on October 28, 2004
Published online before print October 28, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000149142.42590.a2
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Submitted on December 22, 2003
Accepted on October 15, 2004
Immunomodulation of Atherosclerosis. Implications for Vaccine Development
Jan Nilsson *;
From the Department of Medicine (J.N.), Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, and the Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine (G.K.H.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden; and the Atherosclerosis Research Center and the Division of Cardiology (P.K.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Jan.Nilsson{at}medforsk.mas.lu.se.
Abstract--A number of studies have shown activation of the immune system throughout various stages of atherosclerosis. Recent observations have suggested that activation of immune responses may promote atherosclerosis on one hand by inducing and perpetuating arterial inflammation, whereas on the other hand, selective activation of certain immune functions may inhibit atherosclerosis and arterial inflammation. These observations suggest the possibility that selective suppression of proatherogenic immune responses or selective activation of antiatherogenic immune responses may provide new approaches for atherosclerosis prevention and treatment. Several antigens activating immune responses affecting development of atherosclerosis have been identified. These immune responses may be modulated by presenting the antigens together with different types of adjuvants as well as through the route of administration. In this review, we summarize recent experimental studies using immunomodulatory approaches for treatment of atherosclerosis.
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