Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1997;17:417-422
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Vascular Myofibroblasts
Lessons From Coronary Repair and Remodeling
From the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa.
Correspondence to Andrew Zalewski, MD, Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut St, Suite 410N, Philadelphia, PA 19107.
Key Words: coronary artery • myofibroblast • smooth muscle • adventitia
 |
Introduction |
|---|
Vascular repair and remodeling represents a common theme of many cardiovascular abnormalities. This is not surprising, since frequent exposure of blood vessels to excessive hemodynamic stress (eg, hypertension), the noxious effects of blood contents (eg, atherogenic lipids), and locally released cytokines (eg, postangioplasty) require readily available mechanism(s) to counteract their adverse effects and to preserve the intactness of the vessel wall. These responses, which were evolutionarily developed to repair an injured tissue, often escape self-limiting control and result in lumen narrowing. Various vascular lesions contain mesenchymal cells, different from normal medial cells, which has been viewed as evidence that smooth muscle (SM) cells modulate their phenotype in response to changes in the environment in situ.1 2 3 This concept has been further reinforced by the dedifferentiation of SM cells to a "synthetic" phenotype in culture.4 The presence of "nonmuscle" cells in the normal vessel wall, however, raises an intriguing question regarding whether they contribute to vascular repair while acquiring markers of muscle differentiation. This review will examine the potential role of these cells in coronary repair and remodeling.
Seminal studies by Gabbiani and coworkers5 6 have
established that wound healing is associated with rapid activation of
fibroblasts, which proliferate, migrate, and undergo differentiation to
myofibroblasts. These cells acquire bundles of microfilaments (stress
fibers) and develop extensive connections with the surrounding
extracellular matrix, a change which is consistent with the primary
role of newly formed myofibroblasts to close an open wound by means of
extracellular matrix protein synthesis and contraction.7
Subsequent studies have confirmed
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  M. G. Frid, M. Li, M. Gnanasekharan, D. L. Burke, M. Fragoso, D. Strassheim, J. L. Sylman, and K. R. Stenmark Sustained hypoxia leads to the emergence of cells with enhanced growth, migratory, and promitogenic potentials within the distal pulmonary artery wall Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, December 1, 2009; 297(6): L1059 - L1072. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Roy-Chaudhury, Y. Wang, M. Krishnamoorthy, J. Zhang, R. Banerjee, R. Munda, S. Heffelfinger, and L. Arend Cellular phenotypes in human stenotic lesions from haemodialysis vascular access Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., September 1, 2009; 24(9): 2786 - 2791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Liu, R. J. Kelm Jr., and A. R. Strauch Transforming Growth Factor {beta}1-mediated Activation of the Smooth Muscle {alpha}-Actin Gene in Human Pulmonary Myofibroblasts Is Inhibited by Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} via Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1-dependent Induction of the Egr-1 Transcriptional Repressor Mol. Biol. Cell, April 15, 2009; 20(8): 2174 - 2185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Puato, C. Piergentili, M. Zanardo, R. Rocchi, M. Giordan, P. Cardaioli, and P. Pauletto Vascular Remodeling After Carotid Artery Stenting Angiology, November 1, 2007; 58(5): 565 - 571. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Li, C. M. Terry, D. K. Blumenthal, T. Kuji, T. Masaki, B. C. H. Kwan, I. Zhuplatov, J. K. Leypoldt, and A. K. Cheung Cellular and morphological changes during neointimal hyperplasia development in a porcine arteriovenous graft model Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., November 1, 2007; 22(11): 3139 - 3146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. Gan, T. Yoshida, J. Li, and G. K. Owens Smooth Muscle Cells and Myofibroblasts Use Distinct Transcriptional Mechanisms for Smooth Muscle {alpha}-Actin Expression Circ. Res., October 26, 2007; 101(9): 883 - 892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Maiellaro and W. R. Taylor The role of the adventitia in vascular inflammation Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2007; 75(4): 640 - 648. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. C.M. Siow and A. T. Churchman Adventitial growth factor signalling and vascular remodelling: Potential of perivascular gene transfer from the outside-in Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2007; 75(4): 659 - 668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. An, R. Boyd, M. Zhu, A. Chapman, D. R. Pimentel, and H. D. Wang NADPH oxidase mediates angiotensin II-induced endothelin-1 expression in vascular adventitial fibroblasts Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2007; 75(4): 702 - 709. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Garanich, R. A. Mathura, Z.-D. Shi, and J. M. Tarbell Effects of fluid shear stress on adventitial fibroblast migration: implications for flow-mediated mechanisms of arterialization and intimal hyperplasia Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): H3128 - H3135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Weaver, J. Liu, D. Pimentel, D. J. Reddy, P. Harding, E. L. Peterson, and P. J. Pagano Adventitial delivery of dominant-negative p67phox attenuates neointimal hyperplasia of the rat carotid artery Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2006; 290(5): H1933 - H1941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A K Mitra and D K Agrawal In stent restenosis: bane of the stent era. J. Clin. Pathol., March 1, 2006; 59(3): 232 - 239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. S. Blom, R. Mukherjee, J. J. Pilla, A. S. Lowry, W. M. Yarbrough, J. T. Mingoia, J. W. Hendrick, R. E. Stroud, J. E. McLean, J. Affuso, et al. Cardiac Support Device Modifies Left Ventricular Geometry and Myocardial Structure After Myocardial Infarction Circulation, August 30, 2005; 112(9): 1274 - 1283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Schachner, A. Oberhuber, Y. Zou, A. Tzankov, H. Ott, G. Laufer, and J. Bonatti Rapamycin treatment is associated with an increased apoptosis rate in experimental vein grafts Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., February 1, 2005; 27(2): 302 - 306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Herrmann, S. Samee, A. Chade, M. R. Porcel, L. O. Lerman, and A. Lerman Differential Effect of Experimental Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia on Adventitial Remodeling Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2005; 25(2): 447 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Somoza, M. C. Gonzalez, J. M. Gonzalez, F. Abderrahim, S. M. Arribas, and M. S. Fernandez-Alfonso Modulatory role of the adventitia on noradrenaline and angiotensin II responses: Role of endothelium and AT2 receptors Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2005; 65(2): 478 - 486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. M. Dourron, G. M. Jacobson, J. L. Park, J. Liu, D. J. Reddy, M. L. Scheel, and P. J. Pagano Perivascular gene transfer of NADPH oxidase inhibitor suppresses angioplasty-induced neointimal proliferation of rat carotid artery Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2005; 288(2): H946 - H953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. V. Subramanian, J. A. Polikandriotis, R. J. Kelm Jr., J. J. David, C. G. Orosz, and A. R. Strauch Induction of Vascular Smooth Muscle {alpha}-Actin Gene Transcription in Transforming Growth Factor {beta}1-Activated Myofibroblasts Mediated by Dynamic Interplay between the Pur Repressor Proteins and Sp1/Smad Coactivators Mol. Biol. Cell, October 1, 2004; 15(10): 4532 - 4543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Xu, H. Arai, X. Zhuge, H. Sano, T. Murayama, M. Yoshimoto, T. Heike, T. Nakahata, S.-i. Nishikawa, T. Kita, et al. Role of Bone Marrow-Derived Progenitor Cells in Cuff-Induced Vascular Injury in Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2004; 24(3): 477 - 482. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. C.M Siow, C. M Mallawaarachchi, and P. L Weissberg Migration of adventitial myofibroblasts following vascular balloon injury: insights from in vivo gene transfer to rat carotid arteries Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2003; 59(1): 212 - 221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. E. Rey and P. J. Pagano The Reactive Adventitia: Fibroblast Oxidase in Vascular Function Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2002; 22(12): 1962 - 1971. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Nakazato, Y. Yamaji, N. Oshima, M. Hayashi, and T. Saruta Calcification and osteopontin localization in the peritoneum of patients on long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis therapy Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., July 1, 2002; 17(7): 1293 - 1303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Mori, K. Komori, T. Yamaoka, M. Tanii, C. Kataoka, A. Takeshita, M. Usui, K. Egashira, and K. Sugimachi Essential Role of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Development of Restenotic Changes (Neointimal Hyperplasia and Constrictive Remodeling) After Balloon Angioplasty in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits Circulation, June 18, 2002; 105(24): 2905 - 2910. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. V. Subramanian, R. J. Kelm Jr., J. A. Polikandriotis, C. G. Orosz, and A. R. Strauch Reprogramming of vascular smooth muscle {alpha}-actin gene expression as an early indicator of dysfunctional remodeling following heart transplant Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2002; 54(3): 539 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Sartore, A. Chiavegato, E. Faggin, R. Franch, M. Puato, S. Ausoni, and P. Pauletto Contribution of Adventitial Fibroblasts to Neointima Formation and Vascular Remodeling: From Innocent Bystander to Active Participant Circ. Res., December 7, 2001; 89(12): 1111 - 1121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. J. Miller Jr Adventitial Fibroblasts : Backstage Journeymen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2001; 21(5): 722 - 723. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Albassam, A. L. Metz, R. E. Potoczak, K. P. Gallagher, S. Haleen, H. Hallak, and E. J. Mcguire Studies on Coronary Arteriopathy in Dogs Following Administration of CI-1020, an Endothelin A Receptor Antagonist Toxicol Pathol, April 1, 2001; 29(3): 277 - 284. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Davenpeck, C. Marcinkiewicz, D. Wang, R. Niculescu, Y. Shi, J. L. Martin, and A. Zalewski Regional Differences in Integrin Expression : Role of {{alpha}}5{beta}1 in Regulating Smooth Muscle Cell Functions Circ. Res., February 16, 2001; 88(3): 352 - 358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Godin, E. Ivan, C. Johnson, R. Magid, and Z. S. Galis Remodeling of Carotid Artery Is Associated With Increased Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Mouse Blood Flow Cessation Model Circulation, December 5, 2000; 102(23): 2861 - 2866. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Ward, G. Pasterkamp, A. C. Yeung, and C. Borst Arterial Remodeling : Mechanisms and Clinical Implications Circulation, September 5, 2000; 102(10): 1186 - 1191. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Neuville, M.-L. Bochaton-Piallat, and G. Gabbiani Retinoids and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2000; 20(8): 1882 - 1888. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Li, Y.-F. Chen, S. S. Kelpke, S. Oparil, and J. A. Thompson Estrogen Attenuates Integrin-{beta}3-Dependent Adventitial Fibroblast Migration After Inhibition of Osteopontin Production in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Circulation, June 27, 2000; 101(25): 2949 - 2955. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Ollivier, J. Chabbat, J. M. Herbert, J. Hakim, and D. de Prost Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production by Fibroblasts in Response to Factor VIIa Binding to Tissue Factor Involves Thrombin and Factor Xa Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2000; 20(5): 1374 - 1381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Li, S.-J. Chen, S. Oparil, Y.-F. Chen, and J. A. Thompson Direct In Vivo Evidence Demonstrating Neointimal Migration of Adventitial Fibroblasts After Balloon Injury of Rat Carotid Arteries Circulation, March 28, 2000; 101(12): 1362 - 1365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Patel, Y. Shi, R. Niculescu, E. H. Chung, J. L. Martin, and A. Zalewski Characteristics of Coronary Smooth Muscle Cells and Adventitial Fibroblasts Circulation, February 8, 2000; 101(5): 524 - 532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A.-C. Desfaits, J. Raymond, and J. P. Muizelaar Growth Factors Stimulate Neointimal Cells In Vitro and Increase the Thickness of the Neointima Formed at the Neck of Porcine Aneurysms Treated by Embolization • Editorial Comment Stroke, February 1, 2000; 31(2): 498 - 507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. H. Strauss and M. Rabinovitch Adventitial Fibroblasts . Defining a Role in Vessel Wall Remodeling Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., January 1, 2000; 22(1): 1 - 3. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Faggin, M. Puato, A. Chiavegato, R. Franch, P. Pauletto, and S. Sartore Fish Oil Supplementation Prevents Neointima Formation in Nonhypercholesterolemic Balloon-Injured Rabbit Carotid Artery by Reducing Medial and Adventitial Cell Activation Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2000; 20(1): 152 - 163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Koyanagi, K. Egashira, M. Kubo-Inoue, M. Usui, S. Kitamoto, H. Tomita, H. Shimokawa, and A. Takeshita Role of Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1 in Cardiovascular Inflammatory Changes Induced by Chronic Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthesis Hypertension, January 1, 2000; 35(1): 86 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Oparil, S.-J. Chen, Y.-F. Chen, J. N Durand, L. Allen, and J. A Thompson Estrogen attenuates the adventitial contribution to neointima formation in injured rat carotid arteries Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 1999; 44(3): 608 - 614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Li, Y.-F. Chen, G. L. Greene, S. Oparil, and J. A. Thompson Estrogen Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-Dependent Adventitial Fibroblast Migration In Vitro Circulation, October 12, 1999; 100(15): 1639 - 1645. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Christen, M.-L. Bochaton-Piallat, P. Neuville, S. Rensen, M. Redard, G. van Eys, and G. Gabbiani Cultured Porcine Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells : A New Model With Advanced Differentiation Circ. Res., July 9, 1999; 85(1): 99 - 107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Faggin, M. Puato, L. Zardo, R. Franch, C. Millino, F. Sarinella, P. Pauletto, S. Sartore, and A. Chiavegato Smooth Muscle-Specific SM22 Protein Is Expressed in the Adventitial Cells of Balloon-Injured Rabbit Carotid Artery Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 1999; 19(6): 1393 - 1404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Shi, S. Patel, R. Niculescu, W. Chung, P. Desrochers, and A. Zalewski Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in the Regulation of Coronary Cell Migration Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 1999; 19(5): 1150 - 1155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Miano, L. A. Kelly, C. A. Artacho, T. A. Nuckolls, R. Piantedosi, and W. S. Blaner all-Trans-Retinoic Acid Reduces Neointimal Formation and Promotes Favorable Geometric Remodeling of the Rat Carotid Artery After Balloon Withdrawal Injury Circulation, September 22, 1998; 98(12): 1219 - 1227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. D. Mannion, M. L. Ormont, Y. Shi, J. E. O'Brien Jr.,, W. Chung, F. Roque, and A. Zalewski Saphenous vein graft protection: Effects of c-myc antisense J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 1998; 115(1): 152 - 161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Seidel Cellular Heterogeneity of the Vascular Tunica Media : Implications for Vessel Wall Repair Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1997; 17(10): 1868 - 1871. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. J. Schulze-Bauer, P. Regitnig, and G. A. Holzapfel Mechanics of the human femoral adventitia including the high-pressure response Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2002; 282(6): H2427 - H2440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|