on May 13, 2004
Published online before print May 13, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000132401.12275.0c
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Submitted on April 20, 2004
Accepted on May 4, 2004
Atherosclerotic Plaque Smooth Muscle Cells Have a Distinct Phenotype
Eileen R. Mulvihill *;
From the Departments of Pathology (E.R.M., C.R., S.M.S.) and Computer Science and Engineering (J.J., R.S., W.L.R.) and the School of Pharmacy (S.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (J.J.), 14195 Berlin, Germany; and the Department of Computer Science and Engineering (R.S.), IIT, Kharagpur, India.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mulvie{at}u.washington.edu.
Objective--The present study addresses the question, "Are plaque smooth muscles cells (SMCs) genetically distinct from medial SMCs as reflected by the ability to maintain a distinctive expression phenotype in vitro?"
Methods/Results--Multiple cell strains were developed from carotid endarcterectomy specimens, and quadruplicate array hybridizations were completed for each sample. A new normalization protocol was developed and used to analyze the data. Permutation analysis suggests that most of the significant differences in expression could not have occurred by chance. A broad pattern of significant expression differences, consisting of almost 5% of the genes probed, was detected. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) confirmation was found in 70% of a subset of genes selected for validation.
Conclusions--The SMC cultures were nearly indistinguishable by morphological features, population doubling time, and sensitivity to cell death induced by Fas cross-linking. Surprisingly, array expression analysis identified differences so extensive that we conclude that plaque and medial SMCs are distinctly different SMC cell types.
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