether recurrent intravenous injections with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P gingivalis), mimicking periodontitis-associated bacteremia, promotes coronary artery and aortic atherosclerosis in pigs.
Methods and Results--Pigs (n=36) fed low- or high-fat chow were divided into P gingivalis-sensitized and P gingivalis-challenged groups or P gingivalis-sensitized controls and saline-treated controls. Pigs were sensitized with 109 killed P gingivalis subcutaneously. Four weeks later all sensitized pigs in the group to be challenged started intravenous injections thrice weekly for 5 months with 106 to 107 colony forming units of P gingivalis while controls received saline. Anti-P gingivalis antibody, serum cholesterol, and complete blood counts were assayed monthly. Pigs were euthanized 2 weeks after the last injection, and coronary arteries and aortas were analyzed by histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. Anti-P gingivalis antibody was increased by P gingivalis exposure. P gingivalis-challenged pigs developed a significantly greater amount of coronary and aortic atherosclerosis than controls in the normocholesterolemic group and nearly significant in the hypercholesterolemic group. P gingivalis was detected by polymerase chain reaction in arteries from most (94%, 16 of 17) P gingivalis-challenged pigs but not controls.
Conclusions--Recurrent P gingivalis bacteremia induces aortic and coronary lesions consistent with atherosclerosis in normocholesterolemic pigs and increases aortic and coronary atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic pigs.
Key words: coronary and aortic atherosclerosis • Porphyromonas gingivalis • periodontitis • pig model • bacteremia
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