Published online before print July 31, 2008, doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.155960
© 2008 American Heart Association, Inc.
Brief Reviews |
Assessing Identity, Phenotype, and Fate of Endothelial Progenitor Cells
From the Departments of Pediatrics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.K.H.), Center for Cell & Gene Therapy and Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; and the Department of Pediatrics (D.A.I., M.C.Y.), Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.
Correspondence to Karen K. Hirschi, Departments of Pediatrics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Cell & Gene Therapy and Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail khirschi@bcm.tmc.edu
An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract. |
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Introduction |
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From the paradigm shifting observations of Harvey, Malpighi, and van Leeuwenhoek, blood vessels have become recognized as distinct and dynamic tissue entities that merge with the heart to form a closed circulatory system.1 Vessel structures are comprised predominantly of a luminal layer of endothelial cells that is surrounded by some form of basement membrane, and mural cells (pericytes or vascular smooth muscle cells) that make up the vessel wall. In larger more complex vessel structures the vessel wall is composed of a complex interwoven matrix with nerve components. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis for the formation, remodeling, repair, and regeneration of the vasculature have been and continue to be popular areas for investigation.
The endothelium has become a particularly scrutinized cell population with the recognition that these cells may play important roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases.2 Although it has been known for several decades that some shed or extruded endothelial cells enter the circulation as apparent contaminants in the human blood stream,3 only more recent technologies have permitted the identification of not only senescent sloughed endothelial cells,4 but also endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which have been purported to represent a normal component of the formed elements of circulating blood5 and play roles in disease pathogenesis.6–9 Most citations refer to an article published in 1997 in which Asahara and colleagues isolated, characterized, and examined the in vivo function of putative EPCs from human peripheral blood as a major impetus for generating
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