doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000154579.11213.da
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.
Editorials |
Exercise and the Prothrombotic State
A Paradox of Cardiovascular Prevention or an Enhanced Prothrombotic State?
From the Haemostasis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, England.
Correspondence to Professor G.Y.H. Lip, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, England. E-mail g.y.h.lip@bham.ac.uk
An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract. |
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the western world. The importance of a healthy lifestyle in reducing the risk of CVD cannot be over-emphasized, with many guidelines offering recommendations on lifestyle issues such as smoking, diet, alcohol, and physical activity. With regard to the latter, some official recommendations suggest that each individual should participate in a minimum of 30 minutes of "moderate intensity" activity at least five days a week.1 The latest Health Survey for England, however, highlights the vast discrepancies between targets and reality, demonstrating that up to three quarters of adults do far less than the recommended amount of physical activity.2 The concept that lifestyle and daily activities can be implicated in either increasing or decreasing the risk of development/progression of CVD has been highlighted by a variety of anecdotal and epidemiological evidence. In their original description of acute myocardial infarction (MI), Obraztsov and Strazhesko3 were the first to report that "direct events" (such as exercise) often precipitated the disease. Many years later, Tofler et al4 demonstrated that in a population of patients who had experienced a MI, nearly half (48.5%) reported one or more potential trigger, with the most common reported being moderate/heavy physical activity (22.8%) followed by emotional upset (18.4%). In contrast, we found that only 21% of patients admitted with MI were engaged in physical activity at chest pain onset, with most patients being engaged in sedentary activities, including lying in bed (25%), sitting (19%), watching television (14%),
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Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005 25: 454-460.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005 25: 454-460.
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