on April 29, 2004
Published online before print April 29, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000130024.50058.de
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Submitted on March 18, 2004
Accepted on April 15, 2004
AIF-1 Expression Modulates Proliferation of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Autocrine Expression of G-CSF
Xing Chen ;
From the Department of Physiology (X.C., M.V.A.) and Cardiology (S.E.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Penn.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mautieri{at}temple.edu.
Objective--Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is associated with vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation and vascular injury. The purpose of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanism of AIF-1 growth-enhancing effects in human VSMC.
Methods and Results--Primary human VSMCs were stably transduced with AIF-1 retrovirus (RV). Impact on cell growth was evaluated by the increase in cell number, and the effects on gene expression were determined by cDNA microarray analysis. AIF-RV overexpressing cells grew significantly more rapidly than empty-RV control cells in growth medium and serum-reduced medium (P<0.01 and 0.02, respectively). cDNA microarray analysis and Western blotting on serum-starved AIF-1-transduced VSMCs identified increased mRNA expression of several cell cycle proteins and, surprisingly, the cytokine G-CSF. Addition of G-CSF caused a 75% increase in proliferation of VSMCs in the absence of serum growth factors. The proliferative effects of AIF-1 were abrogated by neutralizing antibodies to G-CSF (P<0.05), and AIF-1-transduced VSMCs are chemotactic for human monocytes. Increased expression of G-CSF and colocalization with AIF-1 positive cells were seen in diseased, not normal human coronary arteries.
Conclusions--This study indicates that AIF-1 enhances VSMC growth by autocrine production of G-CSF, and AIF-1 expression may influence VSMC-inflammatory cell communication.
Key words: allograft inflammatory factor-1 • G-CSF • proliferation
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