doi: 10.1161/hq0701.092137
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Atherosclerosis and Lipoproteins |
Effects of Endurance Exercise Training on Plasma HDL Cholesterol Levels Depend on Levels of Triglycerides
Evidence From Men of the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training and Genetics (HERITAGE) Family Study
From the Lipid Research Center (C.C., J.-P.D., B.L., J.B.) and the Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology (J.G.), Laval University Medical Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada; the Physical Activity Sciences Laboratory (J.G.), Department of Kinesiology, and the Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition (J.-P.D., B.L.), Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada; the Québec Heart Institute (J.-P.D.), Laval Hospital Research Center, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada; the School of Kinesiology and Leisure Studies (A.S.L.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; the Division of Biostatistics (D.C.R.), Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Mo; the Department of Kinesiology (J.S.S.), Indiana University, Bloomington; the Department of Health and Kinesiology (J.H.W.), Texas A&M University, College Station; and the Pennington Biomedical Research Center (C.B.), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.
Correspondence to Jean-Pierre Després, PhD, Québec Heart Institute, Pavilion Mallet, 2nd Floor, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4G5. E-mail Jean-Pierre.Despres{at}crchul.ulaval.ca
Abstract—High
density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations have
been shown to increase with regular endurance exercise and, therefore,
can contribute to a lower risk of coronary heart disease in
physically active individuals compared with sedentary subjects.
Although low HDL cholesterol levels are frequently observed
in combination with hypertriglyceridemia,
some individuals may be characterized by isolated
hypoalphalipoproteinemia, ie, low HDL cholesterol levels in
the absence of elevated triglyceride (TG) concentrations.
The present study compared the responses of numerous
lipoprotein-lipid variables to a 20-week endurance exercise
training program in men categorized on the basis of baseline TG and HDL
cholesterol concentrations: (1) low TG and high HDL
cholesterol (normolipidemia), (2) low TG and low HDL
cholesterol (isolated low HDL cholesterol), (3)
high TG and high HDL cholesterol (isolated high TGs), and
(4) high TGs and low HDL cholesterol (high TG/low HDL
cholesterol). A series of physical and
metabolic variables was measured before and after the
training program in a sample of 200 men enrolled in the Health,
Risk Factors, Exercise Training and Genetics (HERITAGE) Family Study.
At baseline, men with high TG/low HDL cholesterol had more
visceral adipose tissue than did men with isolated low HDL
cholesterol and men with normolipidemia. The 0.4% (not
significant) exercise-induced increase in HDL cholesterol
levels in men with isolated low HDL cholesterol suggests
that they did not benefit from the "HDL-raising" effect of
exercise. In contrast, men with high TG/low HDL cholesterol
showed a significant increase in HDL cholesterol levels
(4.9%, P<0.005). Whereas both
subgroups of men with elevated TG levels showed reductions in plasma
TGs (
-15.0%, P<0.005),
only those with high TG/low HDL cholesterol showed
significantly reduced apolipoprotein B levels at the end of the study
(-6.0%, P<0.005). Multiple
regression analyses revealed that the exercise-induced change
in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (10.6%,
P<0.01) was the only
significant correlate of the increase in plasma HDL
cholesterol with training in men with high TG/low HDL
cholesterol. Results of the present study suggest that
regular endurance exercise training may be particularly helpful in men
with low HDL cholesterol, elevated TGs, and abdominal
obesity.
Key Words: HDL cholesterol • triglycerides • exercise training • coronary heart disease
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