on May 16, 2002
Published online before print May 16, 2002, doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000022407.91111.E4
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Submitted on December 25, 2001
Accepted on April 11, 2002
Heterogeneity of Smooth Muscle Cell Populations Cultured From Pig Coronary Artery
Hiroyuki Hao ;
From the Departments of Pathology (H.H., P.R., A.G., G.G., M.-L.B.-P) and Morphology (M.S.P.), University of Geneva-CMU, and the Division of Cardiology (V.V., E.C.), University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Marie-Luce.Piallat{at}medecine.unige.ch.
Objective—Heterogeneous smooth muscle cell (SMC) populations have been described in the arteries of several species. We have investigated whether SMC heterogeneity is present in the porcine coronary artery, which is widely used as a model of restenosis.
Methods and Results—By using 2 isolation methods, distinct medial populations were identified: spindle-shaped SMCs (S-SMCs) after enzymatic digestion, with a "hill-and-valley" growth pattern, and rhomboid SMCs (R-SMCs) after explantation, which grow as a monolayer. Moreover, the intimal thickening that was induced after stent implantation yielded a large proportion of R-SMCs. R-SMCs exhibited high proliferative and migratory activities and high urokinase activity and were poorly differentiated compared with S-SMCs. Heparin and transforming growth factor-ß2 inhibited proliferation and increased differentiation in both populations, whereas fibroblast growth factor-2 and platelet-derived growth factor-BB had the opposite effect. In addition, S-SMCs treated with fibroblast growth factor-2 or platelet-derived growth factor-BB or placed in coculture with coronary artery endothelial cells acquired a rhomboid phenotype. This change was reversible and was also observed with S-SMC clones, suggesting that it depends on phenotypic modulation rather than on selection.
Conclusions—Our results show that 2 distinct SMC subpopulations can be recovered from the pig coronary artery media. The study of these subpopulations will be useful for understanding the mechanisms of restenosis.
Key words: intimal thickening • restenosis • endothelial cells • myosin • smoothelin
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